Scotland

Scotland is occupying the

northern third of the British
island and it is mainly divided
into three different parts, called
Highlands, Central Lowlands
and Southern Uplands.
25 kilometres north of Edinburgh, Dunfermline, the ancient
capital of Scotland, boasts a famous ancient abbey and a
lovely park. It lies on the northern side of the Firth of Forth,
at the southern gateway to the Scottish Highlands.
DUNFERMLINE
EDINBURGH
Built on extinct volcanoes and enveloped by rolling hills, lakes and forests,
Edinburgh invites exploration. The city's layout is linear, down which the Royal
Mile descends to the palace of Holyroodhouse. North of this lies a shallow valley
holding the Princes Street Gardens, with Waverley Station, the city's railroad
station. Above the gardens is Edinburgh's main street, Princes Street, from which
to view the castle and Old Edinburgh.
For the Scots, William Wallace was an
exemplar of unbending commitment to
Scotlands independence who died a martyr
to the cause:
For so long as one hundred men remain
alive, will not shall under any conditions
submit to the domination of the English. I t is
not for glory or riches or honours that we
fight, but only for liberty, which no good man
will consent to lose but with his life.
The Declaration of Arbroath, 1320
WILLIAM WALLACE
MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS
Mary Queen of Scots was one of the
most fascinating and controversial
monarchs of 16th century Europe. Her
physical beauty and kind heart were
acknowledged by her enemies. Yet she
lacked the political skills to rule in
Scotland. She fled to England in 1568,
hoping for the help of her cousin,
Elizabeth I. Her presence was dangerous
for the English queen. She was executed
in 1587, only forty-four years old.
One of the captains of industry of 19th century America, Andrew
Carnegie helped build the formidable American steel industry, a
process that turned a poor young man into one of the richest
entrepreneurs of his age. Later in his life, Carnegie sold his steel
business and systematically gave his collected fortune away to cultural,
educational and scientific institutions for "the improvement of
mankind."
In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. Bells first
prototype consisted of a thin sheet of metal held in front of an
electromagnet. Electric currents were transmitted to a telephone in
another room along a wire. His assistant Watson heard Bell shouting, ''Mr
Watson, come here I want you''. The first conversation took place between
London and Europe in 1891.
BAGPIPES
The Highland Bagpipes are blown
by mouth. The modern bags are
made sometimes from leather,
rubber. The pipes are now made of
hardwood. The melody is played on
one mouthpiece pipe (the chanter)
which has finger holes, the other
pipes (up to six) are called the
Drones. There are two types of
music: the march, strathspey and
reel variety, which were composed
for dancing or for armies; the other
the ceol mor or great pibroch (The
salute, The Gathering and The
Lament) which are the symphony
music of the pipes.
HAGGIS
The haggis is a traditional
Scottish dish, memorialised as the
national dish by Robert Burns
poem Address to a Haggis in 1787.
It contains sheep's heart, liver
and lungs, minced with onion,
oatmeal, suet, spices and salt,
mixed with stock, and simmered
in the animal's stomach for three
hours. Haggis is traditionally
served with "neeps and tatties"
(Scots: swede, yellow turnip and
potatoes, boiled and mashed
separately) and a "dram" (i.e. a
glass of Scotch whisky), especially
as the main course of a Burns
supper.
THE SCOTS LANGUAGE
Scots (Scoats
leid/Lallans) is a
Germanic language
closely related to English
and spoken by about 1.5
million people in
Scotland. Scots is
descended from the
language of the Angles
who settled in northern
Britain, in an area known
as Northumbria and
southern Scotland, in the
5th century AD.
Traditional
Scottish
Traditional Scottish kilt
dress or sites are ancient
tradition, first mentioned
under this name appeared in
the late 1530, but parts of
kilt known long before, such
as tartan (plaid is the pattern
printed on fabric of which
the kilt is made, this model is
different from family to
family. tartan most famous
models are Douglas
Campbell MacDonald Fraser
MacLeod, etc). Initially, the
kilt consists of a long blanket
wrapped around the waist
and thrown over the
shoulder, but utility and
fashion have said the word,
leading to "skirt" the well-
known today.

The End
Project by:
Zaharia Maria
Ungurean Georgiana
Bahnaru Denisa
Maruneac Nicoleta
Maruneac Vasilic
Pcurar Alex