HOUSING STOCK, AMENITIES &

ASSETS IN SLUMS - CENSUS 2011

Dr C. CHANDRAMOULI
REGISTRAR GENERAL &
CENSUS COMMISSIONER,
INDIA
A Slum in Delhi
Definition of a Slum
A Slum, for the purpose of Census, has been
defined as residential areas where dwellings are
unfit for human habitation by reasons of
dilapidation, overcrowding, faulty arrangements
and design of such buildings, narrowness or faulty
arrangement of street, lack of ventilation, light, or
sanitation facilities or any combination of these
factors which are detrimental to the safety and
health.
Identification of Slums in Census
For the purpose of Census, slums have been
categorized and defined as of the following three
types:
Notified Slums
Recognized Slums
Identified Slums
All notified areas in a town or city
notified as Slum by State, UT
Administration or Local Government
under any Act including a Slum Act
Notified Slums
Recognized Slums
Identified Slums
Identification of Slums
All areas recognised as Slum by State, UT
Administration or Local Government, Housing
and Slum Boards, which may have not been
formally notified as slum under any act
Notified Slums
Recognized Slums
Identified Slums
Identification of Slums
A compact area of at least 300 population or
about 60-70 households of poorly built
congested tenements, in unhygienic
environment usually with inadequate
infrastructure and lacking in proper sanitary and
drinking water facilities (Identified).
Notified Slums
Recognized Slums
Identified Slums
Identification of Slums
Data on Slum from Census
It is for the first time in Census that datasets on Housing
stock, Amenities and Assets based on the Houselisting
and Housing Census are being released
In Census 2001, information on Slums were released
only on demographic characteristics based on the
Population Enumeration. For this purpose, Slum Blocks
were identified in Statutory Towns having a population of
20,000 by the local authorities at the time of Population
Enumeration phase
In Census 2011, Slum Blocks have been delineated in
all statutory towns irrespective of population size.
Census 2011
Results
Out of 4,041 Statutory Towns
in Census 2011 Slums
reported from 2,543 Towns
(63%)
Total Slum Enumeration
Blocks (SEBs) in Census
2011 is about 1.08 lakh in the
country
Largest number of Slum EBs
reported from Maharashtra
(21,359)


Towns Reporting Slums
India : Census 2011
Notified Slums 37,072
Recognised Slums 30,846
Identified Slums 40,309
Total: 1,08,227 Blocks


