Power Gen in India at a glance

Total Installed Capacity is

1,76,990.40 MW
Coal -96,743.38 MW
54.66%
Gas - 17,706.35 MW
10.00%
Oil - 1,199.75 MW
0.67%
Hydro -37,367.4 MW
21.53%
Nuclear-4,780 MW 2.7%
RE -18,454.52 MW 10.42%

WIND POWER

Total installed
Tamil Nadu
Maharashtra
Karnataka
Rajasthan
Gujarat
Andhra Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Kerala
West Bengal
Other states

-12009.14 MW
-4132.72 MW,
-1837.85 MW,
-1184.45 MW,
-670.97 MW,
-1432.71 MW,
-122.45 MW,
-187.69 MW,
-23.00 MW,
-1.10 MW,
-3.20 MW

Generation

Year
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2009-10

Generation (BU) Growth (%)

704.5
6.3
723.8
2.7
771.6
6.6
571.6
-

(till December 2009)

2010-11
(till December 2010)

597.6

4.5*

Energy Generation
Year

Energy Requirements
(Mu)

2007-08 737052
2008-09 777039
2009-10 830594
2009-10 617907
(till December 2009)
2010-11 638067
(till December 2010)

Energy Availability
(Mu)

Energy Shortage
(Mu)

Energy Shortage
(%)

664660
691038
746644
557308

72392
86001
83950
60599

9.8
11.1
10.1
9.8

582163

55904

8.8

PLF
Year

Central
(%)

2007-08 86.7
2008-09 84.3
2009-10 85.49
(till December 2009)
2010-11 83.13
(till December 2010)

State
(%)

Private
(%)

Overall
(%)

71.9
71.2
70.9

90.8
91
82.41

78.8
77.2
77.53

63.93

79.7

72.88

GAS TURBINE OVERVIEW

GAS TURBINE THEORY

GAS TURBINE
Principle of working:- Works on
Braton Cycle with two nos. Adiabatic
processes
of
compression
&
expansion in compressor and turbine
respectively and Two processes at
constant pressure i.e. Heat addition in
combustion chambers and exhaust at
constant pressure.

GAS TURBINE
Principle of Operation:- Rotor is initially
brought to speed by starting means.
Atmospheric
air
is
drawn
into
the
compressor and raised to static pressure
more than the atmospheric. This high
pressure air is allowed to pass through
continuous flow Combustion Chambers
where fuel is ignited with high voltage
igniters. The product of combustion is
expanded in the turbine which cause it to
spin and thus applying a torque to the
driven accessories i.e. Generator

WORKING PRINCIPLE
BRATON
CYCLE

BRAYTON CYCLE

Developed by Georg Brayton (1832

-1890)
Heat is added and discharged at
constant pressure
Applied in Gas Turbines (GT)
(Combustion Turbines)

BRAYTON CYCLE

Efficiency
(K-1)/K

= 1 1/ rp
where

rp = compressor pressure ratio = p2/p1

k = gas constant

The Actual
Thermodynamic
cycle
For all practical reasons
the actual thermal
efficiency will depend
on

Pressure ratio
Turbine inlet Temp
Compressor inlet temp
Efficiency of Compressor
and Turbine

PRESSURE & TEMP.

VARIATION IN GT

SIMPLE CYCLE SINGLE SHAFT GT

SIMPLE SHAFT TWO SHAFT GT

DESIGNATION O F GAS TURBINES

GE MAKE GT MODELS
Model
ISO Rating (kw)
ISO Efficiency (%)
(1) MS1002
5070
24.5
(2) MS3142(J)
10450
25.6
(3) PG5371(PA)
26300
28.5
(4) PG6581(B)
42100
32.0
(5) PG6111(FA)
75900
35.0
(6) PG9171(E)
123400
33.8
(7) PG9231(EC)
169200
34.9
(8) PG9351(FA)
255600
36.5
(9) PG9551(H)
380,000
Note: ISO output is : 15 deg C, 60% RH, Zero MSL, Gas fuel
and standard Inlet/Exh. Pr. drops

DIFFERENT MAKE GAS TURBINES

OEM

Conventional

Advance (F/FA class)

Model

GT ISO
Output
(MW)

Net CC
Efficiency
(%)

Model

GT ISO
Output
(MW)

Net CC
Efficiency
(%)

