Linked Open Data

Sushan Shrestha
The Classic Web
Single global information space
1. URLs as
globally unique IDs
retrieval mechanism
2. HTML as shared content
format
3. Hyperlinks

Shortcomings
Content is not well structured
You can not ask expressive
queries
You can not process content
within applications
B C
HTML HTML
HTML
Web
Browsers
Search
Engines
hyper-
links
A
Linked Data





Relational Links Identical Links Vocabulary Links
B C
Thing
typed
links
A
D E
typed
links
typed
links
typed
links
Thing
Thing
Thing
Thing
Thing Thing
Thing
Thing
Thing
Use Semantic Web technologies to
1. publish structured data on the Web,
2. set links between data from one data source
to data within other data sources.
Example RDF Links
RDF links from DBpedia to other data sources





RDF link from a FOAF profile to DBpedia



<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Berlin> owl:sameAs
<http://sws.geonames.org/2950159> .
<http://richard.cyganiak.de/foaf.rdf#cygri> foaf:topic_interest
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Semantic_Web> .
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Tim_Berners-Lee> owl:sameAs
<http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/dblp/resource/person/100007> .
RLFinder
http://www.visualdataweb.org/relfinder.php
Linked Data Principles
1. Use URIs as names for things.
2. Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those
names.
3. When someone looks up a URI, provide useful
RDF information.
4. Include RDF statements that link to other URIs so
that they can discover related things.

Tim Berners-Lee 2007
http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html
The RDF Data Model
Richard Cyganiak
dbpedia:Berlin
foaf:name
foaf:based_near
foaf:Person
rdf:type
pd:cygri
Data objects are identified with HTTP URIs
pd:cygri
Richard Cyganiak
dbpedia:Berlin
foaf:name
foaf:based_near
foaf:Person
rdf:type
pd:cygri = http://richard.cyganiak.de/foaf.rdf#cygri
dbpedia:Berlin = http://dbpedia.org/resource/Berlin
Dereferencing URIs over the Web
dp:Cities_in_Germany
3.405.259
dp:population
skos:subject
Richard Cyganiak
dbpedia:Berlin
foaf:name
foaf:based_near
foaf:Person
rdf:type
pd:cygri
Dereferencing URIs over the Web
dp:Cities_in_Germany
3.405.259
dp:population
skos:subject
Richard Cyganiak
dbpedia:Berlin
foaf:name
foaf:based_near
foaf:Person
rdf:type
dbpedia:Hamburg
dbpedia:Muenchen
skos:subject
skos:subject
pd:cygri
Correspondence between thing-URI and
source-URI (slash URIs)

User Agent
Webserver
HTTP
GET
RDF 303
HTTP
GET
303 See Other is a way to redirect
web applications to a new URI
Correspondence between thing-URI and
source-URI (hash URIs)
User Agent
Webserver
HTTP GET
RDF

The Disco Hyperdata Browser
Content Negotiation
Use a generic document URL with RDF and HTML
variants
Clients express preferences for formats in Accept
HTTP header
Server decides which variant to serve

Generic document: e.g. .../about
Format-specific: e.g. .../about.rdf, .../about.html

Content Negotiation

Content Negotiation

Linked Open Data Rating
- Available on the web (whatever format), but with
an open licence
- Available as machine-readable structured data
(e.g. excel instead of image scan of a table)
- Non-proprietary format (e.g. CSV instead of excel)
- All the above plus, Use open standards from W3C
(RDF and SPARQL) to identify things
- All the above, plus: Link your data to other peoples
data










(Berners-Lee, 2010)
W3C Linking Open Data Project
Community project with W3C support to
publish existing open license datasets as Linked Data on the Web in
RDF
interlink things between different data sources
Began early 2007

LOD Datasets on the Web: May 2007
Over 500 million RDF triples
Around 120,000 RDF links between data sources
Example RDF Links
RDF links from DBpedia to other data sources





RDF link from a FOAF profile to DBpedia



<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Berlin> owl:sameAs
<http://sws.geonames.org/2950159> .
<http://richard.cyganiak.de/foaf.rdf#cygri> foaf:topic_interest
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Semantic_Web> .
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Tim_Berners-Lee> owl:sameAs
<http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/dblp/resource/person/100007> .
LOD Datasets on the Web: February 2008
http://lod-cloud.net/
Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch. http://lod-cloud.net/
LOD Datasets on the Web: September 2008
> 2 billion RDF triples
> 6 million RDF links
http://lod-cloud.net/
Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch. http://lod-cloud.net/
LOD Datasets on the Web: September 2011
Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch. http://lod-cloud.net/
Types of Data in the Linking Open Data Cloud

http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/lodcloud/state/ (Sept 2010)

Beautiful Applications over Raw Data
Source: Berners-Lee, TED 2009
Applications
B C
Thing
typed
links
A
D E
typed
links
typed
links
typed
links
Thing
Thing
Thing
Thing
Thing
Thing
Thing
Thing
Thing
Search
Engines
Linked Data
Mashups
Linked Data
Browsers
What can I do with this?


