FEMALE

REPRODUCTIVE
ORGANS
Dr. Indri Seta Septadina, M. Kes
Departemen Anatomi
Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Sriwijaya
2012
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Describe the gross and
microanatomy of the reproductive
systems, with the detailed functions
of the systems.

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.

Organs of the Female Reproductive System
(Fig. 337A)
A. Ovarium
B. Tuba uterina Genitalia Internae
C. Uterus
D. Vagina
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E. Vulva
F. Perineum Genitalia externae
G. Gld. mammae
INTRODUCTION
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Organ kelamin luar wanita memiliki 2 fungsi :
Jalan masuk sperma ke dalam tubuh wanita
Pelindung organ kelamin dalam dari
organisme penyebab infeksi.

Saluran kelamin wanita memiliki lubang yang
berhubungan dengan dunia luar, sehingga
mikroorganisme penyebab penyakit bisa masuk
dan menyebabkan infeksi kandungan.
Mikroorganisme ini biasanya ditularkan melalui
hubungan seksual.
GENITALIA EXTERNAE
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The vulva refers to those
parts that are outwardly
visible

The vulva includes:
Mons pubis
Labia majora
Labia minora
Clitoris
Urethral opening
Vaginal opening
Perineum
Individual
differences in:
Size
Coloration
Shape
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MONS PUBIS
Jaringan lemak dibawah
kulit yg berbentuk
seperti gunung segitiga
Melindungi symphysis
pubis
Pengaruh hormon saat
pubertas menyebabkan
tumbuh rambut
Variasi dalam jumlah,
warna, ketebalan dan
konsistensi (kasar/halus)
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LABIA MAJORA
sama dengan skrotum pada pria
Jaringan kulit yg terdiri dari kelenjar keringat
dan kelenjar sebasea (penghasil minyak) +
rambut
setelah puber, labium mayor akan ditumbuhi
rambut.Referred to as the outer lips
Melindungi introitus vagina dan meatus
urethrae
Cenderung melunak semakin ber++usia
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LABIA MINORA
Referred to as the inner lips
Terdiri dari jaringan erectile, jar.ikat yg akan
berubah warna dan menebal saat
rangsangan seksual
Terletak di sebelah dalam labia mayora
Lebih sensitif dan responsif saat disentuh jk
dibandingkan dgn labia majora
Labia minora tightens during intercourse
Karena kaya akan pembuluh darah, maka
labium minora dan vagina tampak berwarna
pink.


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CLITORIS
Labium minora kiri dan kanan bertemu di depan dan
membentuk klitoris, yang merupakan penonjolan
kecil yang sangat peka (sama dengan penis pada
pria).
Klitoris dibungkus oleh sebuah lipatan kulit yang
disebut preputium (sama dengan kulit depan pada
ujung penis pria).
Klitoris sangat sensitif terhadap rangsangan dan bisa
mengalami ereksi.
Terdiri dari banyak jaringan syaraf, pembuluh darah
dan jaringan erektil
Key to sexual pleasure for most women
Urethral opening is located directly below clitoris

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FEMALE
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VAGINAL OPENING
INTROITUS VAGINAE
Lubang masuk vagina yang dilapisi oleh
lapisan tipis disebut hymen
Keberadaan hymen digunakan untuk
menentukan virginity
Beberapa wanita lahir tanpa hymen
Hymen dapat robek oleh beberapa sebab
selain aktifitas seksual
Kekuatan himen pada setiap wanita
bervariasi, karena itu pada saat pertama kali
melakukan hubungan seksual, himen bisa
robek atau bisa juga tidak.

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PERINEUM
Jaringan fibromuskuler diantara vagina
dan anus.
Kulit yang membungkus perineum dan labium
mayo sama dengan kulit di bagian tubuh
lainnya
Melindungi bagian bawah dari organ urinarius
dan tractus digestivus
Terdiri dari banyak jaringan syaraf tepi sensitif
bila tersentuh
Lokasi episiotomy saat proses melahirkan
untuk memperlebar jalan lahir
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INTERNAL GENITALIA
The internal genitalia consists of the:
Vagina
Cervix
Uterus
Fallopian Tubes
Ovaries
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VAGINA
Thin-walled tube that connects the cervix to the
external genitals
It is located between the bladder and rectum

It functions :
As a passageway for the menstrual flow for uterine
secretions to pass down through the introitus
As the birth canal during labor
Organ of copulation (With the help of two
Bartholins glands becomes lubricated during
sexual intercourse)

