PUNCTUATION CLUES

By: Group 5

Leader : Tentrem Sartika (201212500680)
Member : Nanik Rahayu (201212500412)
Julia Sagita (201212500644)
Nia Rahmawati (201212500315)
Tri Lestari (201212500335 )
Nur Rizqi Zakiyah (201212500337)
Tri Alfiani (201212500340)
Suharyani (201212500421)
Herawati Dewi (201212500297)

Class : X-C
English Education Program
Faculty Of Langguage And Art
UNIVERSITY OF INDRAPRASTA PGRI

COMMA PAIRS (,)

A Basic principle of punctuation is that any group of
words which begins with who, whom, and Which and
is set off with commas can be lifted out of a sentence
without changing the main of the sentence.

when you read a long sentence that is difficult to
understand. You can skip all such groups of words set
off with commas and still understand the main topic

Example 1:
Ray, Who Has been a well-known actor in hollywood
for many years, will be our speaker tonight

sgj/FPO
Comma Pairs can Commpletely change the
meaning of a sentece

Example :
a. All my Jewels, which were in my safe were stolen
b. All my Jewels which ere in my safe were stolen

Whenever a sentence begins with a word ending in
ing and the phrase that follows is set off with comma,
this part of the sentence does not usually contain the
main idea.
Example : Being much shorter than the average
American of today, the ancient Egyptians, who gave
the world its first taste of civilization according to
many historians, made furniture which would be
considered small by our modern standards.


THE DASH ( - )
The tree special uses of the dash which can be used
to guide the reader to better concrete power in
comprehension are:
Generally, the material between the dashes is used
primarily to explain what has just been. Thus a dash is
often used in place of Rest-Stop semaphores,
frequently replacing such words as: that is, that is to
say, in other words, namely, specifically, to be specific
the dash can also be used when the author wishes to
emphasize an idea . Following are two techniques often
used. * dash + but/and
The dash plus such words as this, these, and all is
used to indicate that a summary is coming.

THE COLON ( : )
used to indicate that a list statement making the
preceding general statement clear will follow.

Example 14:
a. I found that there are four kinds of men in my college:
those who are seeking prestige, those who are
seeking a career, those who are too lazy to go to work,
and those who wanted an excuse to leave home. (The
colon here means 'specifically')
b. A complete reading program should include four
factors: one good book each week, a
newspaper or news magazine, magazines of comment
and interpretation, and book reviews.


PARENTHESES ( )
Parentheses have about the same use as comma
pairs and the dash. The basic difference is that
parentheses contain only supplementary material
which can always be skipped when reading for the
main idea.

Example 15:
a) Sandy, Utah (that place will always hold pleasant
memories for me) will no doubt be the permanent
residence of Henry Smith.
b) Lucille was adored (I have spent some time looking for
the right verb, and that's it) by the members of the
staff.

ELLIPSIS ( . . . )
An ellipsis, a punctuation mark of three spaced
periods ( . . . ) , indicates that something has been left
out. Since textbooks are usually written to present
accumulated knowledge and not to persuade or
influence, the omissions are the result of an attemp
to condense material being quoted. This, however
may not be true in controversial publications (for
example, political articles) which are intended to
persuade the reader to accept a
certain point of view. Thus * when you see an ellipsis
in quoted material in a controversial article, try to
read the quoted material in its original form before
accepting the point of view of the condensed version.
Example 16:
a) "One of the first to see the possibilities of the western campaign
was S. S. Smith. Smith was a graduate of Williams. He fought
bravely in the Mexican War. . . . When the Civil War started, he . .
. returned to army life and distinguished himself as a military
strategist. . . .

b) (The original) "One of the first to see the possibilities of the
western campaign was S. S. Smith. Smith was a graduate of
Williams. He had fought bravely in the Mexican War for a short
period of time; but one day while he was under pressure from the
attacking enemy forces, he deserted his post and fled into the
hills. When the Civil War started, he changed his name, returned
to army life, and distinguished himself as a military strategist. But
again, when he was under heavy fire from the enemy and he saw
his forces being wiped out, he ordered his first lieutenant of)' his
horse, took the horse for himself, and sped off into the night,
never to be heard of again.
Note: The author who used the shortened version (a) could have been
paid to write a "good" biography of S.S. Smith.
BRACKETS [ ]
Brackets [ ]
words set off with brackets with quoted material
cannot be skipped when reading for the main idea.
Brackets in this instance indicate that the author is
adding something which was not in the original
material being quoted.

example : the [farm] worker should be better
represented .

explanation : by putting farm in brackets , the author
is saying that this word was not in the original
statement which is being quoted, but in his opinion
farm worker is what was intended by worker.
office worker, are not being discussed

SIC
The word sic (meaning thus) is inserted in quoted
material to point out that a particular error or some
other irregularity occurs in the original . it also usually
appears brackets.

example :
The following message was received: proceed with
all possible sped [sic] to the nearest hospital.

explanation : here the author wants to make clear
that speed was misspelled in the original.

CONCLUSION

So the conclusion is all the punctuation clues have
their own function to support the sentences in the
paragraph. It could give more meaning about the
previous word or it only just to explain the sentence. It
depends on what kind of sentence which need the
punctuation clue and you have to put the right
punctuation for every sentence that you want to
explain. Because, once you use the wrong or
unsuitable punctuation, it will give a different meaning
for the reader. You have to understand the function
before use it in your sentence.


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