BKF2422 HEAT TRANSFER

CHAPTER 5

HEAT EXCHANGER

Shell and tube exchanger
Shell inlet
Shell outlet
Tube inlet
Tube outlet
Shell inlet
Tube inlet
Tube outlet
Shell outlet
Cross-flow heat exchanger
|
|
.
|

\
|
A
A
A A
= A
2
1
2 1
ln
T
T
T T
T
lm
flow, (parallel) cocurrent in or
flow rent countercur in true are exchanger heat a in fluids cold and hot When the
w counterflo or parallel in pass tube 1 and pass
shell 1 with exchanger 1 - 1 and exchanger heat pipe - double a for holds This
lm
T A
ci hi
ci co
T T
T T
Y

=
ci co
ho hi
T T
T T
Z

=
: follows as used are ratios ess dimensionl Two
drop. rature mean tempe true
the calculate to used factor correction the exchanger, heat pass - multiple For
T
F
T lm m
F T T A = A
( )
|
|
.
|

\
|

= A
ci ho
co hi
ci ho co hi
lm
T T
T T
T T T T
T
ln
EXAMPLE 4.9-1 Temperature Correction Factor for a Heat
Exchanger

A 1-2 heat exchanger containing one shell pass and two tubes
passes heats 5.52 kg/s of water from 21.1 to 54.4
o
C by using hot
water under pressure entering at 115.6 and leaving at 48.9
o
C.
The outside surface area of the tubes in the exchanger is A
o
=
9.30 m
2

a) Calculate the mean temperature difference T
m
in the exchanger
and the overall heat-transfer coefficient U
o
b) For the same temperature but using 1 2-4 exchanger, what
would be the T
m

1
T A
2
T A
hi
T = C 15.6 1
o
C 9 . 48
o
=
ho
T
C 1 . 21
o
=
ci
T
co
T = C 4 . 54
o
hot water
( ) kJ/kg.K 187 . 4 =
water
p
c
Exchanger Heat 2 1
(a)
352 . 0
1 . 21 6 . 115
1 . 21 4 . 54
=

=
ci hi
ci co
T T
T T
Y
00 . 2
1 . 21 4 . 54
9 . 48 6 . 115
=

=
ci co
ho hi
T T
T T
Z
( ) ( )
( )
( )
K 3 . 42
1 . 21 9 . 48
4 . 54 6 . 115
ln
1 . 21 9 . 48 4 . 54 6 . 115

ln
2
1
2 1
=
|
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.
|

\
|

=
|
|
.
|

\
|
A
A
A A
= A
T
T
T T
T
lm
K 31.3 C 31.3
) 74 . 0 ( 3 . 42
o
= =
=
A = A
T lm m
F T T
0.74 4a, - 4.9 Fig the From =
T
F
(b) Exchanger Heat 4 2
( )
W 348200
) 1 . 21 4 . 54 )( 4187 ( 52 . 2
=
=
=
ci co pm
T T c m q
.K W/m 1196
) 3 . 31 ( 30 . 9
348200
2
= =
A
=
m o
o
T A
q
U
94 . 0 4b, - 4.9 Fig the From =
T
F
K 39.8 C 39.8
) 94 . 0 ( 3 . 42
o
= =
=
A = A
T lm m
F T T
max
fluid min
max
fer heat trans possible max
fer heat trans actual
T
T
q
q
actual
A
A
= = = c


( ) ( ) ( )
max min min
min
max
T C T T C T T c m q
i
c hi
i
c hi p
A = = =
( ) ( )
i
c hi p actual
T T c m q =
min

c
( )
min
min
where
p
c m C c =
,
( )
min
having fluid = fluid min
p
c m
EXAMPLE 4.9-2 Effectiveness of Heat Exchanger

