Chapter15 Precast

Fundamentals of Building Construction, Materials & Methods,
5
th
Edition
Copyright 2009 ! "ano! #ll rights reser$ed!
Plant-Cast Precast Concrete
% Concrete elements, cast and cured in a manufacturing plant,
then transported to the construction site!
% &lant casting allo's increased e(ciency and higher )uality
control!
% *ura+le, permanent steel forms are reused many times, reducing
form'or, costs compared to sitecast concrete!
% -se of .ype """, high early strength cement and steam curing
allo' concrete mem+ers to +e cast and cured in as little as 2/
hours!
% Controlled casting conditions and high )uality forms allo' for
greater control of surface 0nishes!
15 PRECAST CONCRETE FRAMING SYSTEMS
5
th
Edition
&lant1Cast &recast
Concrete
%
2tructural elements
are commonly
reinforced 'ith
tightly stretched
pretensioned steel
strands, 'hich
pro$ide increased
structural e(ciency!
%
Con$entional steel
reinforcing is added
for resistance to
thermal and other
secondary stresses!
5
th
Edition
&lant1Cast &recast
Concrete
% 3n the construction
site, precast
concrete elements
are lifted into place
and assem+led into
structural assem+lies
in a process similar
to that used for
structural steel!
%
Compared to sitecast
concrete, precast
concrete erection is
faster and less
a4ected +y ad$erse
'eather conditions!
# $acuum lifting de$ice is used to lift and place
precast concrete pran,s!
5
th
Edition
&5EC#2.,
&5E2.5E22E*
C36C5E.E
2.5-C.-5#7
E7EME6.2
5
th
Edition
&recast Concrete 2la+s
%
-sed for 8oor and roof dec,s!
%
*eeper elements 9to'ard the
right +elo': span further than
those that are shallo'er
9to'ard the left:!
%
Right: ;ollo' core sla+s
stac,ed at the precasting plant!
PRECAST, PRESTRESSED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
5
th
Edition
&recast Concrete Beams and <irders
%
&ro$ide support for sla+s!
%
.he pro=ecting reinforcing +ars 'ill +ond 'ith
concrete cast on site!
%
Right: "n$erted tee +eams supported +y precast
columns!
5
th
Edition
&recast Concrete
Columns and >all
&anels
% &ro$ide support for
+eam and sla+
elements!
% 2ince these elements
carry mainly a?ial
loads 'ith little
+ending force, they
may +e
con$entionally
reinforced 'ithout
prestressing!
% 3r, long, slender
multistory elements
may +e prestressed
to pro$ide resistance
to +ending forces
during handling and
erection (columns at
right).
5
th
Edition
&recast Concrete Columns
and >all &anels
% &recast concrete 'all
panels may +e solid (right:,
hollo', or sand'iched
9'ith an insulating core:!
% >all panels can +e ri++ed,
to increase their $ertical
span capacity 'hile
minimi@ing 'eight, or
formed into other special
shapes (below)!
5
th
Edition
3ther &recast Concrete
Elements
% &recast concrete stairs
9below)
%
-ni)uely shaped structural
elements for a sports
stadium (right)
% Etc!
5
th
Edition
#ssem+ly Concepts for
&recast Concrete
Buildings
%
Aertical support can +e
pro$ided +y precast
columns and +eams
9above:, 'all panels
9below:, or a
com+ination of all
three!
%
.he choice of roof and
8oor sla+ elements
depends mainly on
span re)uirements!
%
&recast sla+ elements
are fre)uently also
used 'ith other $ertical
load+earing systems
such as sitecast
concrete, reinforced
masonry, or steel!
5
th
Edition
#ssem+ly Concepts for
&recast Concrete
Buildings
%
Above: &recast
concrete structure
consisting of solid
'all panels and
hollo' core sla+s!
%
Below: # single story
'arehouse consisting
of dou+le tees
supported +y
insulated sand'ich
'all panels!
5
th
Edition
#ssem+ly Concepts
for &recast
Concrete
Buildings
%
# par,ing garage
structure
consisting of
precast dou+le
tees supported
+y in$erted tee
