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  • Treatment & Management of Diabetes

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    akupunada
    123 tayangan9 halaman
    This document discusses the classification and mechanisms of action of various oral hypoglycemic drugs used to treat diabetes mellitus type 2. It outlines drugs that stimulate insulin release such as sulfonylureas and meglitinides. It also discusses biguanides like metformin that increase insulin sensitivity, as well as alpha-glucosidase inhibitors that modify intestinal carbohydrate absorption. Specific drugs, their mechanisms, uses, adverse effects and contraindications are described for sulfonylureas, meglitinides and biguanides. The document stresses the importance of lifestyle management, education, and self-monitoring in diabetes treatment.

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    This document discusses the classification and mechanisms of action of various oral hypoglycemic drugs used to treat diabetes mellitus type 2. It outlines drugs that stimulate insulin release such as sulfonylureas and meglitinides. It also discusses biguanides like metformin that increase insulin sensitivity, as well as alpha-glucosidase inhibitors that modify intestinal carbohydrate absorption. Specific drugs, their mechanisms, uses, adverse effects and contraindications are described for sulfonylureas, meglitinides and biguanides. The document stresses the importance of lifestyle management, education, and self-monitoring in diabetes treatment.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    123 tayangan9 halaman

    Treatment & Management of Diabetes

    Diunggah oleh

    akupunada
    This document discusses the classification and mechanisms of action of various oral hypoglycemic drugs used to treat diabetes mellitus type 2. It outlines drugs that stimulate insulin release such as sulfonylureas and meglitinides. It also discusses biguanides like metformin that increase insulin sensitivity, as well as alpha-glucosidase inhibitors that modify intestinal carbohydrate absorption. Specific drugs, their mechanisms, uses, adverse effects and contraindications are described for sulfonylureas, meglitinides and biguanides. The document stresses the importance of lifestyle management, education, and self-monitoring in diabetes treatment.

    Hak Cipta:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Unduh sebagai PPTX, PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    dari 9

    Classification of Oral Hypoglycemic

    Drugs
    Stimulate insulin release
    Sulfonylureas
    Meglitinides
    Increase insulin responsiveness
    Biguanides
    Thiazlidinediones
    Modify Intestinal absorption of carbohydrate
    Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
    Newer drugs
    Amylin analog
    DPP-4 Inhibitors
    Incretin Mimetics
    Sulfanylureas
    Drugs:
    First generation : Tolbutamide
    Shorter duration of action
    Second generation:Glyburide
    Longer duration of action
    Are 100 times more potent vs first generation

    Mechanism of Action

    Stimulates insulin release from
    pancreatic B cells
    Blocks ATP dependent K+
    channel of pancreatic B cells
    opening of Ca2+ channels
    secretion of insulin
    Uses:
    Are used in diabetes mellitus type 2
    Are ineffective in absolute deficiency of insulin
    production
    In type 1 diabetes or post-pancreatoctomy
    Adverse Effects
    Weight gain
    Hyperinsulinemia Hypoglycemia
    Contraindications
    Hepatic & renal insufficiency
    Pregnancy
    Biguanides
    Drugs
    Metformin
    Is antihyperglycemic , does not cause hypoglycemia in large
    doses
    Promotes weight loss in patients with obesity type 2 diabetes
    mellitus
    Mechanism of Action

    Decrease hepatic glucose production (gluconeogesis)
    Activating liver enzyme-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMP
    kinase)
    Improve insulin sensitivity in periphery (insulin
    sensitizer)
    Decrease intestinal absorption of glucose

    Uses
    Drug of choice for newly diagnosed tyoe 2 diabetics
    Prevents the new onset of type 2 diabetes in prediabetic
    Middle aged person
    Obese persons
    Adverse Effects
    Diarrhea & dyspepsia
    Lactic Acidosis
    Contraindications:
    Heart failure
    Kidney disoreders
    Lung disease
    Liver disease


    Management
    individual nutritional requirements and meal
    planning
    type and extent of exercise and physical activity
    improvements in lifestyle, for example harmful effects
    of smoking, obesity and alcohol intake
    self-monitoring and significance of results and actions
    to be taken
    Education
    how to cope with emergencies (illness, hypoglycaemia)
    how to avoid complications and detect them at an early
    stage, e.g. how to take care of the feet

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