Presented by: Group 5

Biotherapy
Biotherapy (also known as Immunotherapy)
is the use of medication that increases the ability
of the immune system to fight cancer and
infection. It can also reduce some side effects of
cancer treatment.



Biotherapy
Immunotherapy Types
Active immunotherapy
Passive immunotherapy
Active Immunotherapy
It is the type of immunotherapy that attempts to
stimulate the host intrinsic immune response to a
disease

Specific active immunotherapy

Non specific active immunotherapy

Specific active immunotherapy
The generation of cell mediated and antibody immune
responses focused on specific antigen.
Eg. cancer vaccines

Non specific immunotherapy
The generation of general immune system responseusing
cytokines

Cancer vaccines

Cellular therapies

Adjuvants


Specific Active Immunotherapy
Cancer vaccines are active immunotherapy because
they meant to trigger the patient immune system to
respond.
Cancer vaccines may contain cancer cells ,part of the
cell, or purified tumor specific antigen.
Two categories of cancer vaccine

Cell based
in which the patient cancer cell is cultured with patients
own immune system cells and derived back to the same
patient.
Vector based
in which the engineered virus or other vector issued to
introduce cancer specific proteins and other
molecule in order to stimulate the patient immune system
to recognize the tumor cells to fight the cancer.

Examples

Tumor cell vaccines-kidney,ovarian breast cancer
Antigen vaccines-prostate,colorectal cancer.
Dentritic cell vaccine
DNA vaccines
Vector based vaccines

Cellular Therapies
Cellular therapies
These are single type agent derived from the cancer
patients which are modified in the laboratory to become
more adapt at recognizing and killing the tumor cells
This type of immunotherapy is designed to boost specific
part of immune system to cause tumor cell death
Vaccines in contrast attempts to get the body immune
system react to specific antigen
Eg. lymphocyte activated killer cell therapy
Adjuvant Immunotherapy
Adjuvant immunotherapy
an adjuvant is an any material which when
injected together with an antigenic protein or
other substance like monoclonal antibodies,
cancer vaccines increases or boost the immune
response to the particular system.
Eg; BCG vaccine
Non Specific Immunotherapy
Cytokines
destruction of tumor cell by two
mechanism

Indirect enhancement of antitumor

Passive Immunotherapy
Passive immunotherapy
this comprised of antibodies and other immune
system component that are made outside
the body and administered to the patient to
provide immunity against the disease. It do
not stimulate a patient immune system
to actively respond to a disease in the way
vaccines does.
Monoclonal antibodies thearapy
Cytokine inhibitors
Tolerance induction
IV immunoglobulin

Monoclonal Antibody Therapy
Types
Naked monoclonal antibodies
eg . Cetuximab ;trastuzumab
Conjugated monoclonal antibodies antibodies contain
immunotoxin
eg.gemtuzumab
Radiolabelled antibodies
eg;tositumomab
Chemolabelled antibodies
eg;brentuximab
Cytokines Inhibitor
CYTOKINES INHIBITOR
these are cytokine specific substance that inhibit the
biological activities of specific cytokines in a number of
different ways
Production can be blocked
Eg; etanercept
Intracellular process which produce the active protein can be
inhibited
Cytokines can be neutralized in the circulation
eg; infliximab
Specific receptor can be blocked
eg; kineret

Antibodies Mechanism of Action Uses
kineret IL alpha antagonist Rheumatoid arthritis
Sepsis
osteoarthritis
Infliximab TNF alpha antagonistic Ulcerative colitis
Ankylosing spondylites
Chrons disease
enarcept TNF alpha antagonistic Rheumatoid arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis
Ankylosing spondylites
IV Immunoglobulins
It contains the pooled IgG extracted from the plasma of
over one thousand blood donors.
IVIG's effects last between 2 weeks and 3 months.
It is mainly used as treatment in three major categories:
Immune deficiencies .
Autoimmune diseases e.g. Immune thrombocytopenia
Acute infections.