DISASTER

MANAGEMENT
CYCLE
By: Marrose Arra Placides BSN 4C
What is Disaster Management?
It is the discipline of dealing with and
avoiding risks.

It involves preparing for a disaster
before it happens, disaster response as
well as supporting, and rebuilding society
after natural or human-made disasters
have occurred.

What is Cycle?
A series of events that are
regularly repeated in the
same order .
What is pre-impact?
The pre-impact phase includes both the
warning period as well as the inter-disaster
period.

It is characterized by disaster planning and
preparatory procedures.
What is impact?
In this, the citizens encounter the full impact
of the disaster hazards, the forces of harm.

This phase is characterized by maximum
likelihood of bodily injury and death, physical
destruction and widespread community
disruption.
Heroic phase
In the immediate aftermath of a disaster
event, survival, rescuing others, and promoting
safety are priorities.

While activity level may be high, actual
productivity is often low.
Under impact phase..
Disillusionment
The rescues are over. In this phase,
optimism fades as disappointment, anger and
resentment surface. As survivors come to the
reality of the situation, negative emotions
dominate.
Under the Post-impact Phase..

Under the Post-impact Phase..

In this phase, people reconcile themselves
to the new reality and come to terms with new
situations.
Grief and anger are replaced by
acceptance. This process may continue for
many years until the new normal is
established.




Reconstruction Phase
PRINCIPLES OF
DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
1. Comprehensive
emergency practitioners consider and
take into account all hazards, all phases,
all stakeholders and all impacts relevant
to disasters.
2.Progressive
emergency practitioners anticipate
future disasters and take preventive and
preparatory measures to build disaster
resistant and disaster-resilient
communities.

3. Collaborative
emergency practitioners create and sustain
broad and sincere relationships among
individuals and organizations to encourage
trust, advocate a team atmosphere, build
consensus, and facilitate communication.
4. Flexible
emergency practitioners use creative
and innovative approaches in solving
disaster challenges.
5. Professional
emergency practitioners value a science
and knowledge-based approach; based on
education, training, experience, ethical
practice, public stewardship and continuous
improvement.


PHASES OF
DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
PROGRAM
1. Mitigation
Mitigation involves thinking of ways to
lessen the effects of damage to certain
structures and planning so that any impact
from a future disaster will be ameliorated, or
eliminated, if possible.
This is done in an attempt to reduce or
eliminate future risks.


Mitigation activities fall broadly into two
categories:

1. Structural mitigation

Are actions that change
the characteristics of a
building, houses etc.
2 . Non-structural
mitigation

The policies and practices
which raise awareness of
hazards or encourage
developments to reduce
the impact of disasters.

Example of Structural Mitigation
In earthquake prone areas, people might also
make structural changes such as the installation
of an Earthquake valves and seismic retrofits of
property.
In areas prone to prolonged electricity black-
outs installation of a generator would be an
example of an optimal structural mitigation
measure.
Storm Cellar
Example of a storm cellar
2. Preparedness
It is a state of readiness to respond to a
disaster, crisis, or other emergency situation. The
simplest example of a preparedness exercise
would be an evacuation drill.


Good preparedness means proper planning,
resource allocation, training, and simulated
disaster response exercises.

3. Response
Disaster response work includes any actions
taken in the midst of or immediately following
an emergency, including efforts to save lives
and to prevent further property damage.
Ideally, disaster response involves putting
already established disaster preparedness plans
into motion.
Aims of disaster response are:

To ensure the survival of the maximum possible
number of victims, keeping them in the best
possible health in the circumstances.

To re-establish self-sufficiency and
essential services as quickly as
possible for all population groups, with
special attention to those
whose needs are greatest: the most
vulnerable and underprivileged.

To repair or replace damaged
infrastructure and regenerate viable
economic activities

In situations of civil or international

conflict, the aim is to protect and assist
the civilian population.

Evacuation and Migration
Evacuation involves the relocation of a
population from zones at risk of an imminent
disaster to a safer location. The primary
concern is the protection of life of the
community and immediate treatment of those
who may be injured.

Disaster Response Activities:
Migration
This movement is usually not organized but is
a spontaneous response to the perception by
the migrants that food and/or security can be
obtained elsewhere.
Search and rescue (SAR)
Search and rescue (SAR) is the process
of identifying the location of disaster victims
that may be trapped or isolated and bringing
them to safety and medical attention.
Post-disaster assessment

The primary objective of assessment is to
provide a clear, concise picture of the post-
disaster situation, to identify relief needs and to
develop strategies for recovery.
Response and relief

Relief is the provision on a humanitarian
basis of material aid and emergency medical
care necessary to save and preserve human
lives.
It also enables families to meet their
basic needs for medical and health care,
shelter, clothing, water, and food (including the
means to prepare food)
Communication and information
management
One is the equipment
that is essential for
information flow, such as
radios, telephones and
their supporting systems
of repeaters, satellites,
and transmission lines.

The other is information
management: the
protocol of knowing who
communicates what
information to whom,
what priority is given to it,
and how it is
disseminated and
interpreted.

4. Recovery
Disaster recovery: Disaster recovery
happens after damages have been assessed,
and involves actions to return the affected
community to its pre-disaster state or better
and ideally to make it less vulnerable to future
risk
Recovery activities are classified as
short-term and long-term.
Short-term Recovery
The authorities restore interrupted utility services,
clear roads, and either fix or demolish severely
damaged buildings.
Additionally, there may be a need to provide
food and shelter for those displaced by the
disaster.
Although called short-term, some of
these activities may last for weeks.


Long-term recovery
Recovery may involve some of the same activities,
like in short term recovery but it may continue for a
number of months, sometimes years, depending
on the severity and extent of the damage
sustained.

For example, it may include the complete
redevelopment of damaged areas.

The goal is for the community to return to a state
that is even better than before the emergency.