STEEL BAR

(Reinforcing Steel)
- Embedded in concrete for the purpose of
resisting a particular stress.
TYPES OF STEEL
a) Deformed Steel Bar
-the surface of which is
provided with lugs
(deformation)
b) Plain Steel Bar
-a rolled steel bar
without
surface deformation

DEFORMED BARS IDENTIFYING
MARKS:
Manufacturers Identifying Marks
Bar Size dot ( min. of 3 mm dia.)
Mark Size, mm
(Number of dots) (Nominal Diameter)
1 8
2 10
3 12
4 16
5 20
6 25
7 28
8 32
9 36
Bar Grade dash (parallel to the rib) or grade
number itself
1 dash grade 40
2 dashes grade 60
W - weldable grade
Markings for Grade 40, size= 25mm, Weldable Deformed Bar







M
I





W
25
W
Manufacturers
Marking
Bar Grade
Bar Size
Weldable
Color Code
(Painted on the surface of the end of the bar)
Bar Grade Color
Grade 30 White
Grade 40 Yellow
Grade 60 Green
Weldable Grade Red (additional color
code)
TABLE 1: Deformed Bar Designation Numbers,
Nominal weights(Masses) and Deformation Requirements
Bar
Designation
No.
Nominal Mass
Kg./m
Deformation Requirements, mm
Average
Spacing
(Max.)
Average
Height
(Min.)
Maximum
Gap (Max.)
10 0.560 6.7 0.38 3.6
13 0.994 8.9 0.51 4.9
16 1.552 11.1 0.71 6.1
19 2.235 13.3 0.97 7.3
22 3.042 15.5 1.12 8.5
25 3.973 17.8 1.27 9.7
29 5.060 20.1 1.42 10.9
32 6.404 22.6 1.63 12.4
36 7.907 25.1 1.80 13.7
43 11.38 30.1 2.16 16.5
57 20.24 40.1 2.59 21.9
LABORATORY TEST OF STEEL:
Physical Test :
a) unit weight determination
b) tension test
c) bending test

Chemical Test :
testing of alloying elements
of steel
(Phosphorous, Carbon &
Sulfur)



Preliminary test
for Deformed Bar
Measurement of length and determination of the weight
of specimen.

Measurement of deformations:
a) Average spacing determined by dividing the length of
sample with at least eleven deformations by the number of
spaces on any one side of the test specimen.
b) Average height determine from measurements made on not
less than two typical deformations.
c) Average gap the distance between the extreme ends of the
lugs.



PROCEDURE OF TENSION
TEST:
Mark in the center of the test specimen a 200mm (8)
gage length. Set the test sample in the testing machine
and apply the load until rapture at a uniform rate.
Note the load at the sudden halt of the load indicating
pointer and record the corresponding stress as yield
point as well as the maximum load attained by the steel
until rapture.
After fracture, fit the ends of the fractured specimen
together carefully and measure the distance between the
gage marks for elongation(%) determination.
Apparatus:
Micrometer caliper/scale
Weighing balance
steel measuring tape
Universal Testing Machine

1 Physical test for every 10,000 kgs. (1 meter length sample)

UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINE (UTM)
UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINE (UTM)
Determination of Yield point & Tensile Strength
Determination of tensile, yield & elongation
Tensile strength the ultimate strength
of steel bar. (Obtained by dividing the
maximum load by the original specimen
cross sectional area of steel)

Yield strength the initial strength of
steel bar. (Obtained by dividing the load
uphold by the cross sectional area of
the specimen).
Elongation of Steel
200 mm (8) gage length
mark
Before tension test
Elongated steel sample
After tension test
Elongation = evaluates the ductility of steel
Worksheet for Steel Bars

Project: ___________________________________________
Contractor: ____________________________________________

DATA
Class: ( ) Plain (X) Deformed _25 mm Elongation, mm
a) Final
320
b) Gage length
200
Nominal mass kg/m (table) 3.973 c) Difference
120
Length of specimen, mm __ 1004_ Deformation:
Mass of Specimen, kg. __ 3.970 a) average spacing
170/10= 17.0
b) ave. height
1.65