Linked Data Browsers

Tabulator Browser (MIT, USA)
Disco Hyperdata Browser (FU Berlin, DE)
OpenLink RDF Browser (OpenLink, UK)
Zitgist RDF Browser (Zitgist, USA)
Humboldt (HP Labs, UK)
Fenfire (DERI, Irland)
Marbles (FU Berlin, DE)



Linked Data Mashups
Domain-specific applications using Linked Data from the Web

A Mashup is a way of combining related data into a pictorial
form using Socially Rich computing technology to make the
data easy to read and understand
Charts
Graphs
Websites
Maps
Tables
Movies
AJAX Rich Applications


DBtune Slashfacet
Visualizes music-related Linked Data
Uses LastFM, MySpace, and BBC data
Web of Data Search Engines

Falcons (IWS, China)
Sindice (DERI, Ireland)
MicroSearch (Yahoo, Spain)
Watson (Open University, UK)
SWSE (DERI, Ireland)
Swoogle (UMBC, USA)
Falcons

Roles in the Linked Data Scenario
Data Publisher
1. Publish data itself
2. Set RDF links to other
data items describing the
same real-world entity.
3. Reuse terms from
existing vocabularies or
set links to related
schemata.
4. Publish metadata about
provenance
timeliness
data license

Client Application
1. Map data into single
schema.
2. Smush data from
different sources about
real-world entity.
3. Resolve inconsistencies
in the data.
4. Keep track of information
provenance and lineage.
5. Explain fusion process.

How can we publish Linked Data?
Serving Linked Data as Static RDF/XML Files
Serving Linked Data as RDF Embedded in HTML Files
Serving RDF and HTML with Custom Server-Side
Scripts
Serving Linked Data from Relational Databases
Serving Linked Data from RDF Triple Stores
Serving Linked Data by Wrapping Existing Application
or Web APIs

Linked Data Platforms and Tools
Linked Data Publishing Platforms
D2R server
Triplify
Talis platform
Kasabi
Pubby
Paget etc.
Linked Data/RDF Editors and Validators
Hyena
Vapour
Linked Data Tools
Data Access Tools
LDspider, SQUIN, Linked Data Client Libraries
Identity Resolution Tools
SILK, LIMES
Data Translation Tools
R2R Mapping Framework
Why Linked Data? -Benefits
Explicit and simple data representation
Ease of discovery
Ease of publishing and consumption
standards-based data sharing
Cross Referencing and Reduced redundancy
Incremental Data Integration
Added value
Build ecosystems around your data/content
Network effect
The value of your data increases the more it used /
linked by others

Future of Linked Data
Linked Data: The Next Big Wave or Another Tech Fad?
Future SEO: Linked Open Data (LOD)
Is Linked Data the future of data integration in the enterprise?
Linked Data and Internet of Things



Dbpedia Mobile
Location-centric DBpedia
client application
for mobile devices
Geospatial entry point
into the Web of Data
Starts with DBpedia,
Revyu and Flickr data
http://mes-semantics.com/DBpediaMobile/
DBpedia Mobile
Consists of a map view, the Marbles Linked Data Browser
and a GPS-enabled launcher application.
Renders a map containing information about nearby locations
from the DBpedia dataset.
Geographic locations are currently available for 300,000
of DBpedia's 2.18 million things.
http://mes-semantics.com/DBpediaMobile/
Dbpedia Mobile Usage
Provides browser-based area map that indicates the user's position
and nearby DBpedia resources with appropriate labels and icons.

Clicking on a resource brings up a summary view of the selected
item generated by the Marbles Linked Data Browser.

The view may include short text describing the resource , an image,
a link to the resource's foaf:homepage and reviews from the Revyu
rating site if existent.

If the displayed data contains RDF links into other datasets, the user
may click them to obtain a full details view of the referenced
resource.

In this manner, the user can navigate from the DBpedia dataset into
other interlinked datasets
http://mes-semantics.com/DBpediaMobile/
Credits
DBpedia Mobile's Map View uses the following components:
Core DBpedia datasets (labels, geo-coordinates and categories) are
pre-loaded into Marbles' Sesame 2.1 MySQL store
Map tiles provided by OpenStreetMap
Jibbering RDF Parser to parse RDFXML map data results
GeoLite City for IP Lookup
Google Maps API
GxMarker V2
Prototype JavaScript framework

http://mes-semantics.com/DBpediaMobile/
RelFinder
Interactive Relationship Discovery in RDF Data
Developed and maintained by http://www.visualdataweb.org.
It extracts and visualizes relationships between given objects
in RDF data and makes these relationships interactively
explorable.

Highlighting and filtering features support visual analysis both
on a global and detailed level.

The RelFinder is based on the open source framework Adobe
Flex, easy-to-use and works with any RDF dataset that
provides standardized SPARQL access.
http://www.visualdataweb.org/relfinder.php
RelFinder
The RelFinder can easily be configured to work with different
RDF datasets.
It can even be called from remote to access a specific dataset
and/or certain objects.
The RelFinder can also be more deeply integrated with our
project.
URLs can also be composed dynamically to integrate the
RelFinder with our tool.
Integration requires
RelFinder.swf - the Flash file that is executed
config/Config.xml - the file that configures the RelFinder for the dataset(s)
config/examples.xml - a file with examples


http://www.visualdataweb.org/relfinder.php
RLFinder
http://www.visualdataweb.org/relfinder.php
Thank You






References
Linking Open Data Project Wiki
http://esw.w3.org/topic/SweoIG/TaskForces/CommunityProjects/
LinkingOpenData
Tutorial on How to Publish Linked Data on the Web
http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/bizer/pub/LinkedDataTutorial/
Fusing the Web of Data
Christian Bizer, Freie Universitt Berlin