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A tsunami is a series of enormous water waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, usually from earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic eruptions. Tsunamis have three stages: generation by a disturbance of the seafloor; propagation as waves that can travel across oceans at high speeds; and inundation, when the waves reach land and flood coastal areas. Undersea earthquakes are a major cause of tsunamis due to the displacement of water they generate. Tsunamis can cause massive loss of life through drowning and spread diseases through contaminated waters. Advance preparation through evacuation planning and public education is vital to minimize damage from these devastating waves.
A tsunami is a series of enormous water waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, usually from earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic eruptions. Tsunamis have three stages: generation by a disturbance of the seafloor; propagation as waves that can travel across oceans at high speeds; and inundation, when the waves reach land and flood coastal areas. Undersea earthquakes are a major cause of tsunamis due to the displacement of water they generate. Tsunamis can cause massive loss of life through drowning and spread diseases through contaminated waters. Advance preparation through evacuation planning and public education is vital to minimize damage from these devastating waves.
A tsunami is a series of enormous water waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, usually from earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic eruptions. Tsunamis have three stages: generation by a disturbance of the seafloor; propagation as waves that can travel across oceans at high speeds; and inundation, when the waves reach land and flood coastal areas. Undersea earthquakes are a major cause of tsunamis due to the displacement of water they generate. Tsunamis can cause massive loss of life through drowning and spread diseases through contaminated waters. Advance preparation through evacuation planning and public education is vital to minimize damage from these devastating waves.
two Japanese words tsu harbour and nami wave. They are a series of enormous water waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of water , usually from oceans or lakes. Tsunami waves have a much longer wavelength than normal sea waves. They may arrive at shores in periods ranging from hours to minutes. A tsunami wave has 3 stages ; Generation Propagation Inundation
A tsunami wave has 3 stages ; Generation Propagation Inundation A tsunami wave has 3 stages ; Generation Propagation Inundation First the harbour is peaceful Then all the water is sucked in Then a wall of water hits the shore Undersea earthquakes Undersea landslides Volcanic activities Asteroid Impacts Undersea earthquakes are one of the chief reasons for the occurrence of tsunamis. Tsunamis are formed when the sea floor abruptly deforms , displacing the water present over it. The 2011 earthquake of the Japanese Pacific coast caused a lot of damage to property , apart from taking 16,000 lives.
Undersea Landslides Tsunamis generated due to landslides are known as mega tsunamis , as their height is much more than those caused by earthquakes. Landslides cause a massive amount of displacement , disturbing the water present in bodies. An example of this is the Papua New Guinean 1998 tsunami.
Volcanic Eruptions Volcanic eruptions are a less common cause for tsunami generation. Land-based volcanoes may collapse and force a large amount of debris into water bodies , causing widespread displacement of water. For example , the eruption of the Krakatoa volcano between Java and Sumatra (Indonesia) caused a tsunami in which 36,000 perished.
An asteroid impact into the ocean could cause tsunami. Fortunately, this should be rare and there are no documented accounts of an asteroid having generated tsunami.
Death :
The tsunami that struck South Asia and East African on December 24 2004 killed a staggering 31,187 people in Sri Lanka. There were 4,280 missing people and a further 23,189 were injured. - There is very little warning before Tsunamis hit. This means that people living in towns and villages on the coast do not have time to escape . Unfortunately one of the biggest and worst effects of a Tsunami is the cost to human life. Hundreds and thousands of people are killed by Tsunamis.
Diseases - Disease can also spread from the dead bodies that begin to rot on the ground once the water has subsided. This was the case in Indonesia in 2004. In fact, one BBC security guard actually burned the corpse of a baby because it had become infested with maggots and the risk of disease spreading caused a risk to the television crew. - Tsunamis flood the areas closest to the coast. This can cause disease to spread in the stagnant water . Illnesses such as malaria form when water is stagnant and contaminated.
