SYNCHRONIZATION OF OFDM SYSTEM

SUPERVISOR BY
Mr.T.Laxmikandan R.JEEVARAJA
Asst. Prof. (Sr. Gr.) 2010252032
OBJECTIVE
To model and simulate the Carrier Phase
Offset (CFO) with aid of ML sequence.
Simulation Tool : Matlab
WORK DONE SO FAR
Estimation of Timing Offset
Estimation of Carrier Frequency Offset

Work done now
o Estimation of Phase Offset
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF OFDM SYSTEM
Data Bits
QPSK
Mapping
IFFT
Cyclic
Prefix
Rayleigh,
AWGN
Channel
Synchroni
zation
Removal Of
Cyclic
Prefix,training
Sequence
FFT
Equailizatio
n
Symbol
Detection
PN
sequence
Generator
FRAME STRUCTURE OF OFDM SYSTEM




Pilot
s(M
L
seq)
sym
1
sym
2
sym
100
Pilot
s(M
L
seq)
sym
1
sym
2
sym
99
Sym
100
For every 100 OFDM symbols , one block type pilots
are used.
PN SEQUENCE
It is a deterministically signal but looks like random
sequences.
Assume order = 9, the generator polynomial is
x^9+x^4+1.It is generated using linear feedback
shift register and exclusive OR gate as below




1 2 7 6 3 4 5 9 8
CARRIER PHASE OFFSET
Frequency estimation alone could not complete the
carrier synchronization, additionally it requires
estimating and correcting the phase offset also.
The technique involves the received signal is
multiplied with conjugate of pilots, which is
represented as
y(k) = E[r(k) * (conj (pilots))]


MODELING OF SIGNAL






Delay
Frequency
and phase
offset
AWGN & Fading
channel noise
Signal from
transmitter
Signal to
Receiver
DESIGN SPECIFICATION

PARAMETERS

VALUE
Nfft 512
N Used Carriers 496
Number of lower
frequency guard
subcarriers
8
Number of upper
frequency guard
subcarriers
7
Cyclic Prefix 32
CONT
PARAMETERS VALUE
Sampling frequency 1.6MHz
Sampling time (T
s
) 625ns(1/1.6MHz)
Number of frame 10
OFDM symbol interval 174.08s( 544 * T
s
)
CP length 20s ( 32*T
s
)
Sub carrier spacing 6.25KHz(1.6MHz/256)
Number of Pilots 256
Modulation QPSK
FADING CHANNEL SPECIFICATION
Sampling Time in ns 0.1
Path delays in ns 0 781 156 2344
Path gains in dB 0 -3 -6 -9
Delay spread 2344ns
Doppler shift 0
Fading type Frequency selective & slow
fading
SIMULATION RESULT(MSE PLOT FOR PHASE
OFFSET = 0.5235 IN RADIANS)






In MSE plot, as SNR
varies the MSE value
reduces and move to
zero

Phase offset(in
radian)
Estimated
offset(AWGN
channel)
Estimated offset
(Rayleigh channel)
0.5236 0.5241 0.5396
0.6109 0.6107 0.6170
0.6989 0.6990 0.6953
0.7854 0.7850 0.7916
0.8727 0.8730 0.8854
0.9599 0.9596 0.9658
1.0472 1.0468 1.0340
1.1345 1.1348 1.1503
1.2217 1.2218 1.2973
1.3090 1.3090 1.4966
SIMULATION RESULT (AT SNR=5dB)
Publication
REFERENCE
Lee. J, Lou, H and Toumpakaris, D. (Oct.
2004)Maximum likelihood estimation of time and
frequency offset for OFDM systems - Electronics
Letters. Volume 40, Issue 22, 28 Page(s):1428 1429
Van de Beek J J, Sandell M, Boriesson P (1997) ML
estimation of time and frequency offset in OFDM
Systems - IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing,
volume 45 No.7 pp.1800 1805
Michele Morelli, Member IEEE, C.-C. Jay Kuo, Fellow
IEEE, and Man-On Pun, Member IEEE
Synchronization Techniques for Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) : A Tutorial Review