English Alive

Senior High School

Grade X
1
Nama Kelompok:
1.Ela Destiana
2.Firda Aini Shifa
3.Rozalina
4.idiati
Kelas !4
Leisure Time
Learning Goals

Telling recount

Responding to notice

Making shopping list

Offering, accepting , and

refusing helps

Asking for and giving

opinion
Grammar

Modal Auxiliaries
(CanCould,
Ma!Might"

Adver#ial Clause
UNIT 4
Starting Up
1. Tick () the activities to do in leisure time!
Shopping
doing exercises
Reading novels
Eating out
Studying the lesson
Watching TV
Seeing movies
Attending parties
Listening to music
Playing games
2. Look at the pictures. Which do ou like !est to do in
our leisure time" Wh"
#. In our last leisure time$ %hat did ou do" When" With %hom"
4a Shopping
Listening & Speaking
1. Listen to the recorder. You will hear two conversation. What
are the people buying? Tick ()
perfume t-shirt chocolate
a mini disc recorder gloves coffe
toothpaste boots soap
hair tonic grapes wallet
&rammar !odal "#an$ #ould$ !ay$ !ight%
'(pression As&ing 'or and (''ering )elp
2. ow! listen to your teacher telling his or her e"perience o#
shopping in a traditional $arket. %o$plete the shopping list below&
'. (air work. )ake two conversation based on the shopping list
above. Your conversation $ay be like this*
)hoppin* List

*+ ,ish
-+ Spinach
.+ ////
0+ ////
1+ ////
2+ ////
3+ ////
4+ ////
* 5ilogram
a 6unch
/////++
/////++
/////++
/////++
/////++
/////++
A: Hey, Kenji. You shopped in a traditional market this morning, didnt you?
What did you buy?
B: bought a kilo o! !ish and a bun"h o! spina"h.
4. +er,orm our conversation %ith our partner. Take
turns.
-. &roup %ork. Look at the photos. .iscuss %hat ou
can !u in each place.
Speaking
6. Practice the dialogs below with a partner. Then discuss what
they talk about.
Dialog 1
#rit$ : %&"use me. ! you like "ould help you, 'ir.
(r. Bro)n : *h, thank you.
#rit$ : +et me help you push your "ar.
(r. Bro)n : ,hanks- "ant mo.e it.
Dialog 2
/lenn : You look so busy, Ale&. 0eed some help?
Ale& : 0o, dont bother, really. "an manage it mysel!.
Dialog 3
(r. 'imon : %&"use me, (r. ,eddy. (ay be o! assistan"e?
(r. ,eddy : *h, thank you. Yes. )anted to en1uire about ordering in bulk.
(r. 'imon : Well. +et me assist you then.

/,,erin* a 0elp
1cceptin* a 0elp
2e,usin* a 0elp
+
3ommunication )teps
Formal:
+et me help you 2
! you like, "ould 2
What "an do to help 2?
Would you like any help 2?
s there anything "an do 2?
(ay be o! assistan"e?
3erhaps "ould assist in some )ay?
Informal :
0eed some help?
Here, ll do it !or you.
Want a hand 2?
Formal :
,hanks you.
,hats .ery kind o! you.
d be delighted i! 2
,hat is e&tremely kind o! you 2
Informal :
4heers.
,hanks.
+o.ely.
0o, thanks.
0o, really. "an manage.
,hank you !or o!!ering, but2
0o, dont bother, really.
7. Pair work. Make dialog based on the situation, below. When you
finish, act it out with your partner.
n a bookstore you seem "on!used not !inding the book you need. A shop assistan"e
approa"hes you and o!!er you a help to !ind the book you need. You are delight!ul to a""ept
the o!!er.
n a bakery you meet a !riend o! you be"ome a shop assistan"e. He or she o!!ers you a help
to !ind a deli"ious "ake. You are delight!ul to a""ept the o!!er.
n a bouti1ue you are looking !or some "lothes. You seem "on!used to !ind the suitable
"lothes. A shop assistan"e approa"hes you and o!!er you a help to !ind them, but you "an
manage it yoursel!.
4. )tud this e(planation !elo% care,ull
&rammar
5odal 1u(iliaries (3an63ould$ 5a65i*ht)
1. Can
a. Ability
He can drive a
car
b. #ormal
permission
Can I go now?

