CESE

Carrier Ethernet Services Explained
Presenter: Colin Argent

Contents
Carrier Ethernet and the MEF
Ethernet Basic Principles
Carrier Ethernet Basic Terminology and Service Deinitions
Service Attri!"tes and Parameter val"es
MEF Certiication
Applications or Ethernet Services
Circ"it Em"lation over Ethernet # Mo!ile Bac$ha"l
Transporting Carrier Ethernet Services
Carrier Ethernet Access Technologies
Service %perations Administration and Maintenance
Carrier Ethernet & the MEF
MEF
P"rpose # Mission:
The deining !ody or Carrier Ethernet
A glo!al ind"stry alliance to accelerate the &orld&ide

adoption o Carrier Ethernet services and net&or$s
MEF develops Carrier Ethernet speciications
To promote interopera!ility
To promote the deployment o Carrier Ethernet &orld&ide

Technical speciications
'mplementation agreements
Test speciications
Position statements
Standards Ed"cation
(hite papers) videos
Ma*or events
Tool$its
Mar$eting programmes
Compliance
+endor
Service Provider
Approved Certiication ,a!
CE Proessional
Formed in -../
To develop !"siness services or Enterprise "sers
For Enterprise ,A0 interconnection
%ver optical metropolitan net&or$s

MEF
MEF Expansion to Carrier Ethernet
Metro Ethernet Services have expanded to incl"de:
(orld&ide services over national and glo!al net&or$s
Access net&or$s providing greater availa!ility over i!er) copper) ca!le) P%0)
and &ireless
Economy o scale:
rom the res"lting converged !"siness) residential and &ireless net&or$s sharing the
same inrastr"ct"re and services
Scala!ility # rapid deployment o !"siness applications
Adoption o the certiication program
(hile retaining the cost model and simplicity o Ethernet
MEF no& deines Carrier Ethernet Services

Man"act"rer:
Certiication o compliance or
Carrier Ethernet e1"ipment
s"pplied to Service Providers
Service Provider:
Service Provider Carrier
Ethernet services2 Endorsing its
a!ility to provide c"stomer
ass"rance
Acceleration of deployment of Carrier Ethernet in the
Access, MAN, & WAN
MEF Certiication Programs
MEF3Carrier Ethernet Certiied Proessional
Targeted to&ards:
Prod"ct managers
Prod"ct planners
Sales managers
Sales engineers
Technical mar$eting
representatives
Demonstrate the
$no&ledge re1"ired to:
Promote
Deine
Mar$et
Sell
Carrier Ethernet prod"cts
and services
To the 4ser:
A "!i1"ito"s)
standardi5ed) carrier
class service deined !y
6 attri!"tes that
disting"ish it rom
amiliar ,A03!ased
Ethernet
To the Service Provider:
A set o certiied net&or$

elements that connect to
transport Carrier Ethernet
services or all "sers)
locally and &orld&ide
Those services !eing

carried over physical
Ethernet net&or$s and
other legacy transport
technologies
(hat is Carrier Ethernet7
To the +endor:
A set o speciications) and test

s"ites against &hich their
prod"cts can !e certiied or
compliance and to aid
interopera!ility
't incl"des provision o external

interace 840' # E00'9
e1"ipment "nctionality that
can !e deployed in the
implementation o Carrier
Ethernet services
(hat is Carrier Ethernet7
Data moves from UNI to UNI across "the netor!" ith a layered
architect"re
(hen traic moves !et&een ET: domains is does so at the T;A0 layer
This allo&s Carrier Ethernet traic to !e agnostic to the net&or$s
that it traverses
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%ransport &ervices 'ayer

8e2g2) 'EEE <.-2/) S%0ET=SD:) MP,S9
Ethernet &ervices 'ayer
8Ethernet Service PD49
Application &ervices 'ayer

8e2g2) 'P) MP,S) PD:) etc29
APP Layer
ETH Layer
TRAN Layer
Carrier Ethernet Architect"re
6 Attri!"tes:
Standardi5ed Services
>no&n service
descriptions
Scala!ility
;elia!ility
S"! 6. ms recovery
Availa!ility
?"ality o Service
Service Management
MEF Attri!"tes o Carrier Ethernet
4!i1"ity
Services provided !y standardised

e1"ipment independent o
"nderlying transport
Standardised Service Types
E3,ine) E,A0) E3Tree
Circ"it Em"lation Services
S"pport or legacy transport
@ran"larity o Band&idth # ?oS
To meet the needs o c"stomers
Converged transport
Delivery o services over a single

pipe
Standardised Services
@eographical reach
0"m!ers o "sers=end
points
Application s"pport
Band&idth
Technology s"pport
Scala!ility
;esiliency:
,imiting impact o
ail"res
;apid recovery rom

a"lts
Protection
End3to3End # individ"al
lin$=node
;estoration
;apid 8s"!36.ms9
;elia!ility
Perormance
S,A deined g"arantees

or conig"red parameters
S,A parameters
Permitting dierent levels

o service premi"ms
?"antiia!le # Meas"ra!le
Frame loss) Frame delay)

'nter3Frame delay
variation
?"ality o Service
4niied management
Across dierent
vendorAs e1"ipment #
across dierent Service
providerAs net&or$s
Carrier3Class %AM
;apid provisioning
'ncreases in !and&idth)
addition o ne& services
Service Management
Carriers m"st contin"e to deliver service technolo$ies other than I#
Circ"it oriented services are signiicant reven"e generators
Existing applications are engineered to speciic technologies

Frame relay
ATM
TDM !ased E/ and T/ services
%hese services can (e delivered (y em"lation as Virtual Network Services
Ne services are $enerally provided (eteen Ethernet interfaces
PCs "se Ethernet
Servers "se Ethernet
+o'P devices "se Ethernet
2 2 2Ethernet is the interace o choice or carrier services too

%hese ne services "se Ethernet anyay
(e can deliver Ethernet services no& &ith S,A g"arantees

Mar$et or Carrier Ethernet
Ethernet )asic #rinciples
Media Access Control Addresses are *+ (its lon$
B !yte %4' assigned !y 'EEE
B Byte 0'C val"e

'oest order (it in each
(yte sent first
E,tended Uni-"e Identifiers
.EUI/ may event"ally
replace 0UI
EUI12* is formed from
0UI (y addin$
3 e,tra (ytes
These cannot !e
FFFE or FFFF
..FE oten "sed or 'PvC identiier
MAC Addresses
:"!
Server
Client B
Client A
;o"ter
The 'nternet
@lo!al 'P address
,ocal=Private 'P address
MAC address
MAC address
MAC address
MAC address
MAC
address
/2 (ho has 'P B7
-2 ' have 8MAC address9
Broadcast
4nicast
DA &A %ype Data C4C
Point3to3Point 84nicast9
Broadcast: rom one device to all other

devices
'P: <-2//C2-662-66
MAC: FF2FF2FF2FF2FF2FF
M"lticast: rom one device to a gro"p o

destination devices
'P: --D2x2x2x to -BE2x2x2x
MAC: see next page

Point3to3M"ltipoint
IANA has devised a mechanism for $eneratin$ m"lticast MAC addresses
IANA has allocated to it the prefi, 5615517e
%he loer 38 (its of the I# m"lticast $ro"p address are "sed in the loest
38 (its
This is not perect as B- m"lticast addresses map to each MAC address
Care sho"ld !e ta$en &hen selecting addresses to $eep the lo&est B !ytes
"ni1"e
M"lticast address identiied !y least
signiicant !it o irst !yte !eing set to /
,ayer - M"lticast Addresses
A MAC frame "ses either of the folloin$ frame formats 9
DA (6B) SA (6B) T/L (2B) data (0-1500B)
pad (0-46)
FCS (4B)
64 1518 Bytes
DA(6B) SA(6B) T/L(2B)
data (0-1500B)
pad(0-46) FCS(4B) VT(2B) VLAN(2B)
64 1522 Bytes
</..
<.-2Bas is expanding rame si5e to -...B !"t not all prod"cts s"pport this
P:F rame is larger G e2g2 pream!le) start3rame delimiter) etc2
.<..
.<..
Ethernet MAC Frame Format
%he 31(yte Ethertype identifies the client type
assigned !y 'EEE ;egistration A"thority
all Ethertypes are greater than .C.. 8/6BC decimal9

&ome "sef"l Ethertypes 9
.<.. 'PvD
.<.C A;P
</.. +,A0 tag
</B< 0ovell 'PH
<CDD 'PvC
<<.E slo& protocols
<<DI MP,S "nicast
<<D< MP,S m"lticast
<<D< CESoET:
<<F6 M+;P
<<FC MM;P
Ethernet Clients
A;P # 'P
In standard practice each 'AN needs its on infrastr"ct"re
/ !roadcast domain per set o ca!les and h"!s
All stations on ,A0 see all traic

We may ant a sin$le physical infrastr"ct"re to s"pport many 'ANs
Simpler and less expensive than maintaining separate inrastr"ct"res
M"ltiple lo&3speed ,A0s on one high3speed inrastr"ct"re
Segment !roadcast domains 8lo&er B(=processing9 &itho"t ro"ters
Sec"rity or dierent departments in company=gro"ps in camp"s

&eparation may (e (ased on sitch ports or MAC address or :'AN ID .ta$/
port3!ased
+,A0
+irt"al ,A0s
Initially there ere proprietary sol"tions to ta$$in$
+53;6< & +53;6p pro=ects defined format, protocols, and proced"res
<.-2/p res"lts &ere incorporated into <.-2/D3/EE<

Priority
+53;6< intentionally left separate and N0% incorporated
Considered s"iciently distinct rom non3+,A0 !ridging

