What not to do in a beach resort 1

Bali
2
The topic what not to do in a beach resort sounds sarcastic to the
designs of resorts by Architects in Baali , but its important for an
architect to understand the Myths of a couture, its religious value
and its living organisms.
I will tell you why????
Architecture carries meaning

Architecture is used by all cultures to communicate ideas, beliefs and values

In the context of this discussion, non- western refers to cultures and societies that
were not influenced by European civilizations
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Traditional or vernacular built environments
(ie: buildings and settlements) in non western cultures may appear
haphazard and chaotic to the casual observer,

but,

they usually have profound meaning and symbolism to those who have
built use these environments.

The architectural order and logic is only known when one understands
the social systems, cultural values, religious beliefs and lifestyles of the
users of these traditional buildings and settlements.
4
Forces of change in the built
environment of non-western
societies

Colonization/ forms of government
Need or regional/national identity
Rapid economic growth
Modernization
Urbanization
Westernization
Globalization



5
Let us go through a short study on Bali,
its life style and its religious, cultural
and traditional architectural values
which were adopted for designing on
beach resort without even
understanding them and the peoples
belief
6
Religious values and beliefs in baali
Bali is home to the only
surviving Hindu culture
(outside of the Indian
Subcontinent) which
continues a way of life
whose roots are in
classical Hinduism and
which remains vibrant and
alive to this day.
Bali,
Indonesia
Bali- Island of 10,000 temples
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Terraced rice paddies, Bali
Religious values and beliefs in baali
Bali the morning of the world, .Jawaharlal Nehru
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Religious values and beliefs in baali
The rhythms of everyday life in Bali are controlled
by
religious duties, life-cycle ceremonies and
numerous temple festivals
Religion and rituals occupy a central role in the life of Balinese of all ages
Religious values and beliefs in baali
Balinese women prepare the offerings and
carry them to the temples sometimes in
colorful processions accompanied by musicians

Temple ceremonies typically last a couple of days
Display of various temple offerings
made of fruits, flowers , cereals, sweets etc.
Religious values and beliefs in baali
Like all Hindus the Balinese believe
in reincarnation and cremate their
dead.

Their cremations are elaborate
spectacles involving much cost,
preparation and community
participation
Traditional architecture in Bali, Indonesia

The geography of the Island corresponds to
this belief in a tripartite universe
Middle world - humans - rice fields
Traditional architecture in Bali, Indonesia

Middle world - humans - rice fields
Orientation Axis
Mountain (sacred) - Sea (profane)
East (birth) - West (death)
Ordering device
Tripartite order of the universe
Upper world Gods
Middle world Humans
Lower world Demons

Traditional architecture in Bali, Indonesia

Middle world - humans - rice fields
Traditional architecture in Bali, Indonesia

Ordering device
Tripartite order of the universe
Upper world Gods
Middle world Humans
Lower world Demons

Traditional architecture in Bali, Indonesia

1. Family Temple.
The house temple called Sanggah or Merajan, is
the place to worship the ancestor and the Hyang
Guru.
2. Sleeping Pavilion.
This building usually a large eight-post structure on
a high base. A terrace usually attached for
receiving guests at family ceremony.
3. West Pavilion
The west pavilion or Bale dauh, is the workhouse
of the compound. Serving the variety of
purposes, from gathering place to sleeping
quarters.
4. Ceremonial Pavilion
The east pavilion, or bale dangin is the
ceremonial pavilion. The place is where the life
rites and death rituals occur.
5. Sakenam
The guest pavilion for relatives and children varies
in size and number according to the needs.
6. Granary
Or the lumbung or jineng is the storage area for
rice.
7. Kitchen
Or paon is in the south because of the
association with Brahma (the god of fire) whose
place in the south.
8. Protective Wall
Or aling-aling, most behind the gates to deflect
the malign influences.

Toward sea
Traditional architecture in Bali, Indonesia

Typical construction of the basic Balinese
building which is known as a bale.

