OBD II

Chapter 14
Pg 433 Classroom Manual
What is OBD II ?
On Board Diagnostics II
Response to Federal Government
Monitors when emissions increase by 50%
percent or more.
Calls for standard service procedure without
dedicated special tools.
Universal Diagnostic Test connector
Standard list of Diagnostic Trouble codes

433 Class manual
OBD II MONITORS
Catalyst Efficiency Monitor (437C)
Misfire Monitor (438C)
Fuel System Monitor (440C)
Heated Oxygen Sensor Monitor (440C)
EGR System Monitor (441C)
Evaporative Emission System Monitor (442C)
Secondary Air Injection System Monitor (442C)
Comprehensive Monitor (444C)
Page 436C
Catalyst Efficiency Monitor
(437C)
PCM monitors Oxygen sensors before
catalyst and after catalyst
Downstream sensors internal heater only
turn on after engine is warm
Catalyst stores oxygen and creates a low
frequency signal
If downstream O2 sensor signal reaches a
certain frequency, DTC is set in memory
Misfire Monitor (438C)
If cylinder misfires, HC goes into cat and
catalytic converter tries to convert and
overworks itself.
Type A misfire - immediate catalyst damage
Type B misfire - cause emissions to rise 1.5
times the design standard
Type C misfire - could cause a I/M failure
Fuel System Monitor (440C)
Monitors air/fuel ratio in closed loop
Short term fuel trim - Block Integrator is a
short term correction of fuel delivery
Long term fuel trim - Block Learn is a long
term correction of fuel delivery
If two drive cycle fuel trim corrections
occur, PCM will set a DTC and illuminate
the MIL.
Heated Oxygen Sensor Monitor
(440C)

OBDII systems have primary and secondary
Oxygen sensors
Monitors O2 sensor switching times
All O2s are monitored once per drive cycle
PCM will vary fuel delivery and look for
O2 sensor response
PCM must see O2 sensors signal within a
certain range

EGR System Monitor (441C)
PCM monitors EGR operation by looking at
MAP, or EGR temp, Delta pressure
feedback sensor, etc.
Operated once per OBDII trip
If EGR pressure or temp is just a little out
of range, will set a code
If two drive cycles, will turn on MIL
Non- Enhanced Evaporative
Emission System Monitor (442C)

Monitors ability of
fuel tank to hold
vapors and ability of
system to purge
vapors
System uses purge
flow sensor
Some systems use a
Vapor Management
Valve (VMV)
Enhanced EVAP System
EVAP Operation
Power up Vac Test
Excess Vac Test
Loaded Canister Test
Weak Vac Test
Small Leak Test
Purge Solenoid Test
Should detect a .040
leak.
Secondary Air Injection System
Monitor (442C)
Air injection is monitored for correct
operation
PCM tests system with passive and active
tests
Passive test - PCM just looks at operation of 02
sensor
Active test - PCM activates air injection to see
reaction of O2 sensor if passive test fails.
Comprehensive Monitor (444C)
PCM monitors opens, shorts or input signal
values that are out of range
PCM checks voltage levels of inputs
PCM checks frequency signals by performing
rationality tests
Looks at sensor readings to check if make sense
Output state test - monitors output voltages
SYSTEM READINESS MODE
Warm Up Cycle - Engine Must rise at least
40 degrees and reach 160 deg.
Trip - Says at least five monitors must occur
(not catalyst efficiency)
Drive Cycle - Says five monitors plus
catalyst efficiency must occur
PAGE 446C
OBD II TRIP
.Is when 5 monitors are completed.
Misfire, Fuel, Comprehensive, EGR and
HO2S.
Each monitor requires specific driving
conditions. (some once, some continuously)
Scanner will tell you when a Trip is
completed.
PAGE 446C
OBD II
TRIP
447 Classroom
DRIVE CYCLE
.is when all five plus catalyst monitor is
completed
If same fault detected during two drive
cycles, DTC is stored
If misfire occurs, will store code and turn on
MIL immediately
If catalyst monitor detects a fault in three
drive cycles, it will set a code
All faults erased after 40 ign. cycles
OBD II DRIVE CYCLE
447 Classroom
Data Link Connector (DLC)
Mounted in standard
location
16 pin with 9 pins
defined by SAE
Cannot jump across
any pins to display
codes on MIL
Any Scanner should
access Data Stream
Pg 450 Classroom
LOCATION OF DLC
Must be accessible
from drivers seat
Must be located
between left of center
and 300 millimeters to
the right of center
Must not be hidden
9 Pins OBDII
7 Pins Manufacturer
PCM Communication
Federal regulations mandate common
communication system
OBDII systems use bi-directional communication
Scanner can access data from any vehicle sold in
the United States

OBD II Scan Tools


OBD II Programming
EEPROM Programming
Direct Programming
Hooked directly from a PC to vehicle DLC
Remote Programming
Connected from PC to Scanner to DLC
Scanner acts as a intermediary with Mass Storage
Cartridge
Off-Board Programming
Used away from vehicle.
Requires a Programming Adapter
OBD II DIAGNOSIS
Diagnostic systems will be standardized
Scanners
Codes
Terminology
Locations of DLCs
Testing of Engine Control Systems
Trouble code standardization
Diagnostic Trouble Codes
(DTCs)
SAE J2012 specify format
First Digit Area where code belongs:
P - Powertrain
B - Body
C - Chassis
Second Digit Whos Responsible
0 - SAE
1 - Manufacturer
DTCs
Third Digit - Subgroup
0 - Total System
1 - Fuel-air control
2 - Fuel-air control
3 - Ignition System misfire
4 - Auxiliary Emission Systems
5 - Idle Speed Control
6 - PCM and Input/Output
7 - Transmission
8 - Non-EEC Powertrain
DTCs
Fourth and Fifth digits - Specific Area
where trouble exists
EXAMPLE: P1711
P - Powertrain DTC
1 - Manufacturer defined code
7 - Transmission Subgroup
11- Transmission oil temp (TOT) sensor and
related circuit
OBD II Diagnostic
Codes
SCANNER OPTIONS
Some scanners have built in printer
Some scanners have graph or lab scope
capabilities
Most scanners have freeze mode
Some scanners have diagnostic information
available such as common problems,
technical service bulletins ref.
Engine Analyzers have scanners also
TEST SELECTIONS
Fault Codes
Switch Tests
ATM Tests
Sensor Tests
AIS Tests
Output State Tests
EMR reset
Wiggle Test
KOEO Test
KOER Test
Computed Timing
Clear Memory
Code Library
Basic Test
CDR Test
Cruise Control Test
FREEZE FRAME MODE
Federal Regulations require engine operating
conditions be captured whenever a MIL is
illuminated.
The latest failure will always overwrite a
previous failure except misfire or fuel trim
malfunctions.
Some scanners will print out a graph showing
sensor malfunctioning sensor signals
Pg 609 Lab Manual