+53;6ad and +53;6ah f"rther e,tend ta$$in$ formats and proced"res
:'ANs are often "sed to map services of the access for mappin$ to M#'&
or #) paths ithin the core netor!
+,A03!ased
+,A0
+irt"al ,A0s
Destination
Address
So"rce
Address
EtherType=
,ength
Payload C;C
D3!yte Tag :eader contains:
-3!yte Tag Protocol 'dentiier 8TP'D9 &ith a ixed val"e o .x</..2
'ndicates that rame carries the <.-2/?=<.-2/p Tag inormation2
-3!yte Tag Control 'normation 8TC'9 &ith the ollo&ing elements:
TP'D Priority CF' +'D
0ormal <.-2B
Frame
TA@ 'nserted or
<.-2/P=?
B3!it "serJpriority: B3!it !inary n"m!er capa!le o representing priority levels) . thro"gh I2
This ield is "sed primarily !y the <.-2/p standard2
/3!it Canonical Format 'ndicator 8CF'9: (ith a CF' val"e o .) it indicates canonical ormatK
A val"e o / indicates non3canonical ormat "sed in To$en ;ing and FDD'
/-3!it +,A0 'dentiier 8+'D9: +,A0 . and D.E6 are reserved) other val"es represent +,A0s2
This ield is "sed primarily !y the <.-2/? standard2
Standard allo&s less than the maxim"m 8D.ED9 +,A0s to !e s"pported2
TC'
For details see 'EEE Std <.-2/?) -..B Edition
B !its /- !its / !it
+,A0 Tr"n$ing Tag
A :'AN1aare sitch performs 71sta$e processin$9
In$ress r"le chec!in$
- modes: admit only tagged) admit all
classiy every incoming rame to a +'D 8i "ntagged to Priority 8P+'D99
discard rame not o!eying r"les) e2g2

port not in +'D mem!er set
"ntagged &ith admit only tagged
Active topolo$y enforcement
chec$ that rame sho"ld !e or&arded) discard i) e2g2

spanning tree or!ids or&arding or or&arding is !ac$ to port o origin
port not in or&arding state
MT4 exceeded
Frame filterin$ .accordin$ to MAC, :ID and filterin$ D) entry/
E$ress r"le chec!in$
discard i +'D not in mem!er set
add=remove tag as needed

<"e"in$ for transmission
+,A0 S&itch %peration
+,A0
0et&or$3
management
station
>o many :'ANs can I have?
:'AN ID is 63 (its so *5@2
's this eno"gh or a c"stomer7 G Pro!a!ly
's this eno"gh or a carrier7 G Pro!a!ly not
's this eno"gh or transit carrier7

+,A0 ,imits
%a$ Ethernet frames (y "sin$ Ethertype +655
First %a$ Ethertype is set to +655
&econd Ethertype is payload protocol .as in "nta$$ed frame/
)"t hat if e set a second %a$ Ethertype to +655 too?
%his is called :'AN stac!in$
or 8or o!vio"s reasons9 ?3in3?

&tac!in$ is not mentioned in +53;6<
!"t not r"led o"t eitherL

(arning:
altho"gh s"pericially ?3in3? loo$s
li$e an MP,S stac$) there is no
net&or$ layering here G the DA
remains the sameL
DA SA </..
+,A0
/
Type Data FCS
DA SA </..
+,A0
-
</..
+,A0
/
Type Data FCS
+,A0 Stac$ing
Why stac! :'ANs?
%ne reason is or Provider Bridge 0et&or$s

C"stomers may "se :IDs for internal reasons
and &ill &ant them maintained across the PB0

What if m"ltiple c"stomers "se the same :IDs ?
Provider m"st either:
Manage c"stomer +'Ds

allocate ranges to c"stomers
s&ap at ingress and egress or
Treat them as C"stomer +'Ds) and p"sh a Service +'D 8c"stomer 'D9
C+'DM/N/..
C+'DM/N/..
S+'DM/N-
PE PE
CE
CE
CE
CE
CE CE PE PE PB0
Provider Bridges 'EEE <.-2/ad
C"stomer frames have C1%AAs
#)N frames have &1%AAs and "s"ally have C1%AAs
C3TA@ contains a C3+'D
S3TA@ contains an S3+'D
C3TA@s are standard ormat +,A0 tags

+53;6ad &1%AAs are similar, ("t "se Ethertype ++A+
and have Drop Eligi!le 'ndicator instead o CF'

&ervice transparency
PE inserts S3TA@) C3TA@ !ecomes invisi!le to PB0
PE removes S3TA@) C3TA@ !ecomes visi!le to c"stomer net&or$

C3+'D # S3+'D
</.. 8C3Tag9 PCP CF' C3+'D
<<A< 8S3Tag9 PCP DE' S3+'D
C+'DM/N/..
C+'DM/N/..
S+'DM/N-
PE PE
CE
CE
CE
CE
S+'D /
S+'D -
?3in3?
:'ANs
M"ltiple net&or$ domains can share the same physical

net&or$ &ith no traic mixing
#rovider )rid$es
Provides separate instances o services to dierent

c"stomers 8O?3in3?P or +,A0 Stac$ing9
&ol"tion )enefits
Scala!ility !eyond Enterprise class net&or$ing
Segregation o c"stomer traic
Demarcation !et&een service provider and c"stomer

net&or$ domains
,imited data net&or$ engineering cooperation re1"ired

Payload
Ethertype
SA
DA
MAC: ..B.D<//B.c/ SA MAC: ..d.!I<E!</< DA
;#D +,A0
Finance +,A0
C4ST%ME; A
C4ST%ME; B
'EEE<.-2/
Payload
Ethertype
SA
DA
Ethertype
+'D
'EEE<.-2/1
+,A0s
Payload
Ethertype
SA
DA
Ethertype
C3+'D
Ethertype
S3+'D
'EEE<.-2/ad
Provider
Bridges
Provider Bridging <.-2/ad
<1in1< #)Ns simplify provider1c"stomer interface, ("t limited to *B &:IDs,
i;e; *B c"stomers
8+,A0s derive rom enterprise 8not carrier9 applications9
do not provide tr"e client=server 8deco"pled9 relationship

c"stomer +'Ds are hidden
!"t not c"stomer MAC addresses
no tr"e %AM trace "nctionality
#rovider sitches still have to learn c"stomer MAC addresses
Wo"ld really li!e f"ll deco"plin$, i;e; a clientCserver relationship
this can !e done via MAC3in3MAC

Pro!lems &ith PB0s
4p to D.EC
+,A0 'Ds
4p to D.EC
+,A0 'Ds
4p to D.EC
+,A0 'Ds
:o& can &e cope &ith so many MAC addresses7
(ill they all !e glo!ally "ni1"e7
:o& !ig &ill MAC ta!les have to !e7
B3DA: Bac$!one Destination MAC address
B3SA: Bac$!one So"rce MAC address
B3Tag: Bac$!one T"nnel Tag
'3Tag: Extended Service Tag
MAC1in1MAC
C"stomer A
C"stomer C
C"stomer B
C"stomer D
Scaling # MAC Ta!le Si5e
4p to D.EC
+,A0 'Ds
payload FCS
payload FCS DA SA
<.-2/d
T
B3TA@ <<A< '3TA@ Type B3SA B3DA
S3TA@ <<A< C3TA@ </.. DA SA
D
<.-2/ah 8MAC3in3MAC9
T
S3TA@ <<A< C3TA@ </.. payload FCS DA SA
<.-2/ad 8?3in3?9
T
+,A0 </.. payload FCS DA SA
<.-2/1
T
Progress to MAC3in3MAC
#rovider )ac!(one )rid$e Netor!s
!ac$!one provider is a OcarrierAs carrierP

)ac!(one Ed$e sitches "se
'3TA@s &ith '3S'D o -D3!its
B3TA@ &ith B3+'D o /-3!its
one or more '3TA@s and a B3TA@
'3TA@ is a ne& ormat) '3S'D is a -D3!it la!el 8no more D> limitation9
CE
PB0
CE
CE
CE
CE
PB0
CE
CE
CE
CE
PB0
CE
CE
PBB0
BE
BE
BE
PE
PE
PE
<.-2/d or <.-2/1
interace
<.-2/ad
interace
B
B
<.-2/ah
interace
'3TA@
'3DE'8/!9 ;ES8D!9 '3S'D8-D!9 '3PCP8B!9
Provider Bac$!one Bridge 0et&or$ <.-2/ah
IEEE +53;6ad %erminolo$y
C3TA@ C"stomer +,A0 TA@
C3+,A0 C"stomer +,A0
C3+'D C"stomer +,A0 'D
S3TA@ Service +,A0 TA@
S3+,A0 Service +,A0
S3+'D Service +,A0 'D

Additional #rovider )ac!(one )rid$e %erminolo$y
HS3TA@ Extended Service +,A0 TA@ 8'3TA@=ES3TA@9
HS3+'D Extended Service +,A0 'D 8S'D=ES3+'D9
C3MAC C"stomer MAC Address
B3MAC Bac$!one MAC Address
B3+,A0 Bac$!one +,A0 8t"nnel9
B3TA@ Bac$!one TA@ Field
B3+'D Bac$!one +,A0 'D 8t"nnel9

Terminology
Frame fields that are "sed for priority mana$ement9
PCP: Priority Code Point 8B !its9
DE': Drop Eligi!le 'ndicator 8/ !it9

%hese fields e,ist in9
B3Tag: Bac$!one priority
'3Tag: Provider priority
S3Tag: C"stomer priority

PBB Priority Management
B3DA
B3SA
B3+'D
'3S'D
DA
SA
S3+'D
C3+'D
Payload
#rovider )ac!(one %ransport ("ilds on +53;6ah #))Ns
to achieve relia!le) deterministic) carrier3class !ehavio"r

+53;6ah $ives (ac!(one provider its on addressin$ space .MAC E :'AN/
Addresses not shared ith c"stomer .no need to learn c"stomer MACs/
and so provider is ree to "se address space as it sees it

