ENDANGERED ECOSYSTEM

INTRODUCTION OF ENDANGERED ECOSYSTEM

HUMAN ACTIVITIES THAT ENDANGERED AN
ECOSYSTEM
IMPACT OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON THE
ECOSYSTEM
EFFECT OF UNPLANNED DEVELOPMENT AND
MISMANAGEMENT OF THE ECOSYSTEM

Trees are known to have stabilish influence on the
composition of the atmosphere, the climate and the
soil.
Nowadays, trees are cut down and forest are cleared
at a faster rate than they are replaced. Our ecosystem
are now in danger.
Many negative effects have begun to affect the life of
humans and other organisms.
As an individual, you can choose to be a part of
nature and care for it or be a destroyer.
Which do you choose? Are you aware of the
consequences of your choice?
INTRODUCTION OF ENDANGERED
ECOSYSTEM
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HUMAN ACTIVITIES THAT ENDANGERD
ECOSYSTEM
The size of the human population has been rising exponentially. The
effect of human activities on the environment is proportional to the
size of the human population.
Since older days, human hunted, fished and removed trees to make
shelters. Humans too kept animals such as sheep, cattle, and goats
to graze on vast areas of grasslands, harming the ecosystem.
Human cleared much forest to provide a greater area for
agriculture. Continue farming on the same piece of land depletes
the land of nutrients, thus, forming desert when abandoned by
man.




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At present, humans have the population size, technology
and cultural inclination to alter the ecosystem. Industrial
revolution, expectation of better living conditions and better
modes of transport has led to building of factories, larger
cities and more roads.

Among the activities that endangered ecosystem are
agriculture, industrialisation, deforestation and
urbanisation.
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IMPACT OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON THE
ECOSYSTEM
Hunting of animals and harvesting of crops cause extinction of flora
and fauna.

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use of pesticides, herbicides and fertilisers in agriculture lead
to population and harm the organisms in the farm.

Building of factories for industrial purposes destroys the
forest. Release of gases such as carbon dioxide, sulphur
dioxide and nitrogen oxides pollute the air.

Increase in number of houses vehicles give rise to air
pollution, water pollution and noise pollution
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EFFECT OF UNPLANNED DEVELOPMENT AND
MISMANAGEMENT OF THE ECOSYSTEM
Development is needed to improve the quality of humans life in the
aspects of economy, social, physical, technology and education.
Expansion of industries, transport network and other living conditions are
carried out at the expense of the environment when they are not properly
planned and managed.
The effects of unplanned development and mismanagement of the
ecosystem include soil erosion, flash flood, landslide, eutrophication and
so on.
DEFORESTATION process a major threat to our forest. Deforestation is the
act of clearing of the forest by cutting down trees for its valuable timber,
and for building of roads, houses and other uses including stock rearing
and agriculture.
When trees are cut down, the soil surface is exposed directly to the force
of rainfall. The top most fertile layers gets washed away causing soil
erossin.
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Eroded soil may be deposited in rivers. During heavy rain,
rainwater flow quickly into rivers because there is no retention
of water by the roots of the plants. Due to silting in the rivers,
the water flow is blocked. Water flows inland causing flash
floods in low land areas.
Deforestation and unplanned development on slope may cause
soil erosin which leads to landslide.
Many specise of organisms are facing extinction threat when
their habitats are being cleared.
In the forest, water taken in by plants is lost through
transpiration. Water vapour condenses and precipitates into
rain. When trees are cut down, there is a reduction of
transpiration resulting in fewer clouds and lesser rainfall, the
area becomes hotter and drier.
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Global warming occurs when the greenhouse gases slow down the
loss of infrared radiation from the atmosphere to the spaces. This
caises an increase in temperature of the atmosphere.
Chorofluorocarbons, which are used in the making of aerosol cans,
as coolants in air conditioners, as solvents in electric industry and in
polystyrene are responsible for ozone depletion.
The use of industrial and agricultural chemicals and dumping of
rubbish into river contribute to water pollution. Eutrophication is a
result of too much of organic salts being washed into lakes,
encouraging the growth of algae. This will block the sunlight from
reaching the inner depth of the lake.
Heated waste water from industrial plants and building with glass
panels and cause thermal pollution.
Air pollution is the result of burning of fuels.
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POLLUTION

Pollution is an undesirable change in the chemical, physical, or
biological characteristics of the nature.
Pollutant is any substance that is present an an excessive amount in
the environment as a result of human activities. Pollutants have
damaging effects on our health. They are also harmful to other
living organisms.
There are four type of pollutant. Air pollution, water pollution,
thermal pollution and noise pollution




TYPES OF POLLUTION

AIR POLLUTION
WATER POLLUTION
THERMAL POLLUTION
NOISE POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION
Air pollution occurs when pollutants including smoke, dirt, dust and
poisonous gasesare released into the air endangering humans lives
and other living organisms.
The sources of air pollution are factories, motorised vehicles,
burning, agriculture and using of aerosol cans, air conditioner,
refrigerator.
Pollution also affects agriculture, buildings, and climate.
Carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogenoxides form acidic
solution when dissolve in water. Sulphur dioxide oxidises and react
with water forming sulphuric acid, while nitrogen oxides react with
water to form nitric acid. Carbon dioxide forms carbonic acid with
water.
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WATER POLLUTION

Discharging industrial wastes, agriculture wastes, domestic
wastes and sewage into rivers. Ontribution to water
pollution.

Thus causing the water to be un safe for humans
consumption as well endangered the lives of aquatic
organisms.