2. Could
a. 3ast Ability
My father could play tennis when he was
young.
b. (ore polite )ay o! asking permission
Could you help me now?
d. +ittle 3ossibility
He could be at home now, but he usually
plays badminton in the afternoon.
3. May
a. 3robability
He may be at home now.
b. #ormal permission
May I go now?
". Wish
May God bless you.
4. Might
a. 3ast o! may
He thought that she might be late.
b. 3ossibility
Please give his boo bac, he might
need it.
7. 8ill in the !lanks %ith 9can: or 9could:.
5. 2he understand )hat you )ere talking about?
6. (y sister 2 play tennis no).
7. 2 )alk )hen )as less than year old.
8. 9polite:2 you tell me )hat time it is, please?
;. (y grand!ather 2 )alk )ithout any help last night.
<. 2 play the piano.
=. Ho) long2 you dri.e?
>. 2 help you later.
?. 4an you help me? 2 ne.er understand this.
5@. 2. Human li.e !ore.er one day? ans7er
1;. 8ill in the !lanks %ith 9can: or 9mi*ht:.
5. Ale& 2 study in the library tonight.
6. Anne 2 go bo)ling ne&t )eek.
7. 'te.e 2 gol! )ith +uis tomorro).
8. Wilma 2 .isit her son ne&t year.
;. .an 2 trans!er to the uni.ersity ne&t year.
<. +orraine 2 get a ne) job soon.
=. Wei 2 jog on the bea"h later.
>. 'omaly 2 mo.e to 'ignal Hill ne&t month.
?. 'ophorn 2 "ook dinner !or her !riends tomorro).
5@. 4hanbory 2 go out to dinner )ith her !amily this )eekend.
11. Which one (s) are the permission(s)"
5. 4an you pass the pepper?
6. 4ould you pass the salt 9please:?
7. 4an borro) your pen?
8. 4ould you lend me a ja"ket 9please:?
;. ,hey "an play !ootball in break time.
<. 4ould you get me a "up o! tea please?
=. (ay borro) your book?
>. (ay ha.e a "up o! tea?
?. ,hey might "ome here tomorro).
5@. (ight you "ome sent the par"el soon?
55. you may go home i! the )eather is bad
56. t might be good to )ork early in the morning
57. 4ould you please open the )indo)?
58. We might get the same problem in li!e
5;. *nly employee "an enter the !a"tory
5<. 'omeone might gi.e you a ride on the street
5=. 4ould you tell me )hat time it is?
5>. 'he may not go out in the late night
5?. You "annot say that again
6@. ,ea"her might pay attention to the student
12. 2ead the notices. <ou usuall ,ind them in a supermarket or
mall. 1ns%er the =uestions that ,ollo%+
8uestions
What does each notice mean9
What are the other notice you may 'ind in a mall store9 Write them do7n:
2eadin*
1;> /,,
8or 1ll Items!
?reakin* means
pain*!
)hop li,ter %ill !e
persecuted!
?e%are$
camera on!
1#. 2ead the te(t care,ull. )tud its *eneric structures.
(rientation
Past tense
Re;orientation
*n 'unday )ent do)n to)n to do some shopping in one o!
the best shopping "enters. t is "alled Aitun (aret.
bought a lot o! thingsB sna"k, health produ"t, and some
"lothes. )as .ery happy be"ause that day e.erything )as 6@C o!!.
spent around ;@@ thousand rupiahs.
Records o' Event
Personal attitude
A!ter about an hour )as )ondering in, de"ided to lea.e
and )ent to a restaurant nearby to ha.e lun"h. ordered my lun"h
and !or the desert had some i"e "ream. enjoyed my meals and
asked !or the "he"k. Did you kno) )hat happened? )as so
surprised )hen tried to get my )allet in my ba"kpa"k. "ould
not !ind it, it )as stolen
Se<uence ma&er
!elt so stupid and did no) kno) )hat to do ne&t.
#ortunately, still kept some in the po"ket o! my shirt. Esing the
payphone a.ailable there, tried to "all my parents at home.
#ortunately they )ere at home on promised to "ome soon. 0o
more than 6@ minutes, they got in. ,hen the "he"k )as paid. A!ter
that, )e )ent home )ith some goods in my shopping bag.
)as so relie.ed and promised to mysel! that should be
more "are!ul in lots o! )ays.
*0+ #hoose the 6est ans7er 6ased on the text+
*% The communication purpose o' the text is to tell a6out the 7riter=s / on shopping+
a+ exciting experience d+ 6oring experience
6+ em6arrassing experience e+ interesting experience
c+ 'rightening experience
-% Why 7as the 7riter so surprised9 >ecause/
a+ he 'orgot to 6ring his 7allet d+ he lost his 7allet
6+ he didn=t have any money e+ he stole a 7allet
c+ he spent to much money
.% )o7 could the 7riter pay the chec&9
a+ his parent paid it 'or him d+ he got money 'rom his poc&et
6+ he o7ed some money e+ he got money 'rom an AT!
c+ he had stolen a 7allet
0% Which statement is incorrect9
a+ the 7riter thought himsel' that he 7as careless
6+ his money le't 7as not enough to pay the chec&
c+ there 7as discount price in Vitun !aret
d+ the phone availa6le in the shopping center 7as not 'ree
e+ actually$ the 7riter 7as a stupid 6oy
4b $ Like to %ee Movies, too!
&rammar Adver6ial #lause
'(pression As&ing 'or some=s (pinion
Listenin* and )peakin*
1. Listen to our teacher tellin* ou the short descriptions
o, some movies. &ive tick () to the suita!le %ords to
descri!e them.
*+ scary 'unny romantic 8uarantine
-+ violent thrilling heart7arming Transporter .
.+ 'unny sad exciting
Vertigo
0+ romantic 'rightening thrilling
?one 7ith the
Wind
1+ sad exciting violent
>ed Time stories
2. +air %ork. 1sk and ans%er %ith a ,riend a!out the movies
!elo%. 8ollo% the e(ample.
%&ample: F : What do you think o! 2?
A : think 2