We sa (efore that I:' sitches forard (ased on 251(it addresses
!"t their capa!ilities limited d"e to limitations o STP) looding) etc2

)"t most I:' sitches allo static FID .preconfi$"red forardin$
(ehavior/
and s"pport t"rning o learning=STP=looding=aging

We can th"s set "p p"re connection1oriented topolo$y
We can "se mana$ement .0&&/
or control plane protocols 8e2g2 ;S+P3TE9 to pop"late F'D ta!les

8'ETF @E,S=CCAMP) 'T4 @2p!t9
B+'DM/
B+'DM-
Provider Bac$!one Transport 8PBT9
'EEE <.-2/ah %vervie& 8Mac3in3Mac) or MinM9
0et&or$ +ie&
A
A
A
+'D-
+'D/ SA/
+'D- SA-
+'D/ DA/
+'D/ DA/
C"stomer Perspective
B
B
B
OsameP +,A0 'D as C"stomer A +'D/ SA/
+'D/ DA/
Service Provider Perspective 8M"lti3C"stomer9
4ni1"e Service 'D or C"stomer B
Customer B
Network
Customer A
Network
Customer B
Network
'3S'D/ DA-
'3S'D- DA/
'3S'D- SA/
'3S'D/ SA-
Customer A
Network
Provider Bac$!one Bridging <.-2/ah
Carrier Ethernet
)asic %erminolo$y &
&ervice Definitions
MEF &as initially responsi!le or the

deinition and speciication o Metro
Ethernet 0et&or$s and services
(ith expansion o scope to incl"de Carrier

Ethernet Services it &as decided not to
change the speciications already deined
So altho"gh MEF speciications deine

Carrier Ethernet Services and 0et&or$s)
the speciications still reer to Metro
Ethernet services and Metro Ethernet
0et&or$s
The services and net&or$s deined in the

speciications do relate to Carrier Ethernet
The terms are "sed interchangea!ly

CE
CE
CE
40'
Metro
Ethernet
0et&or$
8ME09
40'
(hy MEF Speciications reer to ME0
Data moves from UNI to UNI across "the netor!" ith a layered
architect"re
(hen traic moves !et&een ET: domains it does so at the T;A0 layer
This allo&s Carrier Ethernet traic to !e agnostic to the net&or$s
it traverses
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%ransport &ervices 'ayer

8e2g2) 'EEE <.-2/) S%0ET=SD:) MP,S9
Ethernet &ervices 'ayer
8Ethernet Service PD49
Application &ervices 'ayer

8e2g2) 'P) MP,S) PD:) etc29
APP Layer
ETH Layer
TRAN Layer
ME0 ,ayer 0et&or$ Model
Ethernet Services ,ayer Terminology
%perator /
Carrier Ethernet
0et&or$
CE
CE
UNI
UNI
Ethernet Services ETH Layer
Subscriber Site
ETH
UNI-C
ETH
UNI-C
ETH
UNI-N
ETH
UNI-N
ETH
UNI-N
ETH
UNI-N
ETH
ENNI
ETH
ENNI
ETH
UNI-C
ETH
UNI-C
40': 4ser30et&or$ 'nterace) 40'3C: 40'3c"stomer side) 40'30 40'3net&or$ side
00': 0et&or$30et&or$ 'nterace) E300': External 00'K '300' 'nternal 00'
CE: C"stomer Edge 8E1"ipment9
UNI
UNI
CE
CE
I-NNI
I-NNI
ENNI
ENNI
%perator -
I-NNI
I-NNI
ETH
ENNI
ETH
ENNI
Subscriber Site
MEF deinitions and speciications are relevant at external interaces: 40' # E00'
Carrier Ethernet Architect"re
C"stomer E-"ipment .CE/ attaches to UNI
CE can (e
A ro"ter
A 'EEE <.-2/? !ridge 8s&itch9

UNI .User1Netor! Interface/
Standard 'EEE <.-2B Ethernet P:F and MAC
/.M!ps) /..M!ps) /@!ps or /.@!ps

Metro Ethernet Netor! .MEN/
May "se dierent transport and

service delivery technologies
S%0ET=SD:) (DM) ;P;)
MAC3in3MAC) ?3in3?) MP,S
CE
CE
CE
40'
Metro
Ethernet
0et&or$
8ME09
40'
MEF Carrier Ethernet Terminology
Service provider
responsi!ility
UNI
UNI
Carrier Ethernet
0et&or$
%he User Netor! Interface .UNI/
The 40' is a reerence point that is the demarcation

!et&een the c"stomer and the service provider=Ca!le
%perator=Carrier=MS%
The 40' is typically at a port on an active device o&ned

and operated !y the Service Provider
The 40' in a Carrier Ethernet 0et&or$ "ses a physical

Ethernet 'nterace at operating speeds /.M!s)
/..M!ps) /@!ps or /.@!ps
The B(P at the 40' may !e symmetric or asymmetric

CE
CE
c"stomer
responsi!ility
4ser30et&or$ 'nterace 840'9
Point3to3Point
E+C
Ethernet :irt"al Connection .E:C/
Service container
An association o t&o or more 40's
Connecting t&o or more s"!scri!er sites
Prevents data transer !et&een sites that are not part o the same E+C
Types o E+Cs
Point3to3Point
M"ltipoint3to3M"ltipoint
;ooted3M"ltipoint
T&o or more E+Cs can m"ltiplexed on the same 40'
S"pports the mapping o m"ltiple +,A0s to the same E+C
Deined in MEF /.2- technical speciication

Ethernet +irt"al Connection
40' 40'
%perator
0et&or$
E+C
C"stomer contracts
&ith Service Provider
Service Provider responsi!le
or 40's) E+C) and S,A
Service Provider
MEF /. 840'9 Service Model
%perator: a net&or$ operator
responsi!le or the administration o
a Carrier Ethernet 0et&or$ 8or ME09
F"nctional Elements of the UNI
There are t&o "nctional elements located in t&o connected devices sit"ated
on either side o the 40' demarcation point:
40'3C: Exec"tes the processes o the c"stomer side
40'30: Exec"tes the processes o the net&or$ side
40'30 "nctional elements may !e distri!"ted
Service provider
responsi!ility
UNI
UNI
CE
CE
c"stomer
responsi!ility
40'3C
40'3C
40'30
40'30
Carrier Ethernet
0et&or$
Deinition # ;ole o the 40'
ET: Access ,in$
Data plae C!t "!l plae
#aa$e%et plae
Control
plane
Management plane
C!t"!l plae Data plae
#aa$e%et plae
40'30
Data
plane
40'3C
ET: Tr"n$ ,in$s
Service Frame Flo&
40'
;eerence
Point
EMS 'nterace
Management plane
Control
plane
Data
plane
4elationship (eteen service frames ."ser $enerated/, control and Carrier
Ethernet mana$ement frames
S"!scri!er to S"!scri!er service rames 8incl"ding S"!scri!erAs data) control and

management rames9 are handled !y 40'3C and 40'30 data plane "nctional
elements
Control rames !et&een S"!scri!er and Service Provider are handled !y 40'3C and
40'30 control plane "nctional elements
Management rames !et&een S"!scri!er and Service Provider are handled !y 40'3C
and 40'30 management plane "nctional elements
40'3C=40'30 F"nctional Elements
UNI %ype 6
A 40' compliant &ith MEF /B
Man"ally Conig"ra!le !y c"stomer # Service Provider
40' Type /2/:

0on3service m"ltiplexed service 8EP,9
40' Type /2-:

S"pports service m"ltiplexed service 8E+P,9
For "nctionality re1"irements see:

MEF /B 40' Type / 'mplementation Agreement
CE
CE
UNI-C UNI-N
40' Types
UNI %ype 3
A 40' compliant &ith MEF -.
Bac$&ards compati!le &ith Type / 40's
Capa!ility or 40'3C to retrieve stat"s # conig"ration inormation rom 40'30
4sing E3,M'
Capa!ility or c"stomer # Service Provider to chec$ # diagnose 40'

connectivity 8,in$ %AM # Service %AM9
Capa!ility to protect 40' against port ail"re 8,in$ aggregation9
For "nctionality re1"irements see:

MEF -. 40' Type - 'mplementation Agreement
40' Types
%ype 3;6 MU&% s"pport9
&0AM
Enhanced UNI Attri("tes
'3C# >andlin$
And MAF s"pport9
E1'MI
'in! 0AM
#rotection
%ype 3;3 MU&% s"pport9
&0AM
Enhanced UNI Attri("tes
'3C# >andlin$
E1'MI
'in! 0AM
#rotection
B types deined
Deine the service
characteristics
Deine parameter
val"es=options or
the dierent
service attri!"tes
Carrier Ethernet &ervice Definition Frameor!
A service is defined (y
Service Type
Service Attri!"tes
Service Attri!"te Parameters

MEF C2/ # /.2-
E3,ine
E,A0
E3Tree
Carrier Ethernet Services Deinitions
MEF C2/ introd"ces the ollo&ing enhancements:
Deinition o a ne& service type 8E3Tree9
Addition o o"r ne& services

&ervice %ype
#ort1)ased
.All1to10ne )"ndlin$/
:'AN1)ased
.&ervice M"ltiple,ed/
E1'ine
8Point3to3Point E+C9
Ethernet #rivate 'ine
8EP,9
Ethernet :irt"al #rivate 'ine
8E+P,9
E'AN
8m"ltipoint3to3m"ltipoint E+C9
Ethernet #rivate 'AN
8EP3,A09
Ethernet :irt"al #rivate 'AN
8E+P3,A09
E1%ree
8rooted m"ltipoint E+C9
Ethernet #rivate %ree
8EP3Tree9
Ethernet :irt"al #rivate %ree
8E+P3Tree9
MEF Ethernet Services Deinitions
E1'ine &ervice "sed to create
Ethernet Private ,ines
+irt"al Private ,ines
Ethernet 'nternet Access

