DEBANSHU GHOSH

AEIE BATCH [ F-Y ]

ROLL NO. : 40

Introduction
Working
Types
Applications
Advantages
Disadvantages
References
Optical fibers are
long, thin strands of
very pure glass
usually 120 m in
diameter. They are
arranged in bundles
called optical cables
and used to transmit
light signals over long
distances.


Core thin glass center of the fiber where
light travels.
Cladding outer optical material
surrounding the core.
Buffer Coating plastic
coating that protects
the fiber.
Total Internal Reflection

The angle of the light
is always greater than
the critical angle.
Cladding does not
absorb any light from
the core.
The extent that the
signal degrades
depends upon the
purity of the glass and
the wavelength of the
transmitted light.




Optical Receiver

Optical Regenerator

Optical Fiber
Transmitter
Optical fibers come in two types:

Single-mode fibers

Multi-mode fibers

1. Step Indexed
2. Graded Indexed

Single-mode fibers
are used to transmit
one signal per fiber
(used in telephone
and cable TV). They
have small core (9
microns in diameter)
and transmit infra-red
light from laser.

Multi-mode fibers are
used to transmit
many signals per fiber
(used in computer
networks). They have
larger cores (62.5
microns in diameter)
and transmit infra-red
light from LED.
Signals with different
wavelengths are
combined, transmitted
together, and separated
again.
Several optical signals
are combined,
transmitted together, and
separated again based
on different arrival times.
Carry plain old telephone service (POTS)
For transmission of data
Transmitting broadband signals
In the biomedical industry
Non-Communication Applications
(sensors etc)




Less Expensive
Enormous Potential Bandwidth
High Carrying Capacity
Less Signal Degradation
Electrical Isolation
Low Power
Signal Security
Small Size & Light Weight
System Reliability & Ease of Maintenance
Ruggedness & Flexibility
Low Transmission Loss
Fiber optics are that the cables are
expensive to install.
The termination of a fiber optic cable is
complex and requires special tools.
They are more fragile than coaxial cable.


What can fiber optics do for us in the future?
Improve our communication
Faster internet connection
What would the Internet look like if this could
happen?
Streaming capabilities
Download capabilities
What is being done to make this transition
happen?
Government action
Private Companies at work



1. http://www.authorstream.com/
2. http://www.howstuffworks.com/
3. http://www.wikipedia.com/
4. http://www.osun.com/