• EUROPEAN FEDRATION OF
BIOTECHNOLOGY defines biotechnology as
“The integration of natural science and
organisms, cells molecular analogues for
products and services “
• Among many the two core techniques that
enable birth of biotech are:
GENETIC ENGINEERING –The technique to
alter the chemistry of genetic material to introduce them
into host organisms thus change their phenotype
MAINTENANCE OF STERILE CONDITION
this enables the growth of only desired microbe in
large quantity for manufacture of products like
vaccines
This technique includes creation of
Recombinant DNA
Gene cloning
Gene transfer
Which allows isolation of only desired genes
and characters
• A DNA sequence (e.g. a gene) can be
removed from a chromosome using special
enzymes
90 °C 50 °C 72 °C
DNA
ragment
to be
amplified
Polymerase Chain Reaction