E'AN &ervice "sed to create
M"ltipoint ,- +P0s
Transparent ,A0 Service
Fo"ndation or 'PT+ and

M"lticast net&or$s etc2
E3,ine Service type
Point3to3Point E+C
Carrier Ethernet
0et&or$
CE
CE
UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
CE
CE
E,A0 Service type
M"ltipoint3to3M"ltipoint E+C
Carrier Ethernet
0et&or$
CE
CE
UNI
UNI
CE
CE
UNI
UNI
'nitial Service Types "sing E+Cs
Per 40' Attri!"tes
Physical 'nteraces
Frame ormat
Service M"ltiplexing=B"ndling
'ngress=egress !and&idth
proiles
,ayer - Control Protocol

Processing
P-P E+C
40'
/ 40'
-
CE
CE
'ngress
40'
Egress
40'
Descri(e the service and
(ehavio"r of UNI & E:C
E+C Per 40' Attri!"tes
40'=E+C 'D
CE3+,A0 'D=E+C Mapping
proiles
Per E+C Attri!"tes
Type # 'D
40' ,ist
CE3+,A0 'D Preservation
CE3+,A0 CoS Preservation
Service Frame Delivery r"les

Processing
E+C Perormance
E+C
Ethernet Flo&
Service Attri!"tes
Point3to3Point services are realised "sing an E+C

!et&een exactly t&o 40's
Service is !ased on point3to3point E+Cs
Port3!ased: All CE3+,A0 'Ds are mapped to a single E+C 8All

to %ne B"ndling9
Ethernet Private ,ine 8EP,9
+,A03!ased: 40' can !e Service M"ltiplexed 8can have

m"ltiple point3to3point E+Cs &ith +,A0 'D3E+C mapping9
Ethernet +irt"al Private ,ine 8E+P,9
More than one point3to3point E+C may !e oered on the

same physical port at one or !oth 40's
Port3!ased Service
Point3to3Point E+C
UNI UNI
+,A03!ased Service
Point3to3Point E+Cs
UNI UNI
UNI
Service
M"ltiplexed
E3,ine Service Type
Ethernet Private ,ine 8EP,9
;eplaces a TDM private line
Point3to3Point connection !et&een dedicated

40's
Single E+C per 40'
Most pop"lar Ethernet service d"e to its

simplicity
Point3to3Point E+C
Carrier Ethernet
0et&or$
CE
CE
UNI
UNI
CE
CE UNI
UNI
CE
CE
UNI
UNI
'SP
P%P
UNI
UNI
Storage Service
Provider
'nternet
Services "sing E3,ine Service Type
Ethernet +irt"al Private ,ine 8E+P,9
't allo&s or Service M"ltiplexing at one or more 40's
Ena!les a 40' to s"pport m"ltiple E+Cs
Allo&s or dierent service perormance or each E+C
Ena!les selective delivery o service rames to speciic

E+Cs
;eplaces Frame ;elay or ATM services

+,A03!ased Service
Point3to3Point E+Cs
UNI UNI
UNI
Service
M"ltiplexed
Services "sing E3,ine Service Type
A 40' service attri!"te in &hich the 40' can s"pport

more than one E+C instance
A 40' &ith the Service M"ltiplexing attri!"te m"st !e

conig"ra!le to s"pport m"ltiple E+Cs
Any com!ination o Point3to3Point E+Cs and

M"ltipoint E+Cs may !e conig"red at the 40'
UNI UNI
UNI
Service
M"ltiplexed
/.. M!ps
/.. M!ps
/ @!ps
Single Port
Service M"ltiplexing
A service instance !et&een t&o or more 40's
T&o or more 40's associated &ith a M"ltipoint3

to3M"ltipoint E+C
A M"ltipoint3to3M"ltipoint E+C &ith *"st - 40's is

dierent rom a Point3to3Point E+C !eca"se it is
permissi!le or one or more 40's to !e added to
the E+C instance
- 40's
UNI
UNI
'ncreased to B 40's
UNI UNI
UNI
Service
M"ltiplexed
Service is !ased on M"ltipoint3to3M"ltipoint E+Cs
Port3!ased: all CE3+,A0 'Ds map to a single MP-MP

E+C
Ethernet Private ,A0 8EP3,A09
+,A03!ased: CE3+,A0 'Ds map to speciic M"ltipoint3to3

M"ltipoint E+Cs
Service M"ltiplexing may !e implemented at one or more

40's
Ethernet +irt"al Private ,A0 8E+P3,A09

UNI UNI
UNI
Service
M"ltiplexed
E,A0 Service Type
Ethernet #rivate 'AN .E#1'AN/ and Ethernet :irt"al #rivate 'AN .E:#1
'AN/&ervices
S"pports dedicated or service3m"ltiplexed 40's
S"pports Transparent ,A0 Services 8T,S9 and m"ltipoint ,ayer - +P0s

Ethernet M"lticast
Point to m"ltipoint or !roadcast applications 8+ideo9

Service
M"ltiplexed
Ethernet
40'
Point3to3M"ltipoint E+C
Carrier
Ethernet
0et&or$
CE
CE
UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
CE
CE
CE
CE
Services "sing E3,A0 Service Type
The EP3,A0 service is deined to provide CE3+,A0

tag preservation and t"nnelling o $ey ,ayer - Control
Protocols
This ena!les the c"stomer to conig"re +,A0s across

sites &itho"t the need to coordinate &ith the Service
Provider
Each interace is conig"red or All to %ne B"ndling
CE3+,A0 'D Preservation # CE3+,A0 CoS Preservation is

s"pported
UNI UNI
UNI
EP3,A0 Service Attri!"tes
A!ility to connect corporate 40's in a metro net&or$

"sing an E,A0 service
'n parallel to "sing a dierent service to access a p"!lic or

private 'P service rom one or more 40's
Attri!"tes that may or may not !e "sed:
B"ndling
CE3+,A0 tag preservation
,ayer - Control Protocol Processing

UNI UNI
UNI
Service
M"ltiplexed
E+P3,A0 Service Attri!"tes
MEF terminology or a specialised Point3to3

M"ltipoint service
't is realised as a M"ltipoint E+C in &hich

each 40' is designated as either a ;oot or
a ,ea
;oot
Carrier Ethernet 0et&or$
CE
CE
UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
CE
CE
CE
CE
,ea
,ea
UNI
UNI
CE
CE
,ea
E3Tree is reerenced in MEF /.2- as ;ooted3M"ltipoint E+C
;ooted3M"ltipoint Services
There may !e one) or more than one ;oot

40'
'n the case o a single ;oot:
'ngress traic at a ;oot 40' may !e

delivered to one or more ,ea 40's
'ngress traic at a ,ea 40' can only !e

delivered to a ;oot 40'
0ever to another ,ea 40'

Deinition # Capa!ilities o ;oot # ,ea
' m"ltiple ;oot 40's are implemented:
,ea 40's may deliver traic to one or more

;oot 40's
A ;oot 40' can deliver traic to one or any

,ea 40's
;oot 40's may comm"nicate &ith each other
;ed"ndant access to the ;oots may !e

provided) th"s permitting greater relia!ility and
resilience
M"ltiple ;oots
Ena!les ;ooted3M"ltipoint services &ith less

provisioning than typical h"! and spo$e conig"ration
"sing E3,ines
Provides traic separation
Traic rom a ,ea can only !e delivered to one or more

;oots G 0ever to another ,ea
Targeted at m"lti3host # ranchised applications
(here "ser traic m"st !e $ept invisi!le to other "sers

;oot
CE
CE
UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
CE
CE
CE
CE
,ea
,ea
UNI
UNI
CE
CE
,ea
E3Tree is reerenced in MEF /.2- as ;ooted3M"ltipoint E+C
E3Tree Service Type
Ethernet Private Tree 8EP3Tree9 Service
Ethernet +irt"al Private Tree 8E+P3Tree9 Service
Ena!ling Service M"ltiplexing at one or more 40's
Allo& those nodes to also have an E+P3,A0 service

or example
Services "sing E3Tree Service Type
The EP3Tree service is deined to provide CE3+,A0

tag preservation and t"nnelling o $ey ,ayer - Control
Protocols
This ena!les the c"stomer to conig"re +,A0s across

sites &itho"t the need to coordinate &ith the Service
Provider
Each interace is conig"red or All to %ne B"ndling
CE3+,A0 'D Preservation # CE3+,A0 CoS Preservation is

s"pported
EP3Tree Service Attri!"tes
A!ility to interconnect participating 40's in a ;ooted3

M"ltipoint connection
'n parallel to "sing an E+P3,A0 service rom t&o o the

,ea nodes 8in this example9
Attri!"tes that may or may not !e "sed:
B"ndling
CE3+,A0 tag preservation

;oot
CE
CE
UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
CE
CE
CE
CE
,ea
,ea
UNI
UNI
CE
CE
,ea
&M
&M
E+P3Tree Service Attri!"tes
The selection o service type is inl"enced !y several

considerations
The n"m!er and location o the "sers and the servers providing
applications
Sec"rity and protection needs
Existing "se o protocols and services G partic"larly +,A0s
Expertise &ithin "ser organi5ation to control net&or$ing and

protocols
(hich Service to Select
TDM ,ine ;eplacement:
Company has an o3site data storage capa!ility
Connectivity c"rrently provided !y TDM lin$
Amena!le to Carrier Ethernet sol"tion
Sol"tion: An EP, service