No nails are used and joints are slotted,
pegged or mortised
Traditional architecture in Bali, Indonesia

Symbolism in Traditional Balinese Architecture
Roof
head
Upper world
Gods
Sacred
Supporting structure
Body
Middle world
Humans
Secular
Base
Feet
Lower world
Demons
Profane
A traditional Balinese house consists of several pavilion- like
structures (bale) loosely arranged within a walled compound
according to their function and symbolic significance .
When all the traditional rules are applied the house compound
becomes asymbolic microcosm of the Balinese universe
Traditional architecture in Bali, Indonesia

Symbolism in Traditional Balinese Architecture
Balinese Architectural elements

Gates
The type of gate signifies the caste
or social status of the inhabitant


Candi Bentar- Split gateway
Only used for outer courts of
temples
Kori Agung grand gates for
inner courts of temples and
palaces
Kori- decorated gate for
houses of upper castes
Ankul Ankul- simple gateways
for houses of lower castes
Traditional architecture in Bali, Indonesia

Symbolism in Traditional Balinese Architecture
Roofs
The shape of the roof signifies the
ritual significance of the structure
Pyramidal roof sacred buildings
such as alters and shrines
Hipped roofs secular building for
human activities of living, sleeping,
cooking and working

Roof materials
Ijuk- a black fibre from palm trees, it is used for
sacred buildings because it is from the upper part
of the tree and closer to the upper world of the
gods
Alang alang a type of long grass used for secular
buildings because it grows closer to the earth and
the human world

Traditional architecture in Bali, Indonesia

Symbolism in Traditional Balinese Architecture
Temples consists of three courtyards
Tripartite arrangement extends to all this Balinese and all traditional
Balinese built structures

Decorations and
embellishment were
Stipulated in the ancient
architectural
Manuals according to
building function
and caste of owner
Surface decoration
21
Adoption of balis principles miss- inplemented on resort designs
Contemporary Bali

Tourism
and
commercialization
of culture
Is changing the built environment
and eroding meaning and
symbolism from the traditional
architectural language
Split gateways are now used
insensitively as entrances
to hotel, government offices,
parking lots, etc.

Traditional embellishment
is used on shops and commercial
buildings to create a
Balinese appearance Thatched roofed cottages 1930s
Thatched roofed cottages have become
the norm fpr tourist lodging today
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Form of traditional temple drum tower used as water tank in a hotel
Adoption of balis principles miss- inplemented on resort designs
23
Rooms arranged like walled Balinese
house compounds in a traditional village
Amandari Resort,
Bali, (early 1980s)
Architect: Peter Muller
Swimming pool imitates the shapes
of flooded rice terraces
Open air bathroom creates
the experience of traditional
outdoor bathing places
Adoption of balis principles miss- inplemented on resort designs
Adoption of balis principles miss- inplemented on resort designs
Negative aspects of tourism and
commercialization of culture
machine made materials are replacing natural
materials thus destroying the Balinese emphasis
on harmony between the natural and the
man-made environment

Cheap and meaningless architectural decorations
Are mass produced using cement rather than carved
soap stone

Traditional materials are scarce and have become
unaffordable for ordinary people
Adoption of balis principles miss- inplemented on resort designs
Positive aspects of tourism
There is now employment for
craftsmen and continuity of
traditional building crafts particularly
for temples
(and for high end hotels)
The Balinese people are taking more pride in their traditional
environment and are actively involved in legislation to protect,
conserve, and sustain it.
Adoption of balis principles miss- implemented on resort designs
Drawing upon the spectacular
Borobudur, Indonesia
Borobudur
Amanjiwo Hotel,
Yogyakata , Java , Indonesia
Architect, Ed Tuttle
Walkways at Amanjiwo imitate the steep staircases at the Borobudur Stupa
Traditional built environments like that of Bali
are also good examples of sustainability because
of:

Use of Materials
Response to climate
Accommodation of culture/social order
Harmony between the natural & man made
environment

However without understanding local building
traditions, meaning and other social, cultural or
religious aspects of traditional architectural forms
sustainability is compromised and may no longer
be possible