Number of Slum Blocks by Type of
Slums India : Census 2011
Notified Slums 49.65 lakh HHs
Recognised Slums 37.96 lakh HHs
Identified Slums 49.88 lakh HHs
Total: 137.49 lakh HHs
Households by Type of Slums
India : Census 2011
Slum & Non-Slum Households
India 2011
Indicator
Number of
households
(in lakh)
Total (Urban)
789
Slum
137
Non-Slum
652
Number of households (in %)
Slum
17.4
Non-Slum
82.6
Number of Slum Households in
Million Plus Cities
Indicator Number
Number of Slum Households (in lakh)
Total (Slum)
137
Slum in Million Plus Cities
52
Slum in other Cities
85
Number of Slum Households (in %)
Slum in Million Plus Cities
38.1
Slum in other Cities
61.9
38 % of the slum households are in 46 Million Plus
Cities
Top/Bottom 5 States
Reporting Slum Households
State
Proportion of Slum
HHs to Urban HHs
(%)
Andhra Pradesh 35.7
Chhattisgarh 31.9
Madhya Pradesh 28.3
Odisha 23.1
West Bengal 21.9
Top 5 States
Bottom 5 States
State
Proportion of
Slum HHs to
Urban HHs (%)
Chandigarh# 9.7
Gujarat 6.7
Jharkhand 5.3
Assam 4.8
Kerala 1.5
Percentag
e of Slum
HHs to
Total
Urban HHs
Proportion of Slum Households in
Metros - 2011
Million Plus Cities
Proportion of Slum
HHs to Total Urban
HHs (%)
Greater Mumbai (M Corp.) 41.3
Kolkata (M Corp.) 29.6
Chennai (M Corp.) 28.5
Delhi Municipal Corp (U) 14.6
BBMP (M Corp.) 8.5
Million Plus Cities with High
Proportion of Slum HHs (Top 10
only) - 2011
Million Plus Cities
Proportion of Slum HHs to
Total Urban HHs (%)
1. Greater Visakhapatnam M Corp. 44.1
2. Jabalpur Cantt (CB) 43.3
3. Greater Mumbai (M Corp.) 41.3
4. Vijayawada (M Corp.) 40.6
5. Meerut (M Corp.) 40.0
6. Raipur (M Corp.) 39.0
7. Nagpur (M Corp.) 34.3
8. Greater Hyderabad M Corp. (GHMC) 31.9
9. Kota (M Corp.) 31.8
10. Agra (M Corp.) 29.8
INDIA (Absolute numbers in lakh)
Use of Census House Urban Slum
Total Occupies Census Houses 990 160
Residence 761 133
Residence-cum-other use 24 3.9
Shop/Office 107 10.8
School/College, etc 4 0.5
Hotel/Lodge/Guest House 4 0.4
Hospital/ Dispensary, etc 3 0.3
Factory/ Workshop, etc 15 2
Place of worship 6 0.9
Other non-residential use 59 8
Locked Census Houses 7 1
Use of Occupied Census Houses
India : 2011
INDIA (in %)
Use of Census House Urban Slum
Total Occupies Census Houses 100.0 100.0
Residence 76.9 82.5
Residence-cum-other use 2.4 2.4
Shop/Office 10.8 6.7
School/College, etc 0.4 0.3
Hotel/Lodge/Guest House 0.4 0.2
Hospital/ Dispensary, etc 0.3 0.2
Factory/ Workshop, etc 1.5 1.2
Place of worship 0.6 0.6
Other non-residential use 6.0 5.1
Locked Census House 0.7 0.6
Use of Occupied Census Houses
India : 2011
A Lane in a Slum
Households by Type of Census Houses
India
Type Urban Slum
Permanent 84.3 77.7
Semi-permanent 11.6 16.0
Temporary 3.2 5.3
Any other 0.9 1.0
HHs (in %)
Slum
Households
by Structure
of Census
Houses
(Permanent)
View of a Slum in Delhi
Households by Number of Room India
Number of Room Urban Slum
No exclusive room 3.1 4.4
One room 32.1 44.8
Two room 30.6 29.5
Three room 18.4 12.3
Four room 9.3 5.4
Five rooms and above 6.5 3.5
HHs (in %)
Households by Household Size India
Household Size Urban Slum
1 member 3.6 3.7
2 members 9.5 9.5
3 members 15.9 14.9
4 members 26.4 25.1
5 members 18.5 19.4
6 to 8 members 20.6 22.2
9 and above members 5.4 5.2
HHs (in %)
Households by Number of Married Couples
India
Number of married couples Urban Slum
None 12.7 13.6
1 71.1 72.1
2 12.6 11.3
3 2.8 2.4
4 0.6 0.5
5 and above 0.2 0.1
HHs (in %)
Households by Ownership Status India
Ownership Status of Census House Urban Slum
Owned 69.2 70.2
Rented 27.5 26.3
Others 3.3 3.5
HHs (in %)
Source of Drinking Water India
Source of drinking water Urban Slum
1. Tap 70.6 74.0
From treated source 62.0 65.3
From untreated source 8.6 8.7
2. Well 6.2 3.0
3. Hand pump 11.9 12.7
4. Tube well / Borehole 8.9 7.6
5. Other sources 2.5 2.8
HHs (in %)
Waiting for Water Supply
Location of Drinking Water Source India
Location Urban Slum
1. Within premises 71.2 56.7
2. Outside premises 28.8 43.3
HHs (in %)
Slum HHs by
Location
Drinking
Water Source
(Within
premises)
Source of Lighting India
Source of lighting Urban Slum
1. Electricity 92.7 90.5
2. Kerosene 6.5 8.2
3. Solar 0.2 0.3
4. Other oil 0.1 0.2
5. Any other 0.2 0.2
6. No lighting 0.3 0.5
HHs (in %)
Slum HHs
by Fuel
Used for
Cooking
(LPG/PNG)
Availability of Bathing Facility within Premises - India
Bathing Facility Urban Slum
1. Have facility 87.0 81.0
(a) Bathroom 77.5 66.6
(b) Enclosure without roof 9.5 14.5
2. Does not have facility 13.0 19.0
HHs (in %)
Drainage Connectivity for Waste Water
Outlet India
Drainage connectivity Urban Slum
1. Closed drainage 44.5 36.9
2. Open drainage 37.3 44.3
3. No drainage 18.2 18.8
HHs (in %)
Type of Latrine Facility India
Type of latrine Urban Slum
1. Latrine within the premises 81.4 66.0
(a) Water closet 72.6 57.7
(b) Pit latrine 7.1 6.2
Other latrine 1.7 2.2
2. No latrine within premises 18.6 34.0
(a) Public latrine 6.0 15.1
(b) Open 12.6 18.9
HHs (in %)
Availability of Kitchen India
Availability of kitchen Urban Slum
Total 100.0 100.0
1. Cooking inside house: 95.8 94.1
(a) Has kitchen 77.8 65.3
(b) Does not have kitchen 18.0 28.8
2. Cooking outside house 3.7 5.4
(a) Has kitchen 1.6 2.0
(b) Does not have kitchen 2.0 3.4
3. No cooking 0.5 0.5
HHs (in %)
Fuel used for Cooking India
Fuel used for cooking Urban Slum
1. Fire-wood 20.1 25.8
2. Crop residue 1.4 1.6
3. Cow dung cake 1.7 2.1
4. Coal, Lignite, Charcoal 2.9 3.9
5. Kerosene 7.5 14.0
6. LPG/ PNG 65.0 51.3
7. Electricity 0.1 0.1
8. Biogas 0.4 0.5
9. Any other 0.2 0.3
10. No cooking 0.5 0.5
HHs (in %)
Households Availing Banking Services
India
Availing Banking Services Urban Slum
1. Availing 67.8 53.2
2. Not availing 32.2 46.8
HHs (in %)
Household Possessing Various Assets
India
Asset Urban Slum
1. Radio/Transistor 25.3 18.7
2. Television 76.7 69.6
3. Computer 18.7 10.4
With Internet 8.3 3.3
Without Internet 10.4 7.1
HHs (in %)
Household Possessing Various Assets
India
Asset Urban Slum
5. Telephone 82.0 72.7
Landline only 5.9 4.4
Mobile only 64.3 63.5
Both 11.7 4.8
6. Bicycle 41.9 40.2
7. Scooter/Motor Cycle/Moped 35.2 22.0
8. Car/Jeep/Van 9.7 3.6
9. None of the specified assets 7.0 10.7
HHs (in %)
63.5% HHs in
Slums in India
has Mobile
Slum HHs
Having None
of the
Specified
Assets
Life in a Slum
Life in a Slum
THANK YOU
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