9E

126.10

52.7

9FA

255.6

57.1

159.40

52.2

V94.3A 265.9

57.3

MHI

701DA 144.09

51.6

701F

270.3

57.0

Alstom

13E2

52.9

GT 26

263.0

56.3

GE

Siemens V94.2

165.10

GAS TURBINE

GAS TURBINE BASICS

FLANGE TO FLANGE VIEW OF

A GAS TURBINE

GAS TURBINE AUXILIARIES

STARTING MEANS- ENGINE/MOTOR/FC

LUBE OIL PUMPS - MOP
- AOP
- EOP
HYDRAULIC PUMPS- MHOP
- AHOP
AGB
COOLING WATER PUMP

GAS TURBINE AUXILIARIES

BOOSTER COMPRESSOR
ATOMIZING AIR COMPRESSOR
FUEL GAS CONDITIONING SKID
LP FUEL OIL PUMP
HP FUEL OIL PUMP
COMP. WASHING SKID
STARTING CLUTCH

AUX. GEAR BOX

GAS TURBINE SYSTEMS

AIR INLET SYSTEM
COMPRESSION SYSTEM
- AIR COMPRESSOR
- VIGVs
- STATOR BLADES
- ROTOR BLADES
- EGVs

INLET PLENUM

TURBINE FILTERS

TURBINE FILTERS

VIGVs

VIGVs

VIGV

COMPRESSOR ROTOR

INCREASE OF PR. IN COMP

COMP. STATOR BLADES

COMP. ROTOR X- SECTION

GAS TURBINE SYSTEMS

COMBUSTION SYSTEM
- FUEL NOZZLES
- CLs
- TPs
- X- FIRE TUBES
- SPARK PLUGS
- FLAME SCANNERS

HOT GAS PATH OF GT

FUEL NOZZLE

FUEL NOZZLE

X- FIRE TUBES

COMBUSTION LINER

TRANSITION PIECE

SPARK PLUGS

FLAME SCANNER

GAS TURBINE SYSTEMS

EXPANSION
- I, II, III STAGE NOZZLES
- I, II, III STAGE BUCKETS
- I, II, III STAGE SHROUDS
- WHEEL SPACERS

PRESSURE REDUCTION IN GT

X- SECTION 9FA GAS TURBINE ROTOR

U/H TURBINE VIEW

I STAGE BUCKETS

I STAGE NOZZLE

GAS TURBINE CIRCUITS

LUBE OIL CIRCUIT

FUEL OIL SYSTEM
HYD. OIL CIRCUIT
TRIP OIL CIRCUIT
ATOMIZING AIR CIRCUIT
COOLING & SEALING AIR CIRCUIT

GAS TURBINE

GAS TURBINE OPERATION

STARTING A GAS TURBINE

Turning Gear
Cranking
Venting/purging
Firing
Warm up
Acceleration
Full speed No Load
Synchronization
Loading

100 %

5
Speed

Torque converter angle

20 %

4
3

Fuel

Time

0-1 Cranking
1-2 Purging
2-3 Speed down to firing speed
3- Firing
3-4 Warm up
4-5 Acceleration
5-6 Full Speed no load

MERITS OF GT OVER ST

FAST START
HIGH POWER WT RATIO
LOW WATER REQUIREMENT
LOW CAPITAL COST
LOW ERECTION TIME
BETTER LOAD CONTROL
HIGH CYCLE EFFICIENCY IN CC
OPERATION MODE

MERITS OF GT OVER ST

COMPACT DESIGN
REQUIRES LESS SPACE
REQUIRES MINIMUM NUMBER OF
AUXILIARIES OR EXTERNAL SUPPORT
LOW REQUIREMENT OF STARTING
POWER/ BLACK START FACILITY

DEMERITS OF GT OVER ST

LOW PART LOAD EFFICIENCY

OUT PUT IS SENSITIVE TO
METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS
HIGH RUNNING COST(FUEL)
HIGH MAINTENANCE COST ( SPARES)
DUE TO HIGH AIR FUEL RATIO HEAT
CARRIED BY EX. GASES TUS LOW
EFFICIENCY AND REQUIRES LARGER DUCT
WORK

UESTIONS

K. S YADAV
Manager (M-I),PPCL

Contact
Cell - 09717694741
email- ksyadavipgcl@yahoo.co.in

DISCLAIMER
The
information
given
in
the
presentation
are
for
training
purposes only and can not be used
as reference for site application to
solve problem.