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Introduction

of Chemistry
Definition of Science

• Science is the study of accumulated


and accepted knowledge, which has
been systematize and formulated to
serve as the basic for the discovery
of general truths.
Scientific Method
• Refers to a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new
knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. To be termed
scientific, a method of inquiry must be based on gathering observable,
empirical and measurable evidence subject to specific principles of
reasoning. A scientific method consists of the collection of data through
observation and experimentation, and the formulation and testing of
hypotheses.

• Although procedures vary from one field of inquiry to another, identifiable


features distinguish scientific inquiry from other methodologies of
knowledge. Scientific researchers propose hypotheses as explanations of
phenomena, and design experimental studies to test these hypotheses.
These steps must be repeatable in order to dependably predict any future
results. Theories that encompass wider domains of inquiry may bind many
hypotheses together in a coherent structure. This in turn may help form
new hypotheses or place groups of hypotheses into context.

• Among other facets shared by the various fields of inquiry is the conviction
that the process be objective to reduce biased interpretations of the results.
Another basic expectation is to document, archive and share all data and
methodology so they are available for careful scrutiny by other scientists,
thereby allowing other researchers the opportunity to verify results by
attempting to reproduce them. This practice, called full disclosure, also
allows statistical measures of the reliability of these data to be established.
Different Branches
of Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
• This branch of chemistry deals with the
study of the organic matter. The substances
that primarily consist of carbon and
hydrogen are termed as organic. The
discipline that deals with the study of the
structure, composition and the chemical
properties of organic compounds is known as
organic chemistry. This branch also deals
with the chemical reactions that are used in
the preparation of organic chemical
compounds .
Inorganic Chemistry
• It is the branch of chemistry that relates to the
structure, composition and behavior of inorganic
compounds. All the substances other than the
carbon-hydrogen compounds are classified under
the group of inorganic substances. Oxides,
sulphides and carbonates form the important
classes of inorganic compounds. Industrial
inorganic chemistry deals with the branch of
applied science such as the manufacture of
fertilizers, while the descriptive inorganic
chemistry deals with the classification of
compounds based on their properties.
Analytical Chemistry
• This is a very important branch of
chemistry that deals with the analysis of
the chemical properties of natural and
man-made materials. The study does not
restrict itself to any particular type of
chemical compounds. Instrumental analysis
is a prominent part of modern analytical
chemistry. Analytical chemistry primarily
deals with the study of the chemicals
present in a substance, in what quantity
they are, and how they define the chemical
properties of the substance .
Physical Chemistry
• This branch of chemistry applies the theories
of physics to atoms and subatomic particles.
When physical chemistry is applied to the
chemical interaction between atoms and
subatomic particles, the study is known by
the name, quantum mechanics. It is a
relatively vast field that deals with
intermolecular forces, rates of chemical
reactions as well the conductivity of different
materials.
Biochemistry
• This discipline of chemistry represents a peep of
biology into chemistry. It deals with the structure
and behavior of the components of cells and the
chemical processes in living beings. The complex
and large biomolecules are usually composed of
similar units that repeat. The complex molecules
are known as polymers and the basic units they
are composed of, are known as monomers.
Biochemistry deals with the study of cellular
constituents like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids,
and nucleic acids as also the chemical processes
that occur in cells.
Nuclear Chemistry
• It is a popular and one of the very important
branches of chemistry that studies radioactivity. It
revolves around the study of the nuclear
properties of and the chemical processes in
radioactive substances. This branch also covers
the study of the equipment used for the
performance of nuclear processes. The effects of
the absorption of radiation, the production and
use of radioactive materials and radiotherapy
come under this branch of chemistry. Nuclear
chemistry also deals with the non-radioactive
areas of life.
Chemistry
Chemistry
• That branch of science which treats of the
composition of substances, and of the changes
which they undergo in consequence of alterations
in the constitution of the molecules, which depend
upon variations of the number, kind, or mode of
arrangement, of the constituent atoms. These
atoms are not assumed to be indivisible, but
merely the finest grade of subdivision hitherto
attained. Chemistry deals with the changes in the
composition and constitution of molecules. See
Atom, Molecule.
The Importance of
Chemistry
• How important is chemistry? For many, chemistry is
considered the central science due to its significant
connections and overlaps with other sciences. If a
scientific discipline involves matter, chances are that
chemistry is playing an important role.
A large amount of research breakthroughs in physics
would not have been possible without the use of
principles and methods of chemistry. The development
of specialised drugs to cure diseases and
understanding of biological and geological systems
would be unimaginable if it weren't for the contribution
from chemistry. The list of examples is potentially
endless.
Brief History of
Chemistry
Pr epar ed By:
Grant Roy Mercado
Act Gabriel
Norman Gamueta
Kirby Lingad
Jodonel Paule
Moises Pineda
Sherwin Romero
END!

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