Point3to3Point E+C
Carrier Ethernet
0et&or$
CE
CE
CE
CE UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
Storage Service
Provider
Storage Service
Provider
Service Example: EP, Service
Frame ;elay ;eplacement:
Company has limited capacity F; lin$s !et&een its !ranches

and :?
't &ishes to increase the !and&idth and perormance o!*ectives

o those lin$s
Sol"tion:
E+P, at:
:? # Branches
Point3to3Point E+Cs
UNI UNI
UNI
Service
M"ltiplexed
Point3to3Point Frame ;elay lin$s
UNI UNI
UNI
Service Example: E+P, Service
%ransparent 'AN &ervice .%'&/ provides
'ntra3company Connectivity
F"ll transparency o
control protocols 8BPD4s9
Ne :'ANs added
&itho"t coordination &ith provider

%'& ma!es the Carrier Ethernet
Netor! loo! li!e a 'AN
MP-MP
E+C
40' /
40'
B
40' D
40'
-
CE0
+,A0s
Engineering
+,A0s
Sales
Engineering
+,A0s
Sales
+,A0s
Sales
The example ill"strates the Port3!ased EP3,A0 implementation
A single MP-MP E+C
Service Example: Port3!ased EP3,A0 Service
C"stomer Service
C"stomer Service
+ideo Distri!"tion=M"lticast services
Delivered over EP3Tree

4oot
UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
CE
CE
CE
CE
'eaf
'eaf
UNI
UNI
CE
CE
'eaf
;ooted3M"ltipoint E+C
HD TV
TVoD, VoD
Video
Source
Video
Source
Service Example: EP3Tree Service
40' 40' E00' E00'
%perator
A
%perator
B
%perator
C
E+C
C"stomer contracts
Service Provider contracts
&ith each %perator
Service Provider
Speciied in MEF -C
E00' Service Model
Service Provider: an organisation responsi!le or the 40' to 40'

Ethernet service 8may also !e an %perator9
%perator: a net&or$ operator responsi!le or the administration o

a Carrier Ethernet 0et&or$ 8or ME09
E00': External 0et&or$30et&or$ 'nterace
An open standard reerence point at the !o"ndary !et&een t&o

%perator ME0s that are operated as separate administrative domains
%+C: %perator +irt"al Connection
An association o %+C Endpoints
40' to E00') E00' to E00') E00' to 40') 40' to 40'.ith ENNI connection/
E+C: Ethernet +irt"al Connection
An association o t&o or more 40's

Terminology
40': 4ser30et&or$ 'nterace) 40'3C: 40'3c"stomer side) 40'30: 40'3net&or$ side
00': 0et&or$30et&or$ 'nterace) E300': External 00'K '300' 'nternal 00'
CE: C"stomer Edge 8E1"ipment9
%perator /
Carrier Ethernet
0et&or$
CE
CE
UNI
UNI
Subscriber Site
ETH
UNI-C
ETH
UNI-C
ETH
UNI-N
ETH
UNI-N
ETH
UNI-N
ETH
UNI-N
ETH
ENNI
ETH
ENNI
ETH
UNI-C
ETH
UNI-C
UNI
UNI
CE
CE
I-NNI
I-NNI
ENNI
ENNI
%perator -
I-NNI
I-NNI
ETH
ENNI
ETH
ENNI
Subscriber Site
Deinition # ;ole o the E00'
Physical ,ayer: @iga!it # /.@iga!it Ethernet 'EEE <.-2B G -..6
/...BASE3SH) /...BASE ,H) /...BASE T
/.@BASE3S;) /.@BASE3,HD) /.@BASE3,;) /.@BASE3E;
/.@BASE3S() /.@BASE3,() /.@BASE3E(
%ne or more physical lin$s:
Standardised protection: ,in$ aggregation) one lin$ active) one lin$ as

!ac$"p
%ther protection: !y m"t"al agreement
MT4 Si5e:
Q /6-C !ytes re1"ired
Q -... !ytes recommended

Service Provider /
CE
CE
UNI
UNI
Customer Site
ENNI
ENNI
UNI
UNI
CE
CE
Service Provider -
Customer Site
E00' ;e1"irements
Direct Connect
A !ilateral E00' peering arrangement !et&een t&o
Carrier Ethernet providers
%perator /
CE
CE
UNI
UNI
Customer Site
ENNI
ENNI
UNI
UNI
CE
CE
%perator -
Customer Site
%perator 'nterconnect
Carrier Ethernet E,chan$e
An interconnect point among operators or Carrier
Ethernet services
%perator
CE
CE
UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
CE
CE
%perator
%perator
CE
CE
UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
CE
CE
%perator
UNI
UNI
CE
CE
%perator
Carrier Ethernet
Exchange
E00'
E00'
%perator 'nterconnect
%perator
CE
CE
UNI
UNI
E00'
0ational 0ational
A
)
C
Creating @lo!al Carrier Ethernet Services
Similar in concept to an E+C
An %+C is an association o %+C Endpoints
An %+C constrains the exchange o rames !et&een

external interaces o an %perator ME0
40' to E00') E00' to 40') E00' to E00') 40' to 40' 8&ith

E00' connection9
An %+C associates &ith one %+C Endpoint at a given 40'
An %+C may associate more than one %+C Endpoint at a

E00'
At least one o the %+C Endpoints associated !y an %+C

m"st !e at an E00'
%perator +irt"al Connection 8%+C9
An 0:C can associate more
than one 0:C End #oint that
is at an ENNI
ENNI
UNI A
UNI )
a
!
c
e d
:airpin S&itching
An 0:C can associate at
most one 0:C End #oint that
is at a UNI
a 0:C End #oint
0:C
An 0:C can s"pport >airpin
&itchin$ at an ENNI
An ingress E00' Frame can res"lt in
an egress E00' Frame at the same
E00' !"t it m"st !e mapped to a
dierent %+C End Point
%perator
ME0
%+C End Points
ENNI
UNI A
UNI )
a
!
e
CE1:'AN ID of the &ervice
Frame is "sed to map the
frame to either an 0:C End
#oint or an E:C
a 0:C End #oint
0:C
%he C"stomer at UNI A perceives that
CE1:'AN ID 7@ maps to an E:C; 0nly
the &ervice #rovider !nos the
implementation of 0:C
%perator
ME0
E+C
E+C
AB
Mapping Service Frames to %+Cs
ENNI
UNI A
UNI )
a
!
c
e d
For &1%a$$ed ENNI Frames,

the &1:'AN ID maps the
frame to 0:C End #oints
a 0:C End #oint
0:C
If an ENNI Frame is >airpin
&itched, the &1:'AN ID val"e ill
chan$e
)"ndlin$ can (e applied at the
ENNI
M"ltiple &1:'AN IDs can

map to the same 0:C End
#oint
%perator
ME0
Mapping E00' Frames to %+Cs
%perator
ME0 A
%perator
ME0 B
40' B
BB
&1:'AN ID 0:C End #oint
3538 )6
653+ )3
A/ B/
A-
40' A!
40' Aa
AB
AD
B-
3538 A6
653+ A3
&ervice #rovider :ie
40' B
40' A!
40' Aa
C"stomer :ie
A End #oint Map
) End #oint Map
40' ,ist: Aa) A!) B
>airpin &itched 0:Cs
Creating an E+C &ith %+Cs
Standards Bodies Ethernet %AM and Ena!lers
+53;8 cla"se 7G .+53;8ah/ H Ethernet in the First Mile
+53;6a$ H Connectivity Fa"lt Mana$ement
+53;6a= H %o #ort MAC 4elay
+53;6ap H MI) Definitions for :'AN (rid$es
+53;6-C+53;6ad H :'ANs & #rovider )rid$in$
MEF G;6 H EM&1NM& Info Model
MEF 68 H UNI1%ype 6
MEF 67 H NE Mana$ement 4e-
MEF 62 H Ethernet 'ocal M$mt Interface
MEF 6G H 0AM 4e- & Frameor!
MEF 35 H UNI1%ype 3
MEF 32 H E,ternal Netor! to Netor! Interface
MEF 85 H Fa"lt Mana$ementCMEF 82 #erformance Monitorin$
NID &pecification
F;6G85CF;6G86 H Ethernet 0AM 4e- & Mechanisms
A;+586CA;+583 H Ethernet #rotection
F;6728 H #erformance and Availa(ility
F;672&AM H &ervice Activation Methodolo$y .renamed F;672*/
4FC 37** H )enchmar!in$ Method for Nt! Interconnect Dev
4FC 3+6@ H 4emote Monitorin$ .4M0N Etherstats/
%MF+6* H EM& to NM& Model .Cor(a/
%MF+7* H EM& to NM& .We( services 1 M%0&I/
>ey Ethernet Standards Bodies
3
@2<./. G ,ayer Architect"re
@2<.-/ G E1"ipment model
@2<./.v- G ,ayer Architect"re
@2<.-/v- G E1"ipment model
F2/Iethmpls 3 ET:3MP,S 'nter&or$
3
@2<.// G Services Frame&r$
@2<.//2/ G EP, Service
@2<.//2- G E+P, Service
@2asm G Service Mgmt Arch
@2smc G Service Mgmt Chnl
%MF
I%U
TMF</D G EMS to 0MS Model
F2/IB. G Ethernet %AM ;e1
F2/IB/ G %AM Mechanisms
@2<.B/ G Protection
F2/Ieth1os G ?oS
F2ethper 3 Perormance
Ethernet 0AM Architect"reCControl Ethernet &ervices
3
@2<./- G 40'=00'
@2<./-v- G 40'=00'
MEF D G @eneric Architect"re
MEF - G Protection ;e1 # Frame&or$
MEF // G 40' ;e1 # Frame&or$
MEF /- G ,ayer Architect"re
MEF -B G Class o Service
MEF /.2- G Service Attri!"tes
MEF B G Circ"it Em"lation
MEF C2/ G Service Deinition
MEF < G PD: Em"lation
MEF E G Tests: Eth Services
MEF /D G Tests: Traic Mgmt2
MEF -- 3 Mo!ile Bac$ha"l
MEF
MEF IG EMS30MS 'no Model
MEF /6G 0E Mgmt ;e1rmts2
MEF /I G Service %AM
;e1"irements # Frame&or$
Service %AM Protocol G Ph2 /
Perormance Monitoring
MEF -/ G Tests: ,in$ %AM
MEF -D G Tests: 40' T-=E3,M'
MEF /B 3 40' Type /
MEF /C G E,M'
MEF -. G 40' Type -
E00'
Ethernet
Interfaces
&tandards
)ody
<.-2Bah G EFM %AM
<.-2/ag G CFM
<.-2/AB 3 Discovery
<.-2/ap G +,A0 M'B
<.-2B G MAC
<.-2Bar G Congestion Management
<.-2/D=? G Bridges=+,A0
<.-2/I 3 ;P;
<.-2/ad G Provider Bridges
2/ah G Provider Bac$!one Bridges
2/a$ G M"ltiple ;egistration Protocol
2/a* G T&o Port MAC ;elay
2/AE=a G MAC = >ey Sec"rity
2/a1 G Shortest Path Bridging
3
<.-2B G P:Fs
<.-2Bas 3 Frame
Expansion
IEEE
Ethernet Standards
%echnical &pecifications
They incl"de architect"ral and a!stract models re1"ired to create a ro!"st

