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Resource conservation by Alley cropping in

shifting cultivated degraded lands of Eastern Ghats

Hombe Gowda,H. C.
CSWCRTI-RC
“Resource conservation by Alley cropping in shifting cultivated
Koraput
degraded lands of Eastern Ghat”
Introduction
• Shifting cultivation “ancient agricultural system”
• Practised “some form or other” tribal belts
• Problem - most acute in Orissa
• The total area –Orissa 1.6 m ha and 20 lakh tribal families
• Devastative and disadvantageous harm to eco system
• Problems-
– Soil erosion- land degradation
– Poor soil fertility
– Low productivity
– Silting of the tanks
– Heavy floods,
– Loss of forest cover,
• Quantum of erosion
– Surface soil : 84-170 t/ha
– O C: 1.0 q/ha
– Nitrogen: 0.12 q/ha
– Phosphorus:0.05 q/ha
– Potassium: 0.32 q/ha

Hombe Gowda,H. C.
CSWCRTI-RC
“Resource conservation by Alley cropping in shifting cultivated
Koraput
degraded lands of Eastern Ghat”
Hombe Gowda,H. C.
CSWCRTI-RC
“Resource conservation by Alley cropping in shifting cultivated
Koraput
degraded lands of Eastern Ghat”
Introd…….cont...
Can we Stop Shifting cultivation?
“ Discouraged and alternative production technology”
Agro-forestry: Productivity, Protectivity and Sustainability
Alley cropping or Hedgerow intercropping
•Is a method of growing perennial species, usually shrubs or trees of
legume species together with annul crops. Crops are grown between
spaced row of trees that are pruned regularly to provide mulch and to
supply nutrients to the crop
Benefits Of Alley Cropping
•Improved crop performance- addition of nutrients, Organic matter,
•Reduction – use of chemical fertilizers
•Improvement - Soil physical character, soil fauna, Lower soil temt.
Reduce Evaporation, improves Water use efficiency
•Physical barrier - sloping land, soil and water improvement
•Additional products- forage, firewood etc.,
•Improvement in weed control
Hombe Gowda,H. C.
CSWCRTI-RC
“Resource conservation by Alley cropping in shifting cultivated
Koraput
degraded lands of Eastern Ghat”
Review of literature
• By application of Gliricidia maculata
– Maize yield - 54%
– N-22%, P-32% and CEC-34% (Abunyewa et al., 2004)
• Leucaena leucocephala (Kg/ha)
N-223, P-13, K-157, Ca-59 and Mg-38 (Kang, 2007)
• Reduction in soil erosion (t/ha)
– Cont-69 to Alley- 6 (Rose C W, 2001)
– Cont- 43.2 to Alley-4 (Dixin et al., 2002)
• Reduction in run off- 304% (Rose C W, 2001)
• Sed. conc(Kg m3): Con-47 to Alley-5.3
• Decrease in the slope gradient 1.1o per year
• Increased aggregate stability- resistance to erosion (Mapa)

Hombe Gowda,H. C.
CSWCRTI-RC
“Resource conservation by Alley cropping in shifting cultivated
Koraput
degraded lands of Eastern Ghat”
Hombe Gowda,H. C.
CSWCRTI-RC
“Resource conservation by Alley cropping in shifting cultivated
Koraput
degraded lands of Eastern Ghat”
Hombe Gowda,H. C.
CSWCRTI-RC
“Resource conservation by Alley cropping in shifting cultivated
Koraput
degraded lands of Eastern Ghat”
Objectives

1. To assess the bio-physical performance of hedge


forming nitrogen fixing species (Alley cropping).
2. To assess the productivity of intercrops like Ragi and
up land paddy in hedge forming nitrogen fixing
species (Alley cropping).
3. To assess the interaction between hedge forming
nitrogen fixing species (Alley cropping) and
agriculture crops.
4. To study the soil erosion, moisture and nutrient
dynamics under Alley cropping.
Hombe Gowda,H. C.
CSWCRTI-RC
“Resource conservation by Alley cropping in shifting cultivated
Koraput
degraded lands of Eastern Ghat”
Treatments
• Alley cropping width - 4m and 6m
• Two Nitrogen fixing tree species
1) Leucaena leucocephala (subabul)
2) Gliricidia maculata
• Intercrops taken with alley cropping
1. Ragi
2. Up land paddy
• Slopes-
1. 6-10%
2. 10-20%
Total treatments: 2Width X 2Plants X 2Crops X 2slopes (=16)
With standard 3 replication
Design: Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD)
Hombe Gowda,H. C.
CSWCRTI-RC
“Resource conservation by Alley cropping in shifting cultivated
Koraput
degraded lands of Eastern Ghat”
OBSERVATIONS

•Biophysical measures:
•Height, Collar Diameter and biomass of hedge plants
•yield attributes of Agil. crops
•Runoff, soil loss, and nutrient loss estimation
•Soil fertility status :OC,NPK, EC, PH
•Soil physical parameters: Texture, Aggregate stability,
Moisture status, Infiltration capacity, Silt load in Alley barrier

Multi-slot divisors will be installed to gauge runoff and soil loss

Location: Duration:5 year


Research farm
2009-2014
Koraput Dist, Orissa
Hombe Gowda,H. C.
CSWCRTI-RC
“Resource conservation by Alley cropping in shifting cultivated
Koraput
degraded lands of Eastern Ghat”
Practical Utility of Anticipated Results of
the Project
• Increased production and productivity, farm income,
• Soil
Reduction in runoff and soil erosion
Improvement in the Soil nutrients
Soil moisture improvement
Improvement of soil aggregate stability
Maintenance of soil health.
• Fuel wood and fodder demand will be met out.
• Practice of settled agriculture
• No further extension of shifting cultivation area.
• Resource conservation in degraded shifting cultivation
affected land. Hombe Gowda,H. C.
CSWCRTI-RC
“Resource conservation by Alley cropping in shifting cultivated
Koraput
degraded lands of Eastern Ghat”
Aim and Goal: “Resource conservation with efficient utilization of natural resources for Tribal community development

Impact
•Development of alley cropping based Agro-forestry
model for the shifting cultivated degraded land
•Conservation of soil and water resources in hilly
region
•Increase in the farm returns from the alternative
production system
•Practice of conservation agriculture
•Resource conservation and ecological balance
•Self and decentralized energy supply

Hombe Gowda,H. C.
CSWCRTI-RC
“Resource conservation by Alley cropping in shifting cultivated
Koraput
degraded lands of Eastern Ghat”
Scientist Involved
Investigator Name Designation Division

PI Hombe Gowda, H. C Scientist Forestry

Co-PI-1 Praveen Jakhar Scientist Agronomy

Co-PI 2 D. Barman Scientist Soil-science

Co-PI 3 K. P. Gore Principle Engg.


Scientist

Hombe Gowda,H. C.
CSWCRTI-RC
“Resource conservation by Alley cropping in shifting cultivated
Koraput
degraded lands of Eastern Ghat”
Thank You

Thank you

Hombe Gowda,H. C.
CSWCRTI-RC
“Resource conservation by Alley cropping in shifting cultivated
Koraput
degraded lands of Eastern Ghat”

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