It is systematic study of groups and societies

that people create and how these affect their

behavior.
It focuses on various social connections,
institutions, organizations, structure and
processes.
Its gathers social inputs which are composed
of frequent forms and manners: attitude,
viewpoints, consolidated values and norms,
of social institutions which form part of
social array.
The patterns of behavior and thinking that people living
in social groups learn, create, and share. Culture
distinguishes one human group from others. It also
distinguishes humans from other animals. A peoples
culture includes their beliefs, rules of behavior,
language, rituals, art, technology, styles of dress, ways
of producing and cooking food, religion, and political
and economic.
Culture is the most important concept in anthropology
(the study of all aspects of human life, past and present).
Anthropologists commonly use the term culture to
refer to a society or group in which many or all people
live and think in the same
CULTURAL
ANTHROPOLOGY
SOCIOLOGY
OPERATIONAL
DEFINITION
STUDY OF HUMAN
BEING- while cultures
are patterns of human
behavior and knowledge
that every human learns
as a member of a society,
cultural anthropology
focuses on how these,
cultural patterns shapes
our experiences.
STUDY OF SOCIETY- a
systematic study of
groups and societies that
people create and how
these affect their behavior.
SCOPE OF STUDY Cultural Anthropology
explore how culture is
expressed in areas such as
ritual, symbolism,
language, personality,
religion inequality,
gender, family, art and
politics.
The range of sociological
interest includes gender,
class, ethnicity, families,
social change, health,
morality, politics,
religion, sport, work and
leisure technology,
cyberspace and many
more.
OBJECTIVES The discipline of
anthropology gives
understanding on how
other societies organize
their lives and give
meaning to their existence
to as increase peoples
understanding of their
own cultural worlds.
The discipline of
sociology gives tools with
which to take a fresh look
at social life. It provides
theoretical frameworks
and language with which
understand , describe and
analyze a broad range of
human, social activity
The functionalist perspective is based on the assumption that society is
composed of harmonious elements such as individuals, organizations, and
social institutions.
Bronislaw Malinowski a polish anthropologist suggested that culture helps
people meet their needs, specifically:
Biological needs- needed to maintain proper functioning of the
body.
-such as food and procreation
Instrumental needs-A distinction sometimes employed to
characterize social relationships considered to be an end in themselves as
against those which are goal-oriented. Thus, for example, expressive ties
involve a commitment to the other person, arising perhaps out of kinship
or feelings of love, whereas instrumental ties involve co-operation merely
in order to achieve some limited and immediate goal (such as the
relationship between doctor and patient).
-such as law and education

Integrative needs- such as religion and art
According to the functionalist perspective, societies where people share a
common language and core values are more likely to have consensus and
harmony. This perspective also argues that all societies have dysfunctions
such as inequalities among class, racial and gender that cause problems.
Also multiple subcultures can lead to lack consensus about core values.
Nevertheless the resolution to these problems comes with education about
the value of cultural diversity wherein schools and families are in change
of raising awareness about it to their children.
Integrative needs- such as religion and art
According to the functionalist perspective, societies where
people share a common language and core values are more likely to
have consensus and harmony. This perspective also argues that all
societies have dysfunctions such as inequalities among class, racial and
gender that cause problems. Also multiple subcultures can lead to lack
consensus about core values. Nevertheless the resolution to these
problems comes with education about the value of cultural diversity
wherein schools and families are in change of raising awareness about
it to their children.
The Functionalist Perspective
STRENGHTS WEAKNESSES
It focuses on the needs
of society and the fact
that stability is essential
for a society s
continued success.
It overemphasizes
harmony and
cooperation
It does not acknowledge
all the societal factors
that contribute to
conflict and strife
Conflict perspective is based on the assumption that
social life is a continuous struggle in which members of
powerful group seek to control scare resources.
Karl Marx a German political thinker according to him
ideas are cultural creations. Therefore possible for
societys leaders to use ideology, a system of ideas that
guides the way people think and act, in order to maintain
their positions of dominance in a society.
According to Marx, people are not aware that they are
being dominated because they have false consciousness,
meaning that people hold beliefs that they think promote
their best interest when in fact they are damaging to their
best interest.

Conflict Perspective
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
It stresses how
cultural values and
norms may
perpetuate social
inequalities
It focuses on societal
discord and the
divisiveness of
culture.
The Symbolic Interactionist perspective is engaged in micro-
level analysis, and examines society as the sum of all peoples
interactions. It suggest that people create, maintain and
modify culture as they go about their day-to-day activities.
According to Symbolic Interactionist, our culture's values and
norms do not automatically determine our behavior. Rather,
we re-interpret these values and norms with each situation we
come across in other words, our values and norms are
dynamic, that is, we are constantly changing them.
Georg Simmel a German sociologist suggested that culture
eventually takes a on a life of its own and begins to control
people instead. For example, people initially created money
as a means of exchange.
Symbolic Interactionist
Perspective
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
It examines how people
maintain and change culture
through interaction with
others.
It does not provide an outline
to analyze how we shape
culture and how it in turn
shapes us.
It fails to take into account
the larger macro-level social
structures that are considered
in the Functionalist and
Conflict perspectives.
BY:
LIQUIDO SARAH JANE
MALABUYOC CARLA JANE
TIZON JOANA