platorm o technical re1"irements and deinitions
They are the principal doc"ments that deine mandatory and optional
elements) attri!"tes etc2) o the elements o a Carrier Ethernet net&or$ 840')
Services) 00') etc9
Implementation A$reements
These typically 1"antiy speciic parameters and attri!"tes called o"t in the
technical speciications so that consistent) interopera!le implementation can
occ"r
A(stract %est &"ites
These consist o a series o tests to !e "sed to meas"re conormance to

certain MEF speciications2
They are intended to !e "sed to create speciic test plans s"ch as those
"sed in the MEF Certiication Program
MEF Standards
Speciication Description
MEF / 'ntrod"ction to the Speciications
MEF - ;e1"irements and Frame&or$ or Ethernet Service Protection
MEF B Circ"it Em"lation Service Deinitions) Frame&or$ and ;e1"irements in Metro Ethernet 0et&or$s
MEF D Metro Ethernet 0et&or$ Architect"re Frame&or$ Part /: @eneric Frame&or$
MEF C2/ Metro Ethernet Services Deinitions Phase -
MEF I EMS30MS 'normation Model
MEF < 'mplementation Agreement or the Em"lation o PD: Circ"its over Metro Ethernet 0et&or$s
MEF E A!stract Test S"ite or Ethernet Services at the 40'
MEF /.2- Ethernet Services Attri!"tes Phase -
MEF // 4ser 0et&or$ 'nterace 840'9 ;e1"irements and Frame&or$
MEF /- Metro Ethernet 0et&or$ Architect"re Frame&or$ Part -: Ethernet Services ,ayer
MEF /B 4ser 0et&or$ 'nterace 840'9 Type / 'mplementation Agreement
MEF /D A!stract Test S"ite or Traic Management Phase /
MEF /6 ;e1"irements or Management o Metro Ethernet Phase / 0et&or$ Elements
MEF Speciications S"mmary
MEF /C Ethernet ,ocal Management 'nterace
MEF /I Service %AM Frame&or$ and ;e1"irements
MEF /< A!stract Test S"ite or Circ"it Em"lation Services
MEF /E A!stract Test S"ite or 40' Type /
MEF -. 40' Type - 'mplementation Agreement
MEF -/ A!stract Test S"ite or 40' Type - Part / ,in$ %AM
MEF -- Mo!ile Bac$ha"l 'mplementation Agreement
MEF -B Class o Service Phase / 'mplementation Agreement
MEF -D A!stract Test S"ite or 40' Type - Part - E3,M'
MEF -6 A!stract Test S"ite or 40' Type - Part B Service %AM
MEF -C External 0et&or$ 0et&or$ 'nterace 8E00'9 Phase /
MEF -C2.2/ Amendment to MEF -C2 The Band&idth Proile Algorithm
MEF -I A!stract Test S"ite or 40' Type - Part 6: Enhanced 40' Attri!"tes # Part C: ,-CP :andling
MEF -< External 0et&or$ 0et&or$ 'nterace 8E00'9 S"pport or 40' T"nnel Access # +irt"al 40'
MEF -E Ethernet Services Constr"cts
MEF B. Service %AM Fa"lt Management 'mplementation Agreement
MEF B/ Service %AM Fa"lt Management Deinition o Managed %!*ects
MEF B- ;e1"irements or Service protection Across External 'nteraces
MEF BB Ethernet Access Services Deinition
MEF BD ATS or Ethernet Access Services
MEF B6
Service %AM Perormance Monitoring 'mplementation Agreement
MEF BC
Service %AM S0MP M'B or Perormance Monitoring
MEF BI
A!stract Test S"ite or E00'
MEF B<
Service %AM Fa"lt Management FA0@ Mod"les
MEF BE Service %AM Perormance Monitoring FA0@ Mod"le
Architect"re
MEF D: @eneric architect"re provides a !asis or oering services and

!"ilding o"t national=international net&or$s
&ervices
MEF C2/: Ethernet Services Deinitions G deines E3,ine) E,A0) and E3Tree
service types) and deines in detail EP,) E+P,) EP3,A0) E+P3,A0) EP3
Tree) and E+P3Tree services
MEF /.2-: Ethernet Service Attri!"tes G Phase - deines the $ey 40' and
E+C attri!"tes that can !e "sed to !"ild services2
A(stract %est &"ite for Ethernet &ervices
MEF E # MEF /D: orm the !asis or certiication o vendor e1"ipment and
service provider services
MEF >ey Speciications
&ervice Attri("tes &
#arameter :al"es
Per 40' Attri!"tes
Physical 'nteraces
Frame ormat
proiles

Processing
P-P E+C
40'
/ 40'
-
CE
CE
'ngress
40'
Egress
40'
Descri(e the service and
(ehavio"r of UNI & E:C
E+C Per 40' Attri!"tes
40'=E+C 'D
CE3+,A0 'D=E+C Mapping
proiles
Per E+C Attri!"tes
Type # 'D
40' ,ist
Service Frame Delivery r"les

Processing
E+C Perormance
E+C
Ethernet Flo&
Service Attri!"tes
Per 40' Attri!"tes
;elate to the physical interace
!et&een the 40'30 and 40'3C
Physical 'nteraces
Frame ormat
proiles

Processing
Attri!"tes that are independent o
the E+C at the 40' 8MEF9
P-P E+C
40'
/ 40'
-
CE
CE
'ngress
40'
Egress
40'
SCP%P/30odeB3Slot-3Port/
Any media compati!le &ith speed=mode
Max2 Service Frame Si5e 8Bytes9
Max2 n"m!er o E+Cs 40' s"pports
For "ntagged # priority tagged
Service Frames
Ta!le is ill"strative only
40' Service Attri!"tes
Physical ,ayer # Frame Format
Speed Mode
Physical
Medi"m
/. M!ps FDH
All Ethernet
physical
medi"m that is
compati!le &ith
speed # mode
/.. M!ps FDH
/.=/.. M!ps
A"to3
negotiation
FDH
/ @!ps FDH
/. @!ps FDH
Physical ,ayer
Frame Format
Any 40' &ith this attri!"te
set to Fes:
M"st s"pport m"ltiple E+Cs
A mix o P-P E+Cs and

MP-MP E+Cs may !e
conig"red at a 40'
Example ill"strates t&o P-P

E+Cs at the Service
M"ltiplexed 40'
implemented "sing one
physical port at the 40'
8rather than t&o separate
ports9
+,A03!ased Service
Point3to3Point E+Cs
UNI UNI
UNI
Service
M"ltiplexed
/@!ps
/..M!ps
/..M!ps
At a 40') the CE3+,A0

'D is "sed to identiy the
E+C to !e "sed or a
Service Frame
CE3+,A0 'Ds range

rom . G D.E6
. # D.E6 m"st not !e

assigned
A mapping ta!le
provides the CE3+,A0
'D to E+C resol"tion
Service Frames &ith an

<.-2/? tag m"st have CE3
+,A0 'D M +,A0 'D
4ntagged # priority tagged

8+,A0 'D M .9 Service Frames
m"st "se a designated
CE3+,A0 'D 8any /3D.ED9 or
mapping
CE3+,A0 'D E+C
DI /
/I -
CE3+,A0 'D
More than one CE3+,A0 'D

can map to a partic"lar E+C
'n this case:

m"st !e set
'n the !"ndled case) all

40's in the E+C m"st have
the same list o CE3+,A0
'Ds 8E+C /9
'n the 0on3!"ndled case)

the CE3+,A0 'D may !e
dierent at each 40' 8E+C
B9
40' A
40' B
40' C
E+C
/
E+C
-
E+C
B
B"ndling
40' cannot have

