fluidized solids, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. Ball Valve Butterfly Valve Gate Valve Globe Valve Check Valve Type Working Ball Designed primarily for on/off service. These valves contain a ball with a hole through it. A handle or electric actuator rotates the ball 90, turning the flow on or off. Used where less pressure drop is required. Can be good for flow carrying solids (prevents damage to the seat) Butterfly Used for isolating or regulating flow. The closing mechanism takes the form of a disk. They are generally used for handling large flows of gases or liquids, including slurries, but should not be used for throttling for extended periods of time. Type Working Gate Used to fully stop or fully permit flow Not practical for throttling the flow because:- 1. It is difficult to know how open or closed the valve is. 2. Partially open gates set up vibrations that can damage the valve Type Working Globe Seat of a globe valve is parallel to the flow path. All contact between seat and disc ends when flow begins. Efficient for throttling of flow with minimum erosion Perform well where frequent operation is required Maintenance is easier than gate valves, often without removing the valve from the line Type Working Check Check valves prevent the backflow of the carried fluid, i.e., they are one way valves. The disc may be seated by gravity, by the fluid itself if it attempts to reverse, or sometimes by a piston or spring.
SOLENOID AND FAIL-SAFE VALVES A solenoid is a coil wound into a tightly packed helix, often wrapped around a metallic core, which produces a magnetic field when an electric current is passed through it. As they can produce controlled magnetic field, they can be used as electromagnets. A solenoid valve is an electromechanically operated valve which is controlled by an electric current through a solenoid. Two Port Valve: Flow is switched on/off Three Port Valve: The outflow is switched between the two outlet ports They are used for fast and safe operation in a process. Direct Acting Valve Diaphragm Piloted Valve A- Input side B- Diaphragm C- Pressure chamber D- Pressure relief passage E- Solenoid F- Output side Control valves that revert to a predetermined position after the actuating force is removed. They can be of two types:- Fail Open/ Air to Close Fail Close/ Air to Open
In the event of a plant instrument air failure it is important that all control valves fail in a safe position (e.g. an exothermic reactor's feed should fail closed (air to open) and its coolant system valves fail open (air to close)) Thank You