Engineering Science (ES) 13:

Mechanics of Deformable Bodies

Lecture 2:
Bearing Stress
Punching Stress
Normal Strain
Shear Strain



1
st
Sem AY 2014-2015
August 15, 2014



Bearing Stress
Special type of axial stress
Commonly seen in:
connections (pins, bolts, rivets)
base plates/bearing plates of columns
Average Bearing Stress
Connections

Bearing Plates

NOTE: stress distribution is complicated
so
b
is an average nominal value
Example: Bearing Stress in
Connections
What is the bearing
stress between pin C
and member ABC?
What is the bearing stress
between pin C and the
links connecting BC?
Example: Bearing Plate
A 40-kN axial load is applied to a short wooden
post that is supported by a concrete footing resting
on undisturbed soil. Determine (a) the bearing
stress on the concrete footing, (b) the size of the
footing for which the average bearing stress in the
soil is 145 kPa.
Punching Stress
Special type of shear
stress
Experienced when:
punching a hole on a
member

Example: Punching Stress
A 20-mm thick metal plate with dimensions
150 mm by 120 mm is to be punched with a
12 mm diameter hole. The force P that will be
used to punch the hole is estimated to be 40
kN. Determine the punching shear stress that
will be developed.
STRAIN
describes the deformation of a body
change in length or angles



Normal Strain under Axial
Loading
L
o
c =
L L

Deformation of a member per unit length
NOTE:
Deformation is always along the member
Strain is an average value and is constant
throughout the length of the member
where:
= axial strain
= deformation
L = length of
member
UNITS: mm/mm or m/m
SIGN: (+) elongates (-) shortens
Shear Strain
Change in angle between two originally
perpendicular segments

t
+
2

t

2
=

2

where:
- shear strain
- new angle between
two lines initially
perpendicular lines
SIGN:
(+) when < /2
(-) when > /2
UNITS: radians
Small Strain Analysis
For very small deformations:






where is in radians
sin
cos 1
tan
Example: Normal Strain
A rigid bar AD is supported by
two rods as shown. There is
no strain in the vertical bars
before load P is applied. After
load P is applied, the axial
strain in rod BF is -400 m/m.
Determine:
axial strain in rod CE.
axial strain in rod CE if
there is a 0.25-mm
clearance in the connection
at pin C before the load is
applied.

Example: Normal Strain
The load P produces an axial
strain in the brass post B of
-0.0014 mm/mm. Determine
a. The axial strain in the
aluminum alloy rod A.
b. The axial strain in the
aluminum alloy rod A if there
is a 0.125-mm clearance in
the connection between A
and C in addition to the 0.25-
mmclearance between B and
C.
Example: Shear Strain
A thin rectangular plate is
deformed as shown. The
normal strains developed
along the sides are as
follows:
e
AB
= + 0.0022 mm/mm
e
BC
= - 0.0030 mm/mm
e
CD
= + 0.0050 mm/mm

Determine:
Horizontal displacement of B.
Normal strain in AD.
Shearing strain at A.
Shearing strain at C.
Example: Normal + Shear
Strain
The counter-clockwise moment M applied to the rigid
L-bar B produces an axial strain of -0.004444 mm/mm
in bar A and a shearing strain of 0.007 radians at E,
and causes support F to yield by 2 mm. Determine the
axial strain in bar C if there is a 0.5 mm clearance in
the connection between the triangular plate and the
rigid L-bar D.
References
Beer, F.P. et al. (2006). Mechanics of
materials. 6
th
Ed. SI. McGraw-Hill


Hibbeler, R.C. (2000). Mechanics of
materials. 4
th
Ed. Prentice Hall