All 40's in the E+C

m"st have the All to
%ne B"ndling service
attri!"te set
All CE3+,A0 'Ds m"st

map to a single E+C
'n this case:
CE3+,A0 'D
Preservation m"st !e
set
All 40's in the E+C

m"st have the same list
o CE3+,A0 'Ds
All to %ne B"ndling
A method characterising
Service Frames to ena!le
;ate Enorcement or
policing
'ngress Band&idth Proile
;eg"lates the amo"nt o

ingress traic at a 40'
B models
Egress Band&idth Proile
;eg"lates the amo"nt o

egress traic at a 40'
B models
Parameters:
C';: Committed 'normation

;ate 8!ps9
CBS: Committed B"rst Si5e

8Bytes9
E';: Excess 'normation ;ate

8!ps9
EBS: Excess B"rst Si5e 8Bytes9
CF: Co"pling Flag 8val"e . or /9
CM: Colo"r Mode 8colo"r3!lind)

or colo"r a&are9
Band&idth Proiles) Types) # Parameters
C';: Committed
'normation ;ate
Frame delivery o!ligation

per S,A=S,S
C'; Q . !ps
CBS: Committed B"rst

Si5e
Si5e o !"rst &indo&
(hen C'; R .) CBS Q

largest MT4 si5e among
all o the E+Cs the B(P
applies to
E';: Excess
'normation ;ate
Excess rame delivery

allo&ed 8not s"!*ect to
S,A=S,S9
E'; Q .
EBS: Excess B"rst Si5e
(hen E'; R .) EBS Q

largest MT4 si5e
among all o the E+Cs
the B(P applies to
B(P Parameters
C';:
SF average rate S C';
C'; conormant
Colored @reen
delivered per service

perormance o!*ectives
SF average rate R C';
0ot C'; conormant
Colored Fello& i E'; is non 5ero)

discarded i E'; M .
C'; M .: service provides no B(

or perormance ass"rances or
delivery
C'; may !e speciied S 40'

speed
CBS:
Maxim"m n"m!er o !ytes

allo&ed or SF to still !e C';
conormant
CBS val"e speciied:
M"st !e a larger val"e or

!"rsty TCP3!ased data
May !e a smaller val"e or

4DP3!ased +o'P
applications
Eect o each B(P Parameter
E';:
SF average rate 8R C';9 S

E';
0ot C'; conormant
E'; conormant
Colored Fello&
delivered &itho"t service

perormance o!*ectives
SF average rate R E';
0ot E'; conormant
Discarded
E'; may !e speciied S 40'

speed
EBS:
Maxim"m n"m!er o !ytes

allo&ed or SF to still !e E';
conormant
EBS val"e speciied &ill

impact "pon the n"m!er o
Fello& Service Frames
allo&ed into the Service
ProviderAs net&or$
Eect o each B(P Parameter
40':
Physical interace M /..

M!ps
MT4 si5e M -... !ytes
/ E+C
B(P:
C'; M .K CBS M .
E'; M /.. M!ps
EBS Q -...
A !est eort service
8+al"e o EBS &ill determine

the n"m!er o Fello& rames
admitted into net&or$9
40':
Physical interace M /. M!ps
MT4 si5e M -... !ytes
/ E+C
B(P:
C'; M - M!psK
CBS M -6. >B
E'; M .K EBS M .
A g"aranteed !and&idth o -
M!ps
8non C'; conormant SFs

&ill !e discarded9
B(P Band&idth Examples
Co"pling Flag
Determines the vol"me o

Service Frames declared Fello&
Set to Tero:
,ong3term average !it rate o

is !o"nded !y E';
Set to %ne:
,ong3term average !it rate o

is !o"nded !y C';UE';
depending on the vol"me o
oered Service Frames
declared @reen
Colo"r Mode:
Colo"r Blind 8mandatory9 or
Colo"r A&are 8optional9
Colo"r Blind:
Colo"rs associated &ith

Service Frames are ignored
!y the B(P Algorithm
Colo"r A&are:
Each Service Frame already

has a colo"r # that colo"r is
"sed to determine the level o
compliance !y the B(P
Algorithm
Co"pling Flag # Colo"r Mode
Band&idth proiles deine each possi!le rate)
B Color mar$ing
Mar$ing is typically done at ingress
Areen9 For&ard rames
C'; conorming traic
Fello9 Discard Eligi!le rames
%ver C'; ) &ithin E';
4ed9 Discard rames
Exceeds E';
Band&idth Proile Algorithm
Service Frame Disposition
'ngress:
;ed: Discard
Fello&: Deliver to the Egress 40'

according to the Service Attri!"tes
o the service instance2 S,S
perormance o!*ectives do not apply
@reen=0ot Applied: Deliver to the

Egress 40' according to the service
attri!"tes o the service instance2
S,S perormance o!*ectives apply
Egress:
An Egress B(P descri!es arrival

times and lengths o Service Frames
that &ill !e o!served at the egress
40' &hen an Egress B(P is in
operation
' the algorithm is applied to service

rames delivered to the Egress 40')
the res"lt or each Service Frame
&ill !e to declare the Service Frame
either @reen or Fello&
All Service Frames that &o"ld !e

determined to !e ;ed &ill have !een
discarded !eore reaching the
Egress 40'
Proile M4ST !e
applied to all ingress
Service Frames at
the 40'
'ngress Service
Frames or the B
E+Cs &o"ld !e
s"!*ect to the
single 'ngress
B(P
40'
E+C
/
E+C
-
E+C
B
'ngress Band&idth
Proile Per 'ngress
40'
Port3!ased B(P
'ngress B(P per 'ngress 40'
A single 'ngress
B(P M4ST !e
applied to all ingress
Service Frames or
an instance o an
E+C at the 40'
' a 40' has B

E+Cs there co"ld
!e one 'ngress
B(P or each E+C
'ngress B(P per E+C
)W#
A single 'ngress B(P

M4ST !e applied to all
ingress Service Frames
&ith a speciic CoS 'D
B CoS 'Ds are

associated &ith E+C
/

each &ith a separate
'ngress B(P
'ngress B(P per CoS 'dentiier
)W#
A single Egress B(P

M4ST !e applied to the
se1"ence consisting o
all egress Service
Frames at the 40'
The Egress B(P per

Egress 40' manages
!and&idth non3
discriminately or all
E+Cs at the egress 40'
Egress B(P per Egress 40'
A single Egress
B(P is deined or
an E+C at the
Egress 40'
't M4ST !e applied

to the egress
Service Frames that
are mapped to the
E+C in 1"estion
Egress B(P per E+C
Egress B(P per CoS 'D
A single Egress B(P is deined or a

speciic CoS 'D that is deined at the egress
40'
't M4ST !e applied to the egress Service

Frames associated &ith the CoS 'D in
1"estion
CoS instance or a given Service Frame is

identiied !y a Class o Service 'dentiier 8CoS 'D9
Service Frames mapped to dierent E+Cs M4ST

have dierent CoS 'Ds
CoS 'Ds are !ased on:
E+C
PCP
DSCP
,-CP
Class o Service 'dentiiers
CoS 'Ds !ased on:
E+C: all ingress SFs mapped to the E+C S:A,, have the same
C%S 'D
PCP: CoS 'D or an ingress SF S:A,, !e determined !y the E+C #

non3overlapping sets o val"es o CE3+,A0 CoS2
' SF is "ntagged) it S:A,, have the same CoS 'D PCP M .2
4nion o the sets o CE3+,A0 CoS val"es M4ST contain all possi!le CE3
+,A0 CoS val"es
DSCP: CoS 'D or an ingress SF containing an 'P pac$et S:A,, !e

determined !y the E+C # non3overlapping sets o val"es o the
DSCP2
4nion o the sets o DSCP val"es M4ST contain all o the possi!le DSCP
val"es
All ingress SFs not containing an 'P pac$et # mapped to a given E+C S:A,,
have the same CoS 'D &ith a val"e m"t"ally agreed !y the c"stomer #
service provider
E1'ine &ervice
* Classes of &ervice
Co& determined via +53;6p Co& ID
Common type of &'A "sed ith Co&1
(ased I# :#Ns
Delay V 6ms
Witter M 0=S
,oss V .2./X
CIR > 0
E'; UNI Speed
4, 5
B"rsty mission critical data
applications re1"iring lo& loss
and delay 8e2g2) Storage9
Silver
.) /
, !
C) I
CoS 'D
C';M.
E';M40' speed
C'; R .
E'; UNI Speed
C'; R .
E'; M .
Band&idth Proile per
E+C per CoS 'D
Best eort service
B"rsty data applications re1"iring
!and&idth ass"rances
;eal3time 'P telephony or 'P
video applications
Service Characteristics
Delay M 0=S
Witter M 0=S
,oss M 0=S
Standard
Delay V /6ms
Witter M 0=S
,oss V .2/X
Bron5e
Delay V 6ms
Witter V /ms
,oss V .2../X
Premi"m
Service
Perormance
Service
Class
Example: CoS3!ased S,A
E+C per 40' Service Attri!"tes
P-P E+C
40'
/
40'
-
CE
CE
'ngress
40'
Egress
40'
Map sho&ing the E+C to &hich CE3+,A0 'Ds are associated
Traic Proile per E+C
Traic Proile per CoS
E+C per 40' attri!"tes

;elate to the interconnection !et&een
the 40'30 and the E+C
Attri!"tes associated &ith an E+C at a
40' 8MEF9
Example:
40' 'D:
Port / in Slot - o 0ode B o
Santa Clara P%P/
E+C 'D:
ACMEM Service Provider)
ME@AMA;TM C"stomer
40' E+C 'D:
Formed !y the
concatenation o the
40' 'D and the E+C 'D
'ntended or
management and
control p"rposes
E+C3.../<E<3ACME3ME@AMA;T
SCP%P/30odeB3Slot-3Port/
SCP%P/30odeB3Slot-3Port/3E+C3.../<E<3ACME3ME@AMA;T
40' E+C 'D
At each 40' there MU&% !e a

mapping o each CE3+,A0 'D to at
most one E+C
B"ndling can !e applied as ill"strated

in E+C/
' an ingress Service Frame arrives at

the 40' or &hich no entry exists in the
mapping ta!le) the rame m"st !e
discarded
The CE3+,A0 'D=E+C mapping or a

given E+C at a 40' MAF !e dierent
rom the mapping at another 40' in the
E+C2
(hen the CE3+,A0 'D Preservation

attri!"te applies to an E+C) the
mappings or the E+C are identical at
each 40') as is the case or E+C /)
other&ise the CE3+,A0 'D &ill not !e
preserved92
40' A
40' B
40' C
E+C
/
E+C
-
E+C
B
CE3+,A0 'D to E+C Mapping
' a per 40' 'ngress Band&idth

