Definition Of Motivation

Motivation:
The act or process of
stimulating to action,
providing an incentive or
motive, especially for an
act.
Motivation:

The word motivation has been derived from the word
motive which means any idea, need or emotion that prompts
man into action.
The core of management by Rensis Likert.
Motivation is important function which every manger
performs for actuating the people to work for accomplishment
of objectives of the organization.
Higher motivation leads to job satisfaction of the workers
which can reduce absenteeism, turnover, and labour unrest.
Motivation will foster team spirit among the workers and
increase their loyalty to the work group.



Significance of motivation
Workers will tend to be efficient
as possible by improving upon their
skills and knowledge.
The rate of labour turnover and
absenteeism among the workers
will be low.
There will be good human relations
in organization.
The number of complaints and
grievances will come down.
There will be increase in quantity
and quality of products.

Motivational cycle
Goal
Need, Drive
Needs, Incentives and Motives
Need tension search behaviour performance reward


need satisfaction

The need has to be activated which is the function of incentives.
Incentives is something which tends to incite towards some goal.
A need mean some internal state that makes certain outcomes
attractive.
Incentives means an outward stimuli for the motive to work.
when a motive is present in a person, it becomes active when there is
some incentives.
Theories of Motivation
Needs theories
Maslows hierarchy
of needs
Herzbergs two
factor theory
Process theories
Expectancy Theory

Goal Setting Theory
Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of needs
Self -
Actualization
Esteem needs
Belongingness & love needs
Safety needs
Physiological needs:
Physiological needs
Hunger, thirst etc.,
Safety needs
To feel secure & safe, out of danger
Belongingness & love needs
Affiliate with others, be accepted & belong
Esteem needs
To achieve, be component, gain approval and
belong
Self-actualization needs
Self fulfillment & realize ones potential
Self
Esteem
Social
Safety
Physiological
If we fulfill our needs at one level, then we can
focus on satisfying the need on the next higher
level
Dissatisfaction
and
demotivation
Not dissatisfied
but
not motivated
Positive
satisfaction
and motivation
Herzbergs Two-Factor Theory
Hygiene Factors

Motivational Factors
Company policies
Quality of supervision
Relations with others
Personal life
Rate of pay
Job security
Working conditions
Achievement
Career advancement
Personal growth
Job interest
Recognition
Responsibility

Contrasting Views of Satisfaction and
Dissatisfaction
Satisfaction Dissatisfaction
Traditional view
Satisfaction No satisfaction
Herzberg's view
No dissatisfaction Dissatisfaction
Hygiene Factors
Motivators
Needs Theories
Maslow Herzberg
Hygiene
Motivators
Factors
Social
Safety
Physiological
Self-Actualisation
Esteem
Maslow Model Vs Herzberg Model


Basis Maslow Herzberg
Hierarchy of
needs
Sequential
arrangement
No hierarchical
arrangement
Nature Prescriptive
model
Descriptive
model
Central theme Unsatisfied need
energize
behaviour, cause
performance
Gratified need
causes
performance
Motivational
factor
Unsatisfied
need-motivator
Higher order
needs-motivator
Applicability 1.Takes a
general view of
the motivational
problem of all
the workers
2.Lower level
1.Takes a micro
view & deals
with work
motivational
oriented
problems .
2.Higher level
Expectancy Theory
(Vroom)
3. Rewards-Personal goals relationship = Valence
1. Effort-Performance relationship = Expectancy
2. Performance-Rewards relationship = Instrumentality
Individual
Effort
Individual
Performance
Personal
Goals
Organisational
Rewards
1
2
3
How Expectancy Theory Works
Expectancy
Effort - Performance Link
E=0
No matter how much effort
you put in, probably not possible
to memorise the text in 24 hours
Instrumentality
Performance - Rewards Link
I=0
Your tutor does not look
like someone who has 1 million
Valence
Rewards - Personal Goals Link
V=1
There are a lot of wonderful things
you could do with 1 million
Your tutor offers you 1 million if you memorise the textbook by tomorrow morning.
Conclusion: Though you value the reward, you will not be motivated to do this task.
Motivation
Direction
Persistence
Intensity
Self motivation

Do it now
Break up the task into small steps
Dont wait for mood or inspiration
Start action
Solutions will follow if you try
Motivational strategies
Find new skills
Develop & train them
Get feedback on their performance
Expand their ability to work
Rotate their work
Motivational techniques
Leads them
Real examples are quicker than advice
Way to influencing people
Appeal to benefits
Can motivate
Mutual benefits to both of you
Appeal to emotions
People act quickly to emotions
Positive manner
Sustained by repeated inputs
Appeal to needs & wants
basic needs satisfaction
Creative expression, recognition & challenges & love
Appeal to expertise
Abilities enhance his self-worth
Put best effort to seek approval
Begin with the end in mind
What are your talents?
What is your ultimate career goal?
What can you achieve in 2 years?
What are your personal goals?

By:-Tanu Jaswal