1skin* ,or )omeone@s /pinion

3ommunication )teps
+
Formal:
What do you think about 2
%&"use me, )hat do you !eel about 2?
What are your .ie)s 2?
What is opinion o! 2?
What are you !eeling about 2?
Informal :
What about 2?
Ho)d you !eel about 2?
Ho)d you see 2?
&ivin* /pinion
Formal :
As see it 2
n my .ie)Gopinion, 2
3ersonally, !eel 2
t seems to me 2
Well, must say 2
Dont you think 2?
As !ar as m "on"erned 2
Informal :
4heers.
,hanks.
+o.ely.
)ain* ou have no opinion
Formal :
really dont ha.e any opinion about2
really "ould not say 2
ha.e no strong !eeling about 2
really dont kno) )hat to say.
really dont kno) )hat to think
about2
Informal :
Your guess is as good as mine.
dont kno).
0o opinion.
#. 5ake conversations !ased on the ,ollo%in* situations.
Then$ per,orm them %ith a ,riend. )tud the e(amples !elo%.
Examples:
5. 3erson 5 : What do you think o! this mat"h?
3erson 6 : think it is a big and attra"ti.e mat"h.
7. 3erson 5 : %&"use me, do you kno) ho) "an get to %mpire 65 !rom 65 !rom here?
3erson 6 : think the best )ay is to take +ine 5;.
;. 3erson 5 : %&"use me, (adam, but "ould you tell me )hat you think o! )hoosh )ashing po)der?
3erson 6 : really dont ha.e any opinion about it, m a!raid.
=. 3erson 5 : Ho)d you see to )in the ele"tion ?
3erson 6 : Your guess is as good as mine.
@our are having tal& 7ith your classmate
in the school canteen+ @ou as& 'or hisAher
vie7 a6out the development o' the
national 'ilm in our country+ )eAshe
opinion a6out this+
@our school has announced the
introduction o' earlier school hours+ @our
'riend as& 'or your opinion a6out this+
@ou say that you have no opinion+
S
itu
a
tio
n

*
S
itu
a
tio
n

-
4. 2ead the te(t care,ull. )tud the te(t structures.
(rientation
Personal attitude
sa) a horror !ilm at /ala&y "inema last night. t )as H 3ulau Hantu I
playing on. read the poster on ne)spaper yesterday. t made me "urious to see
the !ilm.

