47
n : path loss exponent
free space or line of sight (LOS) (no obstruction)
n = 2
urban cellular n = 2 to 4, signal decays faster
with distance away from the base station
having the same n throughout the coverage area
means radio propagation properties are roughly the
same everywhere
if base stations have equal Tx power and n is the
same throughout coverage area (not always true)
then the above equation (Eq. 3.8) can be used.
48
Now if we consider only the first layer (or tier)
of co-channel cells
assume only these provide significant interference
And assume interfering base stations are
equidistant from the desired base station (all at
distance D) then
49
What determines acceptable S / I ?
voice quality subjective testing
AMPS S / I 18 dB (assumes path loss exponent
n = 4)
Solving (3.9) for N
Most reasonable assumption is i
o
: # of co-channel
interfering cells = 6
N = 7 (very common choice for AMPS)
50
Many assumptions involved in (3.9) :
same Tx power
hexagonal geometry
n same throughout area
D
i
D (all interfering cells are equidistant from the
base station receiver)
optimistic result in many cases
propagation tools are used to calculate S / I when
assumptions arent valid
51
S / I is usually the worst case when a mobile is at the
cell edge
low signal power from its own base station & high
interference power from other cells
more accurate approximations are necessary in those cases
4
4 4 4
2( ) 2( ) 2
S R
I D R D R D
52
N =7 and S / I 17 dB
53
Eq. (3.5), (3.8), and (3.9) are (S / I) for forward link
only, i.e. the cochannel base Tx interfering with
desired base station transmission to mobile unit
so this considers interference @ the mobile unit
What about reverse link co-channel interference?
less important because signals from mobile antennas (near
the ground) dont propagate as well as those from tall base
station antennas
obstructions near ground level significantly attenuate mobile
energy in direction of base station Rx
also weaker because mobile Tx power is variable base
stations regulate transmit power of mobiles to be no larger
than necessary
54
HW1:
1-9, 1-11, 1-18, 3-5, 3-7