Materials

Mushtaq

Contents
General Material Classifications
Metal
Ceramic
Polymer
References

Metal
Metals account for about two thirds of all
the elements and about 24% of the mass
of the planet
The metal material offer higher modulus
of elasticity, ductility, and resistance to
elevated temperature. But, they are
heavier and more difficult to process.
From the periodic table, it can be seen
that a large number of the elements are
classified as being a metal


Periodic Table of the
Elements
Metals Non-Metals
Ceramics
(Ionic Bonds)
Metals
(Metallic Bonds)
Polymers
(Covalent Bonds)
Common Metallic Materials

Iron/Steel - Steel alloys are used for
strength critical applications
Aluminum - they are easy to form,
readily available, inexpensive, and
recyclable.
Copper properties, including high
electrical and thermal conductivity,
Titanium - Titanium alloys are used for
strength in higher temperature
(~1000 F)
common Metallic
Materials
Nickel - Nickel alloys are used for still
higher temperatures (~1500-2000 F)
applications or when good corrosion
resistance is required.
key feature of Metallic
material
Metallic materials have free electrons
that are free to move easily from one
atom to the next.
Example
Metallic materials tend to be good
electrical conductors because the free
electrons can move around within the
metal so freely.
Ceramic
A ceramic has traditionally been
defined as an inorganic, nonmetallic
solid that is prepared from powdered
materials, is fabricated into products
through the application of heat.
Ceramic
Characteristics
High strength
Brittleness
Light weight
Low electrical conductivity


Ceramic
Applications
Structural clay products (brick, sewer
pipe, roofing and wall tile, flue linings,
etc.)
Glasses (flat glass (windows),
container glass (bottles), pressed and
blown glass (dinnerware), glass fibers
(home insulation), and
advanced/specialty glass (optical
fibers))



Electrical (capacitors, insulators,, magnets
and superconductors)
Chemical and environmental (filters,,
catalysts,)

Polymer
You may think of polymers as being a
relatively
modern invention!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
However naturally occurring polymers
have been used for thousands of
years
Examples
wood, rubber, cotton, wool, leather,
silk,.. etc

Polymer
Artificial polymers are, indeed,
relatively recent
And mostly date from after WWII
In many cases, the artificial material is
both better and
Cheaper than the natural alternative
Polymer
Characteristics
Less dense than metals or ceramics,
Resist atmospheric and other forms of corrosion,
Offer good compatibility with human tissue, or
Exhibit excellent resistance to the conduction of
electrical current.
Polymer
Applications
Styrofoam cups
contact lenses
rubber tires
telephone housings
sandwich bags
soda bottles
rubber bands
computer keyboard keys.
in fact, just look around your, house, dorm or apartment room and
youll likely find plenty of examples of polymeric materials.
Classification of Polymer
THERMOPLASTICS,
THERMOSETS
ELASTOMERS
Classification of Polymer
THERMOPLASTICS
The term thermoplastic indicates that these
materials melt on heating and may be processed by
a variety of molding and extrusion techniques.
polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and
polyvinyl chloride
Classification of Polymer
Thermo set
thermosetting polymers can not be melted or
remelted.
Examples
alkyds, amino and phenolic resins, epoxies,
polyurethanes, and unsaturated polyesters.
Classification of Polymer
Elastomers
Elastomers or rubbers can be elastically deformed a
large amount when a force is applied to them and
can return to their original shape (or almost) when
the force is released
References
http://www.ndt-
ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Mat
erials/Introduction/introduction.htm
http://users.encs.concordia.ca/~woodadam/MECH
221/Course_Notes/Polymers.pdf
THE CRC HANDBOOOK OF MECANICAL
ENGINEERING BY JAMED. D Idol,RICHARD
L.Lehman
http://www.amipp.rutgers.edu/assets/documents/s
cholarlypubs/Polymers.pdf
Thanks for
patience!!!!!!!!!