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VAGINA
Wall consists of three coats: fibroelastic
adventitia, smooth muscle muscularis,
and a stratified squamous mucosa
Mucosa near the vaginal orifice forms an
incomplete partition called the hymen
Vaginal fornix upper end of the vagina
surrounding the cervix
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CERVIX
The cervix connects the uterus to the
vagina
The cervical opening to the vagina is
small (this acts as a safety precaution
against foreign bodies entering the uterus)
During childbirth, the cervix dilates to
accommodate the passage of the fetus
This dilation is a sign that labor has begun
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UTERUS
Commonly referred to as the womb
A pear shaped organ about the size of a
clenched fist
It is made up of the endometrium,
myometrium and perimetrium
Consists of blood-enriched tissue that sloughs
off each month during menstrual cycle
The powerful muscles of the uterus expand to
accommodate a growing fetus and push it
through the birth canal

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UTERUS Located in the pelvis anterior to the
rectum and posterosuperior to the bladder

Parts of uterus :
Corpus major portion of the uterus
Fundus rounded region superior
to the entrance of the uterine tubes
Isthmus narrowed region between
the body and cervix
Cervix
Cervical glands secrete mucus that
covers the external os and blocks sperm
entry except during midcycle

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Supports of the Uterus
Mesometrium portion of the broad ligament
that supports the uterus laterally
Lateral cervical ligaments extend from the
cervix and superior part of the vagina to the
lateral walls of the pelvis
Uterosacral ligaments (cardinal) paired
ligaments that secure the uterus to the
sacrum
Round ligaments bind the anterior wall to
the labia majora
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Peritoneal Pouches

Several cul-de-sacs of peritoneum exist
around the uterus
Vesicouterine pouch lies between the
bladder and the uterus
Rectouterine pouch lies between the
rectum and the uterus
Uterine Wall (Fig. 346B)

Composed of three layers
Perimetrium outermost serous layer;
the visceral peritoneum
Myometrium middle layer; interlacing
layers of smooth muscle
Endometrium mucosal lining of the
uterine cavity
Endometrium (Fig. 346B)
Has numerous uterine glands that change in
length as the endometrial thickness changes
Stratum functionalis:
Undergoes cyclic changes in response to
ovarian hormones
Is shed during menstruation
Stratum basalis:
Forms a new functionalis after
menstruation ends
Does not respond to ovarian hormones
Uterine Vascular Supply (Fig. 375B)

Uterine arteries arise from the internal
iliacs, ascend the sides of the uterus and
send branches into the uterine wall
Arcuate arteries branches of the uterine
arteries in the myometrium that give rise to
radial branches
Radial branches descend into the
endometrium and give off:
Spiral arteries to the stratum
functionalis
Straight arteries to the stratum basalis
Uterine Vascular Supply (Fig. 375B)

Degeneration and regeneration of spiral
arteries causes the functionalis to shed
during menstruation
Veins of the endometrium are thin-walled
with occasional sinusoidal enlargements
FALLOPIAN TUBES
(TUBA UTERINA)
Serve as a pathway for the ovum to the uterus
Are the site of fertilization by the male sperm
Expand distally around the ovary forming the
Ampulla
The ampulla ends in the funnel-shaped,
ciliated infundibulum containing fingerlike
projections called fimbriae



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Uterine Tubes
The uterine tubes have no contact with the
ovaries and the ovulated oocyte is cast into
the peritoneal cavity
Beating cilia on the fimbriae create currents
to carry the oocyte into the uterine tube
The oocyte is carried toward the uterus by
peristalsis and ciliary action
Nonciliated cells keep the oocyte and the
sperm nourished and moist
Mesosalpinx visceral peritoneum that
supports the uterine tubes
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OVARIES
The female gonads or sex glands
They develop and expel an ovum each
month
A woman is born with approximately 400,000
immature eggs called follicles
During a lifetime a woman release @ 400 to
500 fully matured eggs for fertilization
The follicles in the ovaries produce the female
sex hormones, progesterone and estrogen
These hormones prepare the uterus for
implantation of the fertilized egg
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BREASTS
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Organs of sexual arousal
Contain mammary glands
Consist of connective tissue
that serves as support
Each breast contain 15-25
clusters called lobes
Each lobule is connected
by ducts that open into the
nipples
The nipples are made up of
erectile tissue
The pigmented around the
nipples are called the
areola
Breast size is determined
primarily by heredity
Size also depends on
the existing fat and
glandular tissue
Breasts may exhibit
cyclical changes,
including increased
swelling and tenderness
prior to menstruation
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