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Submitted by

Jafar Pharas
Introduction to non destructive techniques
Penetration resistance test
Background
Apparatus
Procedure
Advantages and limitations
Applications of W.P.
Quantab test
Obtaining sample
Quantab strip
Test procedure
References

Use of NDT for concrete
Types of NDT methods
1
st
type
Surface hardness ,pull out and maturity method
to estimate compressive strength of concrete
2
nd
type
Methods that measures other properties like m.c.
,density
Achieved important place in quality control
of hardened concrete and evaluation of
existing structures
Background
Also called windsor prob

Based upon depth of penetration probe

Introduced in US for penetration of concrete
in laboratory and field

RESISTANCE TESTING USING PROBES
Driver unit

Probe

Measurement equipment

Positioning device
RESTISTANCE TESTING USING PINS
Driver unit

Pin

Measuring equipment


WINDSOR PROBE TEST KIT
RESISTANCE TESING WITH PROBES
1. For coarse finishes surface must be ground
smooth in area to be tested
2. Place the positioning device on the surface
of concrete at location to be tested
3. Mount a probe in the driver unit , position
the driver in positioning device
4. Fire a probe into concrete
5. Remove positioning device and tap the
probe on exposed end with small hammer
6. Measurement of the exposed probe length
RESISTANCE TESTING WITH PINS
1. Concrete surface o be tested shall be
ground flat with abrasive stone
2. Insert a new pin into spring actuated driver
unit
3. Load the driver unit by compressing the
spring until the trigger mechanism engages
4. Place the driver unit firmly against the
perpendicular to surface of concrete
5. Pull the trigger to drive the pin into concrete
surface , remove unit including pin
6. Clean the pin hole and measure the depth

RESISTANCE TESTIG WITH PROBES
Operation of driver unit
Safety goggles ,hearing protection
Case of reinforcing bars

RESISTANCE TESTING WITH PINS
Injury from inadvertent firing of pin
Safety goggles and other protective
equipments
Initial amount of probe energy is absorbed

Concrete fractured in cone shaped zone

Further penetration below this zone is
resisted by compression of adjacent material
and hardness of the aggregete
Prepare 150mm300mm cylinders and
600mm600mm200mm concrete slab
Test 3 specimen in compression at specified
age using standard procedure and take
penetration test on slab
Repeat the above procedure for all test
specimens
Plot the exposed probe length against
compressive strength
The 95% confidence limits may also drawn
Relationship between exposed probe length
and 28 days compressive strength
Driver unit identification number and energy
level used in testing
Dimensions of probes
Approximate thickness of member tested
Exposed length of a probe
Description of unusual conditions
Identification and location tested in concrete
construction
Description of surface finish
Date and time of testing
Relatively quick test

Simple to operate and little mentainance

Access is only needed to one surface

Correlation with concrete strength

Represent the concrete at depth 25mm to
75mm
Minimum acceptance distance between 2 test
location is limited to 150mm to 200mm
Minimum thickness of the member to be
tested should be 3 times expected probe
penetration
Leaves 8mm hole in concrete and older
concrete heavily fractured
Damaged area should be repaired
Formwork removal
Estimate early strength
Simplicity
Time of formwork removal estimated
As a substitute for core testing
In case of older structure W.P. test superior than
taking core
In coring area needs to be soaked 40 h before
Transportation of core sample
INTRODUCTION
Quantab test (Chloride determination)
Corrosion
Upto 0.01% chloride bye mass of concrete
present
More chloride if CaCl2(as admixture) or sea
dredged aggregate
Many methods like volard laboratory
method,X-ray fluorescence spectrometry,
atomic titrators


Taken with 20mm masonry drill bit

Suitable means of collecting sample without
loss of fines

Minimum mass of sample should be 25g

First 5mm drilled material rejected
Field collection of drilled dust sample
Made of plastic material

75 mm long and 15mm wide

Vertical capillary column impregnated with
silver dichromate

At top horizontal air vent containing yellow
moisture sensitive indicator
Solution containing 5g powdered concrete
obtained by described method
Lower end of test strip is placed in chloride
solution until capillary is full
Reddish brown silver dichromate reacts with
chloride to form white silver chloride
Tip of color change related to vertical scale
Reading converted to mg chloride ion/litre by
reference to calibration table


QUANTAB CHLORIDE TEST
Use of low range test strips for normal
purpose
High range test strips may over estimate
chloride concentration
Can be used by staff without specialist
Sufficient accuracy
Total time required approximately 30
minutes
ASTM C803
Guide to non destructive testing of
concrete(U.S. Department of transportation)
Guide book on nondestructive testing of
concrete structures(International atomic
energy agency , Vienna)
Testing of concrete in structures (by John H.
Bungey,Stefen G. Millard and Michael
G.Grantham)

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