Water flowing at rate of 0.667 kg/s enters a countercurrent heat exchanger at 308 K
and is heated by an oil stream entering at 383 k at a rate of 2.85 kg/s (c
p
= 1.89
kJ/kg.K). The overall U = 300 W/m
2
.K and the area A = 15.0 m
2
. Calculate the heat-
transfer rate and the exit water temperature.
1
T A
2
T A
hi
T = K 83 3
ho
T
K 308 =
ci
T
co
T
kg/s 85 . 2 oil, = m
kg/s 677 . 0 water, = m
( )
( )
2
2
m 15
.K W/m 300
kJ/kg.K 187 . 4
kJ/kg.K 89 . 1
=
=
=
=
A
U
c
c
water
p
oil
p
W/K 5387 ) 1890 ( 85 . 2
W/K 7 . 2792 ) 4187 ( 667 . 0
max
min
= = =
= = =
=
oil
water
p
C C
C C
c m C
5 . 0
5387
7 . 2792
max
min
~ =
C
C
6 . 1
2792
) 15 ( 300
NTU
min
= = =
C
UA
0.71 7a - 4.9 Fig. Using = c
( )
W 148900
) 308 383 )( 2792 ( 71 . 0
min
=
=
=
i c hi actual
T T C q c
( )
k 3 . 361
) 308 )( 4187 ( 667 . 0 148900
max
=
=
A =
co
co
water
p
T
T
T c m q
co ho
T T q , , determine To
NTU & / Calculate 1.
max min
C C
graph from Obtain 2. c
q Calculate 3.
( )
( )
c
p
ci co
h
p
hi ho
c m
q
T T
c m
q
T T

=
=

Calculate 4.
c Calculate 1.
, if (i)
min c
C C =
( )
( )
ci hi c
ho hi h
T T C
T T C

= c
, if (ii)
min h
C C =
( )
( )
ci hi h
ci co c
T T C
T T C

= c
max min
/ Calculate 2. C C
U
C
A
min
NTU
. 4 =
: A determine To
NTU Obtain 3.
Example
1
T A
2
T A
hi
T = C 0 9
o
C 40
o
=
ho
T
C 19
o
=
ci
T
co
T = C 90
o
kg/s 85 . 2 oil, = m
kg/s 677 . 0 water, = m
( )
( )
?
.K W/m 50 2
kJ/kg.K 180 . 4
kJ/kg.K 1 . 2
2
=
=
=
=
A
U
c
c
water
p
oil
p
Exchanger Heat 4 2
min
max
W/K 3150 ) 2100 ( 5 . 1
W/K 4180 ) 4180 ( 1
C C
C C
c m C
h
c
p
= = =
= = =
=
75 . 0
3150
4180
max
min
~ =
C
C
( )
( )
7 . 0
) 19 90 ( 3150
) 40 90 ( 3150
=

=
ci hi c
ho hi h
T T C
T T C
c
2 NTU 7 - 4.9 Fig. Using =
2
min
m 2 . 25
3150
250
2
NTU
=
=
=
A
A
C
UA
Surface not clean additional resistances
| |
fo fi i wall o i i
i
R R R R R A R A
U
+ + + +
=

=
1 1
(

+ + + +
=
o do i di i i
i o
o o
i
i
A h A h A h kL
r r
A h
A
U
1 1 1
2
) / ln( 1
1
t
tube the of inside for the t coefficien fouling where =
di
h
tube the of outside for the t coefficien fouling =
do
h
) ( when 0
i o wall
r r R ~
small &
wall
k
large.
Example Fouling Factors
Stainless steel double-pipe heat exchanger
( ) W/m.K 1 . 15 = k
? t, coefficien fer heat trans overall Determine
1
.K/W m 0.0001 de) side(outsi shell factor Fouling
1
.K/W m 0.0004 e) side(insid e factor tub Fouling
.K W/m 1200
.K W/m 800
m 1
cm 2 . 3
cm 9 . 1
cm 5 . 1
2
2
2
2
outer tube
=
= =
= =
=
=
=
=
=
=
o i
do
di
o
i
o
i
& U U
h
h
h
h
L
D
D
D
.K W/m 1200
2
=
o
h
m 1
cm 1.9
cm 3.2
.K W/m 800
2
=
i
h
cm 1.5
2 2
2 2
m 0597 . 0 ) 1 )( 10 9 . 1 (
m 0470 . 0 ) 1 )( 10 5 . 1 (
= = =
= = =

t t
t t
L D A
L D A
o o
i i
053157 . 0
0597 . 0
0001 . 0
0471 . 0
0004 . 0
) 0471 . 0 ( 800
1
) 1 )( 1 . 15 ( 2
) 5 . 1 / 9 . 1 ln(
) 0597 . 0 ( 1200
1

1 1 1
2
) / ln( 1

=
+ + + + =
+ + + + =
+ + + + =
t
t
o do i di i i
i o
o o
fo fi i wall o
A h A h A h kL
r r
A h
R R R R R R
| |
.K W/m 4 . 399
) 053157 . 0 ( 0471 . 0
1

1

1
2
=
=

=
+ + + +
=
R A
R R R R R A
U
i
fo fi i wall o i
i
.K W/m 11 . 315
) 053157 . 0 ( 0597 . 0
1

1
2
=
=

=
R A
U
o
o