Total Station

Group 5
What is Survey?
Surveying or land surveying is the technique,
profession and science of accurately
determining the three dimensional position of
points, distances and angles between them.

History of Survey
Ancient Survey
Beginning of Survey (Egypt)
Contribution of Greeks
Role of Romans
Groma
Libella
Advanced Survey
Role of English and US
Instruments Being Used in
Survey
Theodolite
Dumpy Level
Gunters Chain
Leveling Staff
Total Station
Total Station
Total Station is an electronic theodolite
consisting:
Integrated Electronic Theodolite
Integrated Electronic Distance Meter (EDM).
Integrated microprocessor
Electronic data collector
Storage system
In short Intelligent Theodolite.
History of Total Station
First Total Station
Zeiss RecElta14 (1968)
Modification
TS Hewlett Packard 3820A (1977)
Robotic Total Station
Topomat (Matthias 1982)
MRTS (Manual Reflector less Total Station )
Buchmann (1996)
And continue.
Parts of Total Station
Types of Total Station
Manual total station
Sami automatic total station
Automatic total station
Applications of Total Station
Remote Distance Measurement (RDM)
Remote Elevation Measurement (REM)
Angle Measurement
Resection
Area & Perimeter
Off Set & Stake Out
Remote Distance & Elevation
Measurement
Distance measurement
Height difference
Azimuth
Angle measurement
Remote Elevation Measurement
(REM)
Remote Distance Measurement
(RDM)

Resection
Resection is an application used to determine
the unknown station coordinates and station
orientation.
Area & Perimeter
Area is an application used to compute online
areas to a maximum of 50 points connected by
straights.
Off Set & Stake Out
This function calculates the target point
coordinates if it is not the possible to set up
reflector or to aim target point directly.
Field Data Collection Using a Total
Station
Total Station with GNSS
A satellite navigation system is a system of
satellites that provide autonomous geo-spatial
positioning with global coverage.
Modern total stations are equipped with GPS
Receiver.


Inertial Navigation System (INS)
Inertial Navigation System is a navigational aid
uses a computer, a motion sensors and rotating
sensors to continuously calculate via dead
reckoning the position, orientation without the
need for any external references.
Advancements in Total Station
Servo driven total station
Motor driven total station
Automatic pointing
Less sighting is required
Auto tracking Total
Ability to lock on to target
Errors in aiming & focusing eliminated
Rapid work

Advancements in Total Station
Cont.
Robotic total station
Remote control
One person surveying is possible
Auto target lock
Multiple points can be surveyed simultaneously
Disadvantages of robotic total station
Being an un-manned instrument, can be stolen
or run over by vehicles
Having difficulty in locking the target in higher
vicinity of traffic due to interference.
Advantages of Total Station
Traditional survey methods are laborious and
time consuming
Fully automatic electronic measurement
Digital display of staff reading and distance
Data storage in instrument possible
Direct transfer to personal computer of data
stored in instruments

Disadvantages of Total Station
Total Stations are dependent on batteries and
electronics. The LCD screen does not work well
when it is cold.
Battery life is also short, batteries and
electronics both do not work well when wet.
Loss of data is an important consideration.

Future & Total Station
There are some futuristic projects of total
station in the laboratory researches.
Some of them are introduced in the market and
available commercially.
We present two of them here:
Image Assisted Total Station (IATS)
Image Assisted Scanning Total Station (IASTS)
Image Assisted Total Station
(IATS)
Combination of digital camera & robotic
reflector less total station.
One can see everything the instrument
sees on the controller screen.
Select targets with just a tap of the
controller screen
Document important visual information like
site conditions and details
Can be used in photogrammetric survey.

Features:
Capture an image, screenshot or template,
sketch on it.
Measurements are drawn to the video image
Detects and locks targets without interference
Fewer setups and more measurements.
Easily recall what was at the scene
Angular accuracies of up to .5
Working:
Let me explain you with a video.
Image Assisted Scanning Total
Station (IASTS)
Integrating
technologies of :
Advanced optical
surveying
Metric imaging
3D scanning
3D laser scanner and
video total station for
spatial imaging and
surveying.
Image Assisted Scanning Total
Station (IASTS)
Features:
Laser scanners provide detailed and highly
accurate 3D data rapidly and efficiently
It can measure more than 50000 points per
second.
It stores the data as a real time digital image
upon which the data points are overlaid.
Identification and visualization of surveyed points
are made easy.

Applications:
Topography
Archaeology
Mining
As-Built Surveying
Architecture
Monitoring
Civil Engineering
City Modelling.
Conclusion
Any Question?