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Analysis of Contaminants/Additives in
Consumer Products
Paper Chromatography of Food Dyes in Candy
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Theme: Analysis of Contaminants/
Additives in Consumer Products
Soup
Thickener
MSG
Colouring
Flavouring
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Introduction
Mixture: A substance
composed of two or
more elements or parts
Components: A
constituent,
element or part
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Black
Ink
Yellow
Blue
Purple
Red Pink
Black ink
composed of
pigments of five
different colours.
Spinach
Yellow
Orange
Light green
Spinach extract
comprises of three
differently coloured
pigments
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Problem Statement
Candy is found in a variety of colours,
but how many components are there
in each colour of Brand X candy?
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Objective
The objective of this experiment is to separate and identify the
number of components used to produce different colours of
brand X candy.
Blue
Orange
Yellow
Red
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Brand X Candy
Ethanol Distilled
Water
Beaker
Pestle
and
Mortar
Toothpicks
1000 cm
3

Measuring
Cylinder
Plastic sheets
Hair Dryer
100 cm
3
Measuring
Cylinder
Chromatography Paper
Rubber Bands
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1. Different coloured brand X sweets were crushed using
pestle and mortar and dissolved in distilled water.


2. 400cm
3
of 60% ethanol solution was prepared by
mixing 240cm
3
of ethanol with 160cm
3
of distilled water.
80cm
3
of 60% ethanol solution was measured and poured
into 5, 1000cm
3
measuring cylinders.
240cm
3
ethanol
160cm
3
distilled
water
2cm from the end

Chromatography
paper
3. A line was drawn on the chromatography paper, 2cm from the
end. This is the start line. A point is marked on the start line.

4.By using a toothpick, a
spot of the candy mixture
was placed on the line and
allowed to dry. This was
repeated for each colour of
the candy X.

1000cm
3
measuring
cylinder
5. The chromatography paper was hung vertically inside
a 1000cm
3
measuring cylinder containing 60% ethanol
so that the start line is slightly above the solvent.
6.The measuring cylinder was sealed with plastic
and the chromatogram is allowed to develop.
7. When the candy colours are completely separated,
the chromatography paper was removed from the
measuring cylinder. The paper was then allowed to dry.
80cm
3
ethanol solution

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Observations
Blue Coloured
Candy
Yellow Coloured
Candy
Red Coloured
Candy
Orange Coloured
Candy
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The components in each
colour of candy:
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Results
Sample
Colour of
Candy
Component(s)
Observed in
Sample
Colour of
Component(s)
1 Blue 2 Blue & Pink
2 Yellow 1 Yellow
3 Red 2 Pink & Yellow
4 Orange 1 Orange
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Discussion
STATIONARY
PHASE
MOBILE PHASE
Solvent (60% ethanol)
Moisture present in the pores of
cellulose fibers in chromatography
paper
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Solubility Differential Affinity
In the mobile phase
To mobile and
stationary phase
Different physical properties
(polarity, size, shape)
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Structure of Dye Molecules
Red No. 3
Green No. 3
Allura Red AC Brilliant Blue FCF
Tartrazine
Indigotine
Erythrosine
Sunset Yellow
Fast
Green
FCF
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SIDE EFFECTS OF FOOD DYES
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Conclusion
In conclusion, yellow and orange coloured Brand X candy is
composed of one component while blue and red coloured
candies are composed of two components.. To confirm the
identities of the dyes, further analysis by spectroscopic
methods is required.


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Summary

Food dye is one of the examples of additives found in our food.
To separate and determine the number of components in each
colour of Brand X candy.
To do this, we used paper chromatography to separate out the
components in each colour of candy.
We observed that blue and red coloured candy have two
components but yellow and orange coloured candy have one
component.
In conclusion, yellow and orange coloured Brand X candy is
composed of one component while blue and red coloured candies
are composed of two components.
Thank You!