INTRODUCTION

Q. What is Biometrics ?
:- The meaning of Biometrics comes from the Greeks. In
Which the word Bio means life and the word metry
means to measure.
So we can also say that Biometric
means the measurement of life for statistical purposes
where using body as a password. It’s a new technology
that could be used by banks, airports and hospitals to
ensure secure networks.
 PRINCIPLE
Q. How Does Biometrics work?
:- Biometrics functions works on a very simple principle:
everyone in the world is unique, and this uniqueness can
be used for identity verification.
Most Biometric technology systems
use the same basic principles of operation. First, a person
must be registered, or enrolled, on the biometric system.
Now when a user wants to enter a system , the system will
need his sample, If the sample is matched, the user is
authenticated and granted access to the computer;
otherwise the user is not granted access.
Functions of Biometric Systems
 One useful way of thinking about biometrics
is that they are used for one of two purposes:
• (A) To prove that you are who you say you are
(positive ID).
In a positive ID situation, the subject asserts
that she is Jane Doe and submits a "live"
sample (a fingerprint, for example) to the
system. The system then checks its database
of previously enrolled or registered samples
to see if the live sample matches the
reference sample. A positive ID system is
designed to prevent more than one person
from using a single identity.
• (B) To prove that you are not who you say
you are not (negative ID).
In a negative ID situation, John Roe claims
not to be someone already known to the
system. Here, the system checks its database
to see that Roe is not on the watch list of
suspected criminals and terrorists, whose
biometrics are already in the system. A
negative ID system is designed to prevent
one person from using more than one
identity.
When biometrics is employed to effect
negative identification, one need not be
enrolled. The only persons who must be "in"
the database are those whom the operator is
trying to keep out or catch.
 BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES

 Various Biometric system modes & it’s working

MODE HOW IT WORKS

Face A camera captures the image

Recognition of a face.Features and
discrete areas of his face are
Fingerprint analyzed
Converts the. image of a
scan fingerprint into a
mathematical template of the
Iris print's
A minutiae
video camera shootspoints.
an image of the
eye.The patterns of the iris are
Recognition converted into digitized code.The code is
compared with a database of iris codes.
Keystroke The system analyses the
Dynamics characteristics rhythm of a
person's typing.
Hand A picture of the hand is taken and
Geometry salient features are examined.These
include 3D shape,length,width of
fingers and shape of knuckles.
Retinal scan User's position their eye in proximity to
a retinal reader and focus their sight on
an illuminated target inside the
reader.An image of the retina's blood
vessel pattern is saved in a file.
Voice The user states a pass phrase
verification into a microphone or telephone
handset.
 Advantages
 Biometrics directly authenticates the person, not
indirectly through a password or token.
 Biometrics features are difficult to steal; thereby
making biometrics authentication very strong.
The Biometrics feature is eminently portable, and is
unlikely to be lost.
Another advantage of biometrics authentication
systems is user cannot forget his retina or fingerprint,
while a password and username are easily forgotten.
 DISADVANTAGES

 In Iris recognition ,it is Relatively expensive;

requires large amount of computer storage; may not
be generally accepted by public.
 In Voice verification , Works well over the
telephone but Requires large amount of computer
storage; people's voices can change; background
noises can interfere.
 When the data collected from the user passes
through the system, the data is not encrypted at all.
 APPLICATIONS

Various applications of Biometric Authentication are as follows:-

 PC access and internet security.
Safety on weapons: no access for children and other
unauthorized user.

Mobile phones: network access, theft protection,

mobile financial transaction.
Credit cards, bank cards,ATM cards.
Malaysia's Kuala Lampur airport has incorporated
as a facial recognition.
 CONCLUSION

Biometric Authentication Systems are used to improve

computer and network security. They reduce the risks
associated with the use of passwords and usernames.
Their advantages overcome the disadvantages
however; biometrics authentication systems are
expensive and not fully tested that is why they are not
globally used.