Psychological effects - Tsunami victims suffer psychology problems in the days and weeks after the destruction. This could even continue for years - often their entire life time. - A study by the World Health Organization on survivors of the tsunami in Sri Lanka on December 24 2004 found that three to four weeks after the tsunami between 14 and 39 per cent of the children had post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
1. Evacuate on foot if at all possible because of potential traffic jams. 2. Stay away from potentially hazardous areas until you receive an ALL CLEAR from local officials. Dangerous waves can persist for several hours, and local officials must inspect all flooded or earthquake-damaged structures before anyone can go back into them. 3. If you need help evacuating, tie something WHITE (sheet or towel) to the front door knob. Make it large enough to be visible from the street. If the emergency is a distant tsunami, then help may arrive. In the event of a local earthquake and tsunami, it is unlikely that anyone will help you, so make a plan and be prepared!
4. After evacuation, check with the local area commander if you can help with special skills or need assistance with locating lost family.
Steps: Learn about the potential for danger in advance. It is important to consider in advance whether or not you live somewhere that could potentially face a tsunami. It is likely that you are at some risk if: Your home, school, or workplace is in a coastal region, near the sea. The elevation of your home, school or workplace is at sea level or fairly low and on flat or only slightly undulating land. If you don't know the elevation level of your home, school or workplace, find out. Some local authorities use elevation as a warning indicator.
There are warning signs indicating that your area is prone to tsunamis. Your local authorities have issued information about the potential for tsunamis. Natural sea barriers such as levees of dunes have been removed for development. Tsunamis have struck your coastal region in the past. Do some library research or ask at the local government office. FEMA has a website enabling online flood risk searches. Your home, school, or workplace etc. buildings are not tsunami resistant.
Prepare in advance. If your research demonstrates that you are at risk, prepare both an evacuation plan and a safety pack. Assemble a safety pack. Food, water, and a first aid kit are among the basics required. Keep the safety pack somewhere obvious, well-known to everyone in the building and easy to grab in an emergency. It can also help to leave a raincoat or other coat for each person near the safety pack. Assemble a personal survival pack for each person in the family, and a family survival pack with common items for everyone. Include a supply of necessary medications for each member of the family. Don't forget survival items for your pets. Develop a personal evacuation plan. An evacuation plan must be prepared in advance to be of use. In developing one, consider your family, your workplace, your school and your wider community.
If necessary, begin to develop a community-wide evacuation plan if nothing is being done in your community. Take the initiative to start developing the plan, and involve local authorities and other residents. Lack of evacuation plans and local warning systems put you, your family and your entire community at increased risk for injury or death during and after a tsunami. These are the things that should be part of a successful evacuation plan: Discuss with family and colleagues the various options for evacuation. Conduct practice drills to ensure that all members of the community are clear about what they need to do and where they need to go during a safety evacuation. Include a plan that can ensure a head count of every single member of the community; ensure that assistance for disabled or ill persons can be provided Ensure that warning and evacuation signals are understood by the community in advance - distribute pamphlets or give lectures to ensure that everybody is aware. Read Understand Tsunami Notification Terms. Remember to provide multiple safety routes owing to the possibility of an earthquake destroying roads and other infrastructure, preventing exit using some routes.
Take action. If a tsunami is likely to make landfall on your coastal region, react immediately. Put into place the Evacuation Plan. Actions should include: Move inland, and to high ground. Immediate movement away from the coast, lagoons or other bodies of water next to the coast is essential. This means going up to higher ground and even into hills or mountains. Always head away from the coast and keep moving inland. Climb high. If you cannot head inland because you are trapped, head up. Although not ideal, if this is your only option, choose a high, sturdy and solid building and climb up it. Go as high as you possibly can, even onto the roof.
React quickly if you are caught up in the water. If you did not manage to evacuate but find yourself caught up in the tsunami for one reason or another, there are things that you can do to try and survive: Grab onto something that floats. Use a floating object as a raft to keep yourself above the water. Items that float such as tree trunks, doors, fishing equipment etc. may be in the water with you. FOR WATCHING