+eams on
haunched
columns!
5
th
Edition
M#6-F#C.-5"6< 3F
&5EC#2. C36C5E.E
2.5-C.-5#7
E7EME6.2
5
th
Edition
Casting ;ollo' Core
&lan,s
% &recast elements are
manufactured in
casting beds, B00 ft
or more in length!
% ;igh1strength steel
strands are strung
the length of the +ed
and tensioned!
%
Con$entional
reinforcing, 'eld
plates, +loc,outs,
lifting loops, and
other em+edded
items are added as
needed!
%
Concrete is placed!
MANUFACTURING OF PRECAST CONCRETE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
-ntensioned prestressing strands can +e seen in
the left1most casting +ed! "n the +ed second from
the right, lo'1slump concrete for hollo' core
sla+s is +eing formed o$er tensioned strands
using an e?trusion process! # completed hollo'
core casting is $isi+le at the far right!
5
th
Edition
&restressing and
5einforcing 2teel
%
Many precast
elements contain
+oth prestressing
strands and
con$entional
reinforcing!
%
Right: .he
prestressing strands
for an ##2;.3 girder
are depressed into a
shallo' $1shape to
most e(ciently resist
tensile forces in the
+eam! 2hear stirrups
are formed from
con$entional steel
reinforcing!
5
th
Edition
Casting ;ollo' Core
&lan,s
% 3nce the concrete
has cured to su(cient
strength, the castings
are cut into sections
of desired length
(above)!
% "n some cases,
trans$erse +ul,heads
are inserted to di$ide
the casting +ed into
sections +efore
concrete is placed! "n
this case, only the
prestressing strands
need to +e cut to
separate the sections
(below).
5
th
Edition
Casting ;ollo' Core
&lan,s
%
"ndi$idual sections
are lifted from the
casting +ed (right)
and stoc,piled to
a'ait shipping to
the construction
site!
5
th
Edition
Casting ;ollo' Core
&lan,s
%
&recast concrete
elements are
shipped to the
construction site +y
truc, and erected
on site +y crane!
5
th
Edition
Casting ;ollo'
Core &lan,s
%
2ample hollo'
core sla+
sections of
$arying
depths!
%
#t +ottom left,
note the
insulated
sand'ich 8oor
panel!
5
th
Edition
3"6"6< &5EC#2.
C36C5E.E E7ME6.2
5
th
Edition
E?ample Column1to1Column Connection
% Metal +earing plates and em+edded anchor +olts are cast into
the ends of the columns!
% #fter the columns are mechanically =oined, the connection is
grouted to pro$ide full +earing +et'een elements and protect
the metal components from 0re and corrosion!
JOINING PRECAST CONCRETE ELEMENTS
5
th
Edition
E?ample Beam1
to1Column
Connection
%
Beams are set
on +earing
pads on the
column
cor+els!
%
2teel angles
are 'elded to
metal plates
cast into the
+eams and
columns and
the =oint is
grouted solid!
5
th
Edition
E?ample 2la+1to1
Beam Connection
% ;ollo' core sla+s
are set on
+earing pads on
precast +eams!
% 2teel reinforcing
+ars are in
inserted into the
sla+ ,ey'ays to
span the =oint!
% .he =oint is
grouted solid!
% .he sla+ may
remain untopped
as sho'n, or
topped 'ith
se$eral inches of
cast in place
concrete!
5
th
Edition
2itecast Concrete
.oppings o$er
&recast 2la+s
% <reater 8oor
strength and
sti4ness
% <reater 0re
resistance
% <reater acoustic
isolation
% #llo' easy
integration of
electrical
ser$ices into
8oor system
% Create a
smoother,
8atter 8oor
surface!
5
th
Edition
&recast Concrete
Construction and
2eismic *esign
% "n areas of high
seismic ris,,
structures must +e
designed to
respond safely to
the dynamic forces
imparted into the
structure!
% "nno$ations in =oint
design are
impro$ing the
connection
systems in precast
concrete structures
and ma,ing them
increasingly
suita+le for use in
such areas!
# large scale test facility for simulating seismic
forces on precast concrete structural systems!

Chapter15 Precast

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