Record o' Event
)ent to the "inema alone. )ent there by a bi"y"le. )as >.@@ )hen
arri.ed there. ,here had been many people 1ueuing up to get the ti"kets.
Past Tense "ame into the "inema a!ter soon a!ter got my ti"ket. had my seat on the
!ore!ront. And at >.7@ the mo.ie )as played on.
Se<uence ma&er
A!ter the mo.ie )as o.er, le!t the "inema 1ui"kly. (y )at"h sho)ed 55.7@
p.m. as got on my bi"y"le. pedaled hard on my bi"y"le and )as soon speeding
home. (y thought )ent ba"k to the mo.ie had just seen. t )as a s"ary story.
"ould remember "learly a )oman s"reaming as she )as being atta"hed by a ghost.
'omeho) that !right!ul s"ene stayed in my mind. And "ould not !orget it.
,he road )as dark and 1uiet. had to pass a gra.eyard on the )ay home. As
approa"hed the gra.eyard, heard some sounds behind me. )as !rightened and
began to "y"le !aster. ,he sound "ame nearer and nearer. ,hen heard a !amiliar
.oi"e "alling me. looked ba"k and sa) Hadi, my "lassmate. He had also seen the
mo.ie and )as !rightened too. He had "y"led a!ter me so that he )ould not be
alone. Both o! us laughed out loud o.er our beha.ior.
Re;orientation
)e )ent home together. We pedaled our bi"y"le "almly. We both
)ere not s"ared any more.
-. 2ead the te(t once more. Identi, and re%rite the other se=uence
maker and adAectives !elon*in* to personal attitude ,rom the te(t.
.iscuss their meanin*s.
Se<uence ma&er; !eaning Personal Attitude ; !eaning
*+
-+
.+
0+
1+
2+
3+
4+
*+
-+
.+
0+
1+
2+
3+
4+
B. Tick () the correct statements !ased on the
te(t.
5. 9 : t )as a thrilling mo.ie.
6. 9 : Ht made me "urious 2 H t re!ers to the !ilm.
7. 9 : ,he mo.ie played !or three hours.
8. 9 : ,he re"ount tells about the )riters e&perien"e )at"hing a horror !ilm
;. 9 : ,he )riter le!t the "inema 1ui"kly be"ause he )as s"ared.
<. 9 : ,he sound that the )riter heard )as the ghosts s"ream.
=. 9 : ,he s"ene o! the story !rightened him on his )ay home.
>. 9 : ,he )riter sa) the mo.ie )ith his "lassmate, Hadi.
&rammar
C. )tud this e(planation !elo%
care,ull.
1dver!ial 3lause (usin* !e,ore$ a,ter$ %hen$ and %hile)
Study the examples 6elo7
a+ When the 6a6y 7as in his 6ed$ the 6ig sna&e approached him+
"adver6ial clause% "independent clause%
c+ She loc&ed the door to ma&e the gold inside sa'e 6e'ore the 7oman le't the house+
"independent clause% "adver6ial clause%
Botes
. Adver6ial clause are dependent clauses$ 7hich cannot stand alone+ The 6ig sna&e
approached him is independent "main% clause+
. The time introducers o' adver6 clause can 6e put either as the 'irst or second clause
"see example a and 6%+
. The punctuation i' the adver6 clause comes 'irst$ a comma is needed to separate
clauses "see example a%+ C' the adver6 clause comes the second$ a comma is not
necessary " see example 6%+
. Adver6 clauses introduced 6y 6e'ore$ a'ter$ 7hen$ and 7hile are adver6 clause o'
time "meaning that the clauses explain the time o' events%+
Time introducer Example o' adver6 clause !eaning
A'ter
The dog 7as &illed 6y the villagers
a'ter it 7ounded the 6a6y+
After making sure that the situation
7as sa'e$ the thie' entered the
o''ice+
A'ter means happening at
time su6se<uent to a
certain time+
The adver6ial clause can
6e changed into
modi'ying phrase i' the
su6Dects o' 6oth clauses
are the same+
>e'ore