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Heavy mental such as mercury and cadmium from
industries are toxic. Eating fish contaminated with mercury
may caused death, blindness and even paralysis.

On the other hand, eating food contaminated may caused
weakened or deformed bones.

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EFFECT OF WATER POLLUTION:-

EFFECT OF WATER POLLUTION ON HUMAN
HEALTH
EFFECT OF WATER POLLUTION ON PLANTS
AND ANIMALS

EFFECT OF WATER POLLUTION
ON HUMAN HEALTH
Raw sewage is likely to contain pathogens. The vibrio bacteria
cause cholera whereas salmonella bacteria cause typhoid
disease.

Excess unused fertilisers, pesticides and herbicides washed
away by rain water into rivers from the farms are dangerous to
human.

Dioxin a type of herbicides, may cause miscarriages in women,
physical and mental abnormalities in children, increase the risk
of cancer and skin disoerder.
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EFFECT OF WATER POLLUTION
ON PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Rubbish and oil floating on the surface of the water reduces the
penetration of light and diffusion of oxygen from stmosphere.

Aquatic plants and animal may die due to lack of oxygen and light.

Bacteria feeds on sewage. They grow and multiply quickly using a lot of
oxygen from the water. Other aquqtic organisms die as a result of
decreasing of oxygen concentration.

Pesticides, insecticides and herbicides present in the water may poison
the fish.

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Oil spill is a threat to the aquatic lives. Oil will stick onto the
feathers of birds, thus preventing them for flying. When the
birds try to clean their feathers they may swallow the oil and
this may kill them. It also causes death to birds through
hypothermia.

Oil will cover the gills of fishes thus affecting their respiration.

Mineral salt from sewage and fertilisers deposited in lakes or
lower reaches of rivers encourage the growth of algae and
aquatic plants.

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VIDEO OF ENDANGERED
ECOSYSTEM

The densely populated algae and aquatic plants cover the water
surface to a point where light is unable to penetrate into the
water.

The submerged algae and aquatic plants in the lake are unable
to photosynthesis and will die due to the lack of oxygen.

Decmposition of these dead organism by saprophytic bacteria
causes a decrease in oxygen content in the water.
The whole process is called eutrophication

Eutrophication increasesthe biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
value in the water.

BOD is the amount of oxygen needed by microorganisms to
decompose the organic matter in the water.

The higher the BOD the more polluted the water.
THERMAL POLLUTION
Thermal pollution is caused by the discharged of warm water from
industries, generators in power station, reactor stations and
reflection of heat from glass building resulting in excess heat in the
environment.

Many industries use water foe cooling the machines. Electricity
generating stations use steam to drive the turbines. The warm
water is discharged to rivers at a higher temperature of 10c.

Warm water holds less oxygen. This effects the life of a aquatic
organisms. Many aquatic organisms move away from the water.
Some may even die.
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NOISE POLLUTION
When the surrounding noise level reches 80 dB or more, it causes
discomfort and affects the human health. WHO recommends
anoise level ofnot more than 55 dB.

When someone is exposed to a noiselevel to 80 dB or more or
along period of time, he may suffer from headache, emoyional and
mental disturbances and in certain cases, may cause defness.

Sources of noise pollution are, vehicles, jet planes, construction
sites, entertainment outlets and machines.
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GREENHOUSE EFFECT AND
THINNING OF THE OZONE LAYER
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
Energy from the sun reaches the earth through radiation.
Some of this radiation is absorbed by the earth to warm the
surfaces of sea and land, as the earth warms up, heat in the
form of infrared radiation is emitted back to the space.
However, much of this radiation is prevented from escaping to
the space by certain gases such as carbon dioxide,methane.
These gases particularly carbon dioxide absorb the infrared
radiation. As a result the heat is radiated back to the Earth
surface, warming the earth further.
http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/greenhouse
/


GREENHOUSE EFFECT AND
THINNING OF THE OZONE LAYER
This effect is similar to a greenhouse used in farming, it is usually found in
temperature countries, whereby the glass of the greenhouse traps the
heat of the sun to keep the soil and air warm

The phenomena of over warming of the earth ia known as a greenhouse
effect.

The increase in carbon dioxide levels are due to combustion of fossil fuils,
mainly coal and deforestation and open burning.

Some scientist predicted that the earth temperature cuold rise 1.5oc to
4.50c by 2030.

GREENHOUSE EFFECT AND
THINNING OF THE OZONE LAYER
With the thinning of the ozone layer, more UV radiation reaches the earth
surface. The following are the effects of ozone depletion on the
environment, include increase in surrounding temperature, change in
wind directions, change in climate. On plants, damage to crops due to over
exposure to UV, and damage of the phytoplantons. On human health, they
will get skin cancer, cataract, and weakened immune system

THE EFFECTS OF GLOBAL
WARMING ARE:-
Rise in a see level due to melting to ice

Flood inlowlands

Climatic change

Drought

Dry and interfile soil


THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPER
MANAGEMENT OF DEVELOPMENT
ACTIVITIES AND THE ECOSYSTEM
Development activities must be properly managed to protect the
plants and animals and to maintain a stablebalanced
ecosystem.measures that taken include, implementation of lzws to
reduce pollution, use of technology, formal and informal education
sterssing on the concept of recycling to conserve nonrenewable
resources, reducing and reusing, preservation and conservation to
reduce environmental pollution and to protect plant and animal
species, especially those in danger of extinction, biological control
to reduce excessive usage of pestices, and efficient use of energy
and using renewable energy, for example solar energy, hydroelectric
power and wind power.
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