ENSC 427 - Communication Networks

Spring 2013

Project URL:
http://www.sfu.ca/~jpa30/
Hamidreza Haghshenas
Jeff Priest
Filip Zivkovic


Brief Overview
Introduction to LTE and WiMAX
Streaming Multimedia and Streaming
Protocols
Implementation Details
Simulations and Results
Conclusions
Q&A
References
Brief Overview
Introduction to LTE and WiMAX
Streaming Multimedia and Streaming
Protocols
Implementation Details
Simulations and Results
Conclusions
Q&A
References
Why Test Video and Voice?
High versus Low Throughput
Vary the amounts of traffic.

Both use UDP, which is a simpler
protocol than TCP.
Thus, less changing variables.


LTE (long-term evolution)
Increased capacity and speed via new
DSP techniques
Reduced latency
IP-based network
Available in December of 2009
Packet-switching protocol vs circuit-
switching in GSM

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for
Microwave Access)
Wireless communications standard
Provides wireless broadband access
Alternative to
Cable / DSL
Easy to deploy in
remote locations
Brief Overview
Introduction to LTE and WiMAX
Streaming Multimedia and Streaming
Protocols
Implementation Details
Simulations and Results
Conclusions
Q&A
References
Streaming Multimedia
Applies to telecommunication networks (as
opposed to TV / Radio / etc)
Internet television (VoD over IP)
Real-time text updates (stock tickers, closed
captioning, etc)
Live streaming (Conferences, gaming,
presentations, etc)
VoIP (proprietary vs. session-based)

SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)
Application layer signaling protocol
Communication sessions for voice and
video calls over IP (TCP / UDP / etc)
Video conferencing, IM, File Transfers,
Online Games
Similar to HTTP (request / response
model)
URI: sip:username:password@host:port


RTP and RTCP
Real-time Transport [Control] Protocol
RTP carries the data and RTCP gives
asynchronous connection metrics (QoS)
End-to-end transfer of stream data
Typically runs over UDP
Makes use of SIP and RTSP (and SDP)
to set up the connection between end
points

RTSP
Real-time Transport Streaming Protocol
Establishes and controls media sessions
between end points (similar to SIP)
Typically uses RTP (and RTCP) as the
actual transport medium
Contains directives such as PLAY,
PAUSE, RECORD, TEARDOWN, etc
Skype, YouTube, QuickTime, etc



Brief Overview
Introduction to LTE and WiMAX
Streaming Multimedia and Streaming
Protocols
Implementation Details
Simulations and Results
Conclusions
Q&A
References
LTE Network Topology
OPNET image goes here


WiMAX Network Topology
Choosing Application Attribute
Parameters for Video Conferencing
Frame Interval Time Information: 10 frame/sec
Constant frame size
Interactive multimedia service
Discrete Traffic



50% background traffic.
Global System for Mobile Communications
(GSM), full data rate, silence filled with noise at
receiver.


For Voice Conferencing:
Choosing Profile Attribute
Parameters for Video
Conferencing
New session starts every 10 sec.
Endlessly created.
Each runs in parallel.



New session starts every 1 second.

Choosing Profile Attribute
Parameters for VoIP
User Equipment Modulation
Scheme
1/2 data redundant.
QPSK ( Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) with
1/2 coding rate

Other Attributes
Maximum Transmission power of 0.5
Watts, which suitable for mobile devices.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) was used
for both video and voice conferencing.
Random seed: 127.
20 MHz Frequency Division Duplexing
Good for symmetric receive and transmit traffic,
as opposed to time division duplexing.

Requirements
Video Conferencing
About 140 ms end-to-end delay is
acceptable
Some packet loss is acceptable.
Voice over IP
About 140 ms end-to-end delay is
acceptable
< 0.5 ms jitter

Affect of frame per packet on
VoIP latency and bandwidth
Packets: Network Layer

Frames: Physical Layer
Brief Overview
Introduction to LTE and WiMAX
Streaming Multimedia and Streaming
Protocols
Implementation Details
Simulations and Results
Conclusions
Q&A
References
Simulation Results
WiMAX Video Results
Small Mystery:

One would expect to
see increasing delay or
an increased packet-
loss

We dont see this.
Simulation Results
LTE Video Results (low traffic)
Uplink is the Bottleneck:
Does this mean that WiMAX
outperformed LTE??!
Does this mean that WiMAX
outperformed LTE??!
Not quite.
LTE doesnt perform well for low levels of traffic in our simulation. It is not a setup
delay, which we originally thought.
Simulation Results
LTE Video Results (high traffic)
LTE is designed for higher data rates.
Simulation Results
LTE Video and WiMAX Video (high traffic)
Simulation Results: Voice
15ms, 25ms, and 45ms latencies were predicted for 1, 2, and 4
packets per frame (but parameters were not specified).
Delay
almost
doubles.
WiMAX voice results 1,2 and 4 packet per frame
Simulation Results: Voice
Poor LTE voice results transmitting 2 packets
per frame at low data rates
Simulation Results
WiMAX and LTE voice results 10 packet per frame
VoIP for Two Packets Per
Frame in LTE Network:
Brief Overview
Introduction to LTE and WiMAX
Streaming Multimedia and Streaming
Protocols
Implementation Details
Simulations and Results
Conclusions
Q&A
References
Conclusion
LTE generally demonstrated higher
throughputs, however, WiMAX gave us the
lowest possible delay.

The LTE model has more complex behavior,
and is specialized for high data rates.

Throughput is proportional to packets per
frame sent using VoIP.

Delay is proportional to packets per frame
sent.

Final Comments:
WiMAX Model was much better
documented by OPNET.

Further testing is required to understand
the details of the LTE model.

We did a lot or tests for the time we
were given with the licenses.
Questions?
References

1. "4G LTE Network Elements ~ Telecommunications Blog." 4G LTE Network Elements
~ Telecommunications Blog. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
2. Brian, Marshall, and Ed Grabianowski. How WiMAX Works. Digital image. How Stuff
Works. How Stuff Works, n.d. Web. 3 Apr. 2013.
<http://computer.howstuffworks.com/wimax1.htm>.
3. Davidson et al. Voice Over IP Fundamentals. N.p.: Cysco Press, 2006. Print
4. Hrudey, William. "STREAMING VIDEO AND AUDIO CONTENT OVER MOBILE
WiMAX NETWORKS." (2009): n. pag. Simon Fraser University. Web.
5. Jiang, Xiaowei, Zhu Guangxi, and Weimin Wu. "Design of LTE E-MBMS Dynamic
Scheduling Information." (n.d.): n. pag. HuaZhong University of Science and
Technology. Web.
6. "Telecommunications Blog: LTE." Telecommunications Blog: LTE. N.p., n.d. Web. 13
Feb. 2013.
7. Torad, Mohammad, Dr. "Comparison between L TE and WiMAX Based on System
Level Simulation Using OPNET Modeler (release 16)." 28 Th NATIONAL RADIO
SCIENCE CONFERENCE (2011): n. pag. Print.
8. Heath, Mark. LTE Performance. Digital image. LTE Performance Is Good, but Its Not
That Good! Unwired Insight, 7 Oct. 2010. Web. 15 Mar. 2013.
<http://www.unwiredinsight.com/2010/lte-performance>.