>e'ore he died$ he said some
important 7ords to his children+
>e'ore running to save her li'e$ the
lady shouted loudly$ E)elp me:F
>e'ore means earlier in
time or previously+
Ct can also 6e changed
into modi'ying phrase i'
the su6Dects o' 6oth
clauses are the same+
When
When )as a "hild, C 7ent to the
Dungle 7ith my uncle+
The 7oman 7as happy )hen her
husband )as still ali.e.
When means Eat that
timeF+
While
While she 7as sitting at the porch
o' her house$ a 6ig 'rightening man
came+
The police success'ully caught the
criminal )hile he )as going to es"ape.
While means Eduring that
timeF+
4. Write ten sentences usin* the adver!ial clause.
*+
-+
.+
0+
1+
2+
3+
4+
G+
*H+
7. 3omplete the ,ollo%in* sentences. +a attention
to the tense.
5. +ast month, she !inally graduated !rom the high s"hool be!ore 2
6. When 2, )e !ound a bag )ith mu"h money inside.
7. A!ter 2, ,ony )ent 1ui"kly to the nearest hospital.
8. Andy )as playing !ootball in the ba"kyard )hile 2
;. Be!ore 2, the man )as atta"ked by the tiger )ildly.
<. )as standing at the bus stop )hen 2
=. le!t the "lass a!ter 2
>. Be!ore )orking as a )aiter, 2
?. tom "ame here )hen 2
5@. While )e )ere eating, 2
1;. 3han*e the sentences into modi,in* phrase.
*+ >e'ore she has 6rea&'ast$ she al7ays reads ne7spaper+
-+ A'ter !artha read a 6oo&$ she cleaned the 'loor+
.+ A'ter my 'ather has dinner$ he goes to 6ed+
0+ >e'ore they play the game$ they do the 7arming up+
1+ >e'ore the car crashed the truc&$ it hit the 6oy+
11. )tud this recount te(t. Write the *eneric structure in the !o( !ased
on the te(t ou read.
Writin*
(ne a'ternoon a month ago$ C 7as very hungry+ As C didn=t coo& anything
'or lunch$ C decided to go to a ca'I a6out a hundred meters 'rom my 6oarding
house+
C changed my trousers and shirt then le't 'or the ca'I 6y mysel' 6ecause
my roommate hadn=t come yet 'rom the school+ As soon as C got to the ca'I$ C
ordered the meal 7ith 'resh vegeta6le soup that seemed very delicious in the
hot day$ and also a glass o' iced tea+
When they 7ere served$ C eagerly ate up the meal and soup and dran& the
tea+ C 7as satis'ied and it 7as the time to pay+ C gra66ed my trousers= poc&et
and C 7as shoc&ed+ !y hand didn=t 'eel any 7allet there+ C 'elt so em6arrassed
that C didn=t dare to see the 'aces o' the customers+ !y 6ody stayed still on the
chair and 6egan s7eating+
C tried to control mysel' in 'ront her o' the people+ C collected my courage to
come the cashier to say something+ ,eeling uneasy$ C told her that C le't my
7allet in the other trousers at the 6oarding house and promised to ta&e it and
come 6ac& soon+ Some customers loo&ed at me+ C thought C must hide my 'ace+
She nodded and said it 7as not a matter+ ,inally$ C ran to the house and god
6ac& 7ith the money+ C gave it to her and came out o' the ca'I
What a relie': Such em6arrasing moment must not happen again to me+
0o% could I 0ide 5 8ace
12. Write short description o, t%o movies ou sa%
recentl. 3omplete the chart !elo%.
1.
Title JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
Stars JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
Kirector JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
@our 'eeling JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
Synopsis
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ

JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ

JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ

JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ

JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ

JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ

JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
2.
Title JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
Stars JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
Kirector JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
@our 'eeling JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
Synopsis
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ

JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ

JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ

JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ

JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ

JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ

JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
1#. <ou still remem!er our o%n e(perience %hen ou sa% a
movie recentl$ don@t ou " Write a recount te(t tellin* a!out it.
(rientation
personal attitude
Record o' event
Past tense
Se<uence ma&er
Re;orientation
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
JJJJJ
14. )tud the chain o, letters in the !o(. 5ake 1; sentences ,rom it. 5ind the punctuations. 1rran*e them into a *ood te(t o, recount. The ,irst sentence has !een done.
(nmydayo''i7entdo7nto7ntodosomeshopping7itha'riendDane
She7antedto6uynothing6utaccompaniedme7e7enttooneo'the6estshopping
#e6tersandi6oughtaschool6agshoesandtherschoolsuppliesit7asverycro7ded
Thatday6ecauseit7asthe6eginningo'theschoolyearmanystudents7eregoing
There'orsomeschoolsuppliesispentaroundthreehundredsthousandrupiahs'ortheg
oodsa
A'tertenminuteso'standinginlinetopay'ormygoods7ele'ttheplace7ecalledataresta
urant
TohavelunchipromisedtotreatDanethatday7eordered7hitericeandroastedchi&en'or
our
Lunchandicecreames'orthedesertthe'ood7asverydelicioustheeccream7asreallyn
ice
un'ortunatelyi7assurpriseeda'terthe7aitergavemethechec&'oundthatdidnthaveea
noughmoneyle'tinmy7allet'orthechec&it7asreallyem6arrasingthatihadtoas&Danet
opay'orsomeo'thechec&it7asnotmyluc&yday
on my day o''$ C 7ent do7n to7n to do some shopping 7ith a 'riend
Lane+ JJJ
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
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1-.No%$ chan*e our te(t into a monolo*. Tell it to
our chairDmake. Take turns.
5odal 1u(iliaries (3an$ could$ 5a$ 5i*ht)
1. 5odal au(iliar ver!s *ive more in,ormation a!out the ,unction o, the main ver!
that ,ollo% it.
2. 5odal are al%as ,ollo%ed ! the !ase ,orm o, a ver! or au(iliar ver!.
#. 5odals are al%as the same ,orm no matter %hat the su!Aect is.
4. 5odal 9can: can !e used ,or indicatin* the statements o, a!ilit and permission.
-. 5odal 9could: can !e used ,or indicatin* the statement o, past a!ilit$ polite
permission$ and the little possi!ilit.
B. 5odal 9ma: can !e used ,or indicatin* the statement o, pro!a!ilit$ ,ormal
permission$ and %ish.
C. 5odal 9mi*ht: can !e used ,or indicatin* the past o, modal 9ma: and
possi!ilit statement.
2e,erence
1dver!ial clause
*+ Adver6ial clause are dependent clauses$ 7hich cannot stand alone+
-+ The time introducer o' adver6 clause can 6e put either as the 'irst or second clause+
.+ The punctuation i' the adver6 clause comes 'irst$ a comma is needed to separate clauses+
C' the adver6 clause comes the second$ a comma is not necessary+
0+ Adver6 clauses introduced 6y 6e'ore$ a'ter$ 7hen$ and 7hile are adver6 clause o' time
"meaning that the clauses explain the time o' events%+
2ecount te(t
1+ Ct is text that its communicative purpose is to tell someone=s experiences+
2+ The rhetorical structures o' text recount are orientation$ series or records o' event$ and
reorientation+
3+ The grammatical patterns
Ct uses past tense$ past continuous tense$ past per'ect tense
Ct usually also uses se<uence ma&ers or enumerators 'irst$ second$ then$ a'ter that$
etc+
Ct usually uses adDectives to sho7 personal attitudes 7onder'ul$ happy$ curious$ 'un$
etc+