Pin diameter, mm: 1.005-S 1.005-
S
degree of bend __90 ___ 1.65 .940 .940
1.65
Bend __ S____
c) ave. gap _.158 -
.158= 4.01
Computation:
Area (Cross-sectional area):
a)Plain, mm = D ; b) Deformed, mm = mass of steel
4 Density x
length of steel
A = _ 3.970 kg.________________ = 503.718
mm
1004 mm x 7.85 tonnes x 1000kg x __(1m)__
m ton (1000mm)
Unit mass of Steel , kg/m = __3.970kgs.__ x 1000 mm = 3.954
1004 mm 1m
Variation in mass, % = 3.954 3.973 x 100 = - 0.478 % under
3.973
Elongation, % = Final Gage length (difference) = _110_ x
100 = 55 %
Gage length 200
Yield Point, Mpa = 532 (initial loading / cross-sectional area)
Tensile Strength, Mpa = 683 (maximum load/ cross-sectional
area)

Properties
AASHTO M31/ASTM 615
STD. Specifications for Deformed &
Plain Steel Bars
Bar Grade 40 60 75
Tensile Strength, MPa
(min.)
420 620 690
Yield Strength, MPa (min.) 280 420 520
Elongation, % (min.) AASHTO M31/ASTM 615
Bar Diameter, mm Grade 40 Grade 60 Grade75
10 11 9 -
12, 16, 20 12 9 7
25 - 8 7
28, 32 - 7 6
36 - 7 6
Properties
Philippine National Standard
(PNS): 49
STD. Specifications for Deformed &
Plain Steel Bars
Bar Grade 30 40 60
Tensile Strength, MPa
(min.)
390 480 620
Yield Strength, MPa (min.) 230 275 415
Elongation, % (minimum)
GRADE Bar Diameter, mm NW W
30 25 mm 18 20
25 mm
16 18
40 25 mm 10 16
25 mm
8 14
60 25 mm 8 14
25 mm
7 12
Bending of Steel
*The test specimen shall withstand
being bent around a pin with continuous
and uniform application of force
throughout the duration of the bending
operation without cracking on the outside
bent portion.
*It evaluates the brittleness of steel
and also the ductility of steel.

1 Physical test for every 10,000 kgs. (1meter length sample)
Pin Diameter Requirement
for Bending Test
Nominal Diameter of Steel, Pin
Diameter,
10 20 mm 6 d
25 28 mm 8 d
32 & greater 10 d
Procedure: (Bending of
Steel)
Place the specimen for bending test on the rollers of
a cold bend apparatus and bend thru the specified
angle by a pin attached to the head of the machine.

Apply a continuous and uniform load throughout the
bending operation.

Examine carefully the bent portion for any sign of
cracking on the outside bend.
BENDING TEST OF STEEL
Bending test of Steel
(Cont.)
Steel sample after Bending Test
Properties AASHTO M31/
ASTM 615
PNS: 49
Bending Requirement No cracking on outside
bent
No cracking on outside
bent

Variation in mass, % 6.0 max. under nominal
mass
+ 6 max. nominal mass
Phosphorous Content,
%
0.06 maximum 0.06 maximum
Acceptance and Rejection:
* Insufficient height, insufficient circumferential coverage, or excessive spacing
of deformations shall not constitute cause for rejection .
* No rejection shall be made on the basis of measurements if fewer than ten
adjacent deformations of each side of the bar are measured.
* In no case shall overweight (excess mass) of any deformed bar be the cause
for rejection.
DI FFERENT TYPES OF
STRUCTURAL STEEL
BARS PLATES SHAPES
1 Physical test for every 50,000 kgs./1- mill test certificate
1 Physical test per shipment/ 1- inspection report
Standard Test Specimen
for Rectangular/Plate Sample
Standard Test Specimen
for Circular/Pipe Sample
The test procedure for tension
test of miscellaneous steel are
the same as in testing of
Reinforcing Steel Bar, except for
the test specimen.
DPWH Standard Specifications
for Miscellaneous Structural Steel
METAL STRUCTURE (Item 403)/STRUCTURAL STEEL (Item 712)
(For Plates, Shapes & Bars) AASHTO M 183
Tensile Strength, MPa 400 min. 550 max.
Yield Point, MPa 250 min.
Elongation, % 20 min.
STEEL SHEET PILE /PILING(Item
509/400)
AASHTO M 202
Tensile Strength, MPa 485 min.
Yield Point, MPa 270 min.
Elongation, % 17
GUARDRAIL (Item 603) AASHTO M 180
Tensile Strength, MPa 483 (70,000 psi) min.
Yield Point, MPa 345 (50,000 psi) min.
Elongation, % 12 min.
GOOD
LUCK