PROJECT REPORT

on
On
BSNL
INTRODUCTION
STARTED in October 2000, with the vision of
becoming the largest telecom service provider in Asia,
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited is the worlds seventh
largest telecommunications company. It provides a
comprehensive range of services in India, which
include wireline connections, CDMA (code division
multiple access) mobile, GSM (global system for
mobile communications) lines, Internet, broadband,
MPLS-VPN (multi protocol label switching-virtual
private network), VSAT (very small aperture terminal)
and VoIP (voice over Internet protocol). Within this
short span of time, it has also become one of the
largest public sector companies in India.

EXCHANGE

Equipment which effects
interconnected of
telephones is known as
switching equipment.




The switching centre,
which houses the
terminating and switching
equipment is called
telephone exchange.


About the exchange:-
1. All telephone subscribers are served by
automatic exchanges.
2. Todays automatic exchanges uses a pair of
computers.
One, running the program that provides services.
Second, monitoring the operation of the first,
ready to take over in a few seconds in the event of
equipment failure.

Various exchanges present in BSNL are:

> C-DOT
> OCB
> EWSD
C-DOT:-
1. Work on telecom technology products and services.
2. Provide solutions for current and future requirements of
telecommunication and converged networks including those
required for rural application.
3. Provide market orientation to R & D activities and sustain C-
DOT as center of excellence.
OCB:-
1. It is a digital switching system.
2. The system supports all the existing signaling system
3. The system has auto recovery feature. When a serious fault
occur in control unit, it gives a message to SMM (operation &
maintenance unit).


EWSD:-
The EWSD Digital Switching Systems offer a
wide range of telephony features and
supplementary services. Further capabilities
can be developed to meet specific customer
needs.


EXCHANGE LAYOUT
Switch Room
Operations and Maintenance (OMC)
Room
Input Output processor (IOP) Room
Power Plant Room
Battery Room
Main Distribution Frame (MDF) Room
MDF
Power plant
Switching Room
Main Distribution Frame (M.D.F)

MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME(MDF):-
Local cable contact at MDF .
All types of cables out to the door contact
connection at MDF .
The primary function of MDF is to remove fault. It
is also known as Fault Remove Section.
The telephone numbers are also disconnected in
the MDF because of some specific reason.

ORGANIZATION OF MDF:-
Vertical side
Horizontal side

Vertical side:-
Rack:- On the rack, the tags are situated. One rack is having
eight tags. The counting is done from up (0) to down (7).
Tags:- Each rack consists of eight tags
1 tag = 4 core
1 core = 4 bunch
1 bunch = 2 line
N.E:-The word NE stands for the NUMBER OF EQUIPMENT.
It is used for testing number
Wedge:- Wedge is used as a device for checking the ring.
Wedge is placed in jack strips, which is connected to
telephone for checking.

Horizontal side:-
The horizontal side connected to the
underground cable.
This cable is having 100 pairs. These pair is
distributed when we allot the telephone
number to the subscriber.
Horizontal side is again subdivided in
two parts:

>One part is connected with the vertical
side.
> Another with the subscriber line by using
100 pair underground cable.
POWER PLANT
As we know that, the power is the main source or any
organization. It is the case of E-10B exchange. That is the
first requirement of any organization is the input.
The main source of this exchange is AC supply.
The main part of power room are:-

1. Batteries

2. UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply)

3. Charging - Discharging Unit

4. Inverter and Converter Unit:





Switch Room:-
Switch room consists of
BM and CM cabinets
mounted in standard
switch.

These cabinets are
fastened to a switch Room
and interconnected by
cables
Incoming calls
Gateway MSC contact:-The first job of the Gateway MSC is to
determine the current location of the mobile phone in order to connect
the call. It does this by consulting the Home Location Register (HLR)

Routing the call:- When the HLR receives this query message, it
determines whether the call should be routed to another number (called a
divert), or if it is to be routed directly to the mobile.

Locating and ringing call:-When the call arrives at the
Visiting MSC, the MSRN is used to determine which of the phones in this
area is being called, that is the MSRN maps back to the SIM of the original
phone number dialled. The MSC pages all the mobile phone masts in the
area in order to inform the phone that there is an incoming call for it.
Encoding of speech during call:- During a GSM
call, speech is converted from analogue sound waves to
digital data by the phone itself, and transmitted through
the mobile phone network by digital means.

OUTGOING CALLS
Once a mobile phone has successfully attached to a GSM
network as described above, calls may be made from the
phone to any other phone on the global PSTN.
The user dials telephone no, presses the send or talk key,
and the mobile phone sends a call setup request message to
the mobile phone network via the nearest mobile phone
base transceiver station (BTS).

The call setup request message is handled next by the
mobile switching center, which checks the subscriber's
record held in the visitor location register to see if the
outgoing call is allowed. If so, the MSC then routes the
call in the same way that a telephone exchange does in
a fixed network
BROADBAND SERVICE
BSNL offers Internet service with a speed range of 2
Mbps to 8 Mbps across 3,200 towns and cities. Out
of the 612 district headquarters in the country, 585
have broadband connectivity.

What is broadband?
An always-on data connection that is able to support
interactive services including Internet access and has
the capability of the minimum download speed of 256
kbps to an individual subscriber from the Point Of
Presence (POP) of the service provider.
Broadband Services
Network Architecture


TELEPHONE








Customer BSNL Telephone BSNL Broadband
Premises Exchange N/W & ISP
PHONE
PC STB
ADSL
CPE



ADSL
ACCESS
MUX
ADSL
LINECARD
DSLAM
Broadband
/IP
network
ISP
NSP
PSTN
Broadband by DSL Anywhere
The technologies that enable the delivery
today of
High bandwidth low latency data,
Voice and
Video services

All via DSL, to any customer
served by a copper loop
ADSL (Asymmetric DSL)
Transmit asymmetric data stream:
-more going downstream to the subscriber
-less coming upstream back
Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT) was selected as the
official line coding standard.
Suitable for Internet access , VoD and Interactive
Services which are actually asymmetric in nature.
Broadband Services Applications
High Speed Internet Access Always-On(Talk &
Surf Simultaneously on same Telephone Line )
LAN Access (Teleworking): Virtual Private
Network (VPN) for Corporate Customers
Broadcast TV/Video On Demand
Video Conferencing, Gaming & Home Shopping-
Interactive Services
Distance Learning & Tele Medicine