Proile is deined:
there cannot !e any other

'ngress Band&idth Proiles at
that 40'
' there is a per E+C 'ngress

Band&idth Proile on an E+C:
there cannot !e any per CoS

'ngress Band&idth Proiles or
instances o CoS on that E+C)
nor any per 40' 'ngress B(P
40'
E+C
/
E+C
-
E+C
B
'ngress Band&idth
Proile Per 'ngress
40'
Port3!ased
40'
E+C
/
E+C
-
E+C
B
'ngress Band&idth
Proile Per E+C
/
'ngress Band&idth
Proile Per E+C
-
'ngress Band&idth
Proile Per E+C
B
Port=+,A03!ased
40'
E+C
/
CE3+,A0 CoS C
'ngress Band&idth Proile Per CoS 'D C
CE3+,A0 CoS D
CE3+,A0 CoS -
'ngress Band&idth Proile Per CoS 'D D
'ngress Band&idth Proile Per CoS 'D -
E+C
-
Port=+,A0=CoS3!ased
'mpact o B(P at Per 40'=E+C per 40'
P-P E+C
40'
/ 40'
-
CE
CE
'ngress
40'
Egress
40'
Point3to3Point) M"ltipoint3to3M"ltipoint) ;ooted3M"ltipoint
Example: E+C3.../<E<3ACME3ME@AMA;T
,ist o pairs o 40's in the orm 40' 'D) 40' Type 8;oot or ,ea9
Discard or T"nnel
Discard: Service Frame is ,-CP
Deliver 4nconditionally
Deliver Conditionally: MAC address may need to !e $no&n to ME0
Fes or 0o: Fes or All to %ne B"ndling # or tagged Service Frames
Fes or 0o
Frame Delay) 'nter3Frame Delay +ariation) Frame ,oss ;atio) Availa!ility
E+C Service Attri!"tes
E+C 'D:
E+C M/<E<
ACMEM Service Provider
ME@AMA;TM C"stomer
40' ,ist:
,ist o pairs o:
40' 'D) 40' Type
%ne pair or each 40' in

the E+C
40' Type:
;oot or ,ea
;oot or P-P) MP-MP
E+C Type:
Point3to3Point
;ooted3M"ltipoint
Max2 0"m!er o 40's:
Speciies the
maxim"m n"m!er o
40's permissi!le in
the 40' ,ist
E+C3.../<E<3ACME3ME@AMA;T
Maxim"m Transmission 4nit Si5e:
Speciies the maxim"m Service Frame si5e 8in

Bytes9 allo&ed on the E+C
M"st !e speciied as Q/6--
Every 40' in the E+C m"st !e capa!le o

s"pporting this Service Frame si5e2
' an ingress Service Frame is greater than the E+C

MT4 si5e) the S,S or this rame &ill not apply to its
delivery perormance
The res"lt o a Band&idth Proile that applies to this

Service Frame is not deined
CE1:'AN ID
8G
E:C
)l"e
CE1:'AN ID
8G
E:C
)l"e
CE3+,A0 'D=E+C Map m"st !e identical at all 40's in the E+C and
Priority Tagged OinP m"st !e priority tagged Oo"tP 8+,A0 'D M .9
4ntagged OinP m"st !e "ntagged Oo"tP 8no <.-2/? tag9

CE3+,A0 CoS m"st !e the same at egress and ingress 40's in the
E+C
Carrier Ethernet
Netor!
UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
CE3+,A0 'D=CoS Preservation
Broadcast
Deliver to all 40's in the E+C except the ingress 40'
M"lticast
Typically delivered to some or all 40's in the E+C except the

ingress 40'
4nicast 8"nlearned and learned9
Flooded o"t to all 40's in the E+C i "nlearned &ith the exception o
the ingress 40'
Delivered to the 40' learned or the destination MAC address
,earning is important or M"ltipoint3to3M"ltipoint E+Cs
,ayer - Control 8e2g2) BPD4s9
Discard) peer) or t"nnel

Delivery o Service Frames
Discard9 discard all ingress ,-CP

Service Frames # m"st not generate
any egress Service Frames
#eer9 ME0 &ill act as a peer o the

CE or operation o ,- Control
Protocol
#ass to E:C9 Disposition o ,-

Control Protocol m"st !e determined
!y the E+C ,- Control Protocol
Processing attri!"te 8t"nnelled or
discarded9
#eer and #ass to E:C9 ME0 acts

as a peer2 'n addition ,-CP Service
Frames are passed to the E+C2
40' CE
E+C
,-CP
Discard
40' CE
E+C ,-CP
40' CE
E+C
,-CP
%"nnel or Discard??
40' CE
E+C
,-CP y
,-CP y
%"nnel or Discard??
,-CP ;e1"irements or EP, Service
Protocol MAC DA
,-CP ;e1"irement
Applica!ility
%ption / %ption -
STP=;STP=MSTP ./3<.3C-3..3..3.. M4ST T"nnel M4ST T"nnel All 40's in the E+C
PA4SE ./3<.3C-3..3..3./ S:%4,D Discard S:%4,D Discard All 40's in the E+C
,ACP=,AMP ./3<.3C-3..3..3.-
S:%4,D Peer or
Discard
S:%4,D T"nnel
%ption /: Per 40'
%ption -: All 40's in the E+C
,in$ %AM ./3<.3C-3..3..3.-
S:%4,D Peer or
Discard
S:%4,D T"nnel
%ption /: Per 40'
Port A"thentication ./3<.3C-3..3..3.B
S:%4,D peer or
Discard
S:%4,D T"nnel
%ption /: Per 40'
E3,M' ./3<.3C-3..3..3.I
S:%4,D Peer or
Discard
M4ST T"nnel
%ption /: Per 40'
,,DP ./3<.3C-3..3..3.E S:%4,D Discard M4ST T"nnel All 40's in the E+C
@A;P=M;P Bloc$
./3<.3C-3..3..3-.
thro"gh
./3<.3C-3..3..3-F
M4ST Discard or
T"nnel
M4ST T"nnel All 40's in the E+C
Protocol MAC DA ,-CP ;e1"irement Applica!ility
STP=;STP=MSTP ./3<.3C-3..3..3.. M4ST Peer or Discard All 40's in the E+C
PA4SE ./3<.3C-3..3..3./ M4ST Discard All 40's in the E+C
,ACP=,AMP ./3<.3C-3..3..3.- M4ST Peer or Discard Per 40'
,in$ %AM ./3<.3C-3..3..3.- M4ST Peer or Discard Per 40'
Port A"thentication ./3<.3C-3..3..3.B M4ST Peer or Discard Per 40'
E3,M' ./3<.3C-3..3..3.I M4ST Peer or Discard Per 40'
,,DP ./3<.3C-3..3..3.E M4ST Discard All 40's in the E+C
@A;P=M;P Bloc$
./3<.3C-3..3..3-.
thro"gh
./3<.3C-3..3..3-F
M4ST Peer) T"nnel) or
Discard
Per 40'
,-CP ;e1"irements or E+P, Service
STP=;STP=MSTP ./3<.3C-3..3..3..
S:%4,D T"nnel MAF
Discard
All 40's in the E+C
@A;P=M;P Bloc$
./3<.3C-3..3..3-.
thro"gh
./3<.3C-3..3..3-F
Discard
Per 40'
,-CP ;e1"irements or EP,A0 Service
@A;P=M;P Bloc$
./3<.3C-3..3..3-.
thro"gh
./3<.3C-3..3..3-F
Discard
Per 40'
,-CP ;e1"irements or E+P,A0 Service
STP=;STP=MSTP ./3<.3C-3..3..3..
S:%4,D T"nnel MAF
Discard
All 40's in the E+C
@A;P=M;P Bloc$
./3<.3C-3..3..3-.
thro"gh
./3<.3C-3..3..3-F
Discard
Per 40'
MEF C2/ Page B/ Footnote C: Since not all CEs in an E3Tree service &ill see all BPD4s) "ndesira!le !ehavio"r
can ens"e2 Service providers sho"ld !e care"l to &arn S"!scri!ers a!o"t attaching !ridges to s"ch a service
and expecting STP to &or$ properly2
,-CP ;e1"irements or EP3Tree Service
@A;P=M;P Bloc$
./3<.3C-3..3..3-.
thro"gh
./3<.3C-3..3..3-F
Discard
Per 40'
MEF C2/ Page B/ Footnote C: Since not all CEs in an E3Tree service &ill see all BPD4s) "ndesira!le !ehavio"r
can ens"e2 Service providers sho"ld !e care"l to &arn S"!scri!ers a!o"t attaching !ridges to s"ch a service
and expecting STP to &or$ properly2
,-CP ;e1"irements or E+P3Tree Service
E+C related Perormance Service Attri!"tes speciy the Service Frame delivery
perormance or a given CoS
Perormance service attri!"tes only apply to Service Frames determined to !e colored

Areen
Fo"r perormance attri!"tes are speciied in MEF /.2-
Frame Delay Perormance
'nter3Frame Delay +ariation Perormance
Frame ,oss ;atio Perormance
Availa!ility Perormance
+al"es or Frame Delay) 'nter3Frame Delay +ariation) and Frame ,oss ;atio M4ST 0%T !e
"sed to determine Service Frame delivery compliance d"ring periods o "navaila!le time
Example) ill"strative target val"es: FD V /.msK 'FD+ V Bms K F,; V .2./XK Availa!ility V EE2EX
E+C Perormance Attri!"tes
EP, Service Attri!"tes
40' Service Attri!"te

parameters # val"es
or EP, service
P-P E+C
40'
/ 40'
-
CE
CE
'ngress
40'
Egress
40'
P-P E+C
40'
/ 40'
-
CE
CE
'ngress
40'
Egress
40'
EP, Service Attri!"tes
+,A03!ased Service
Point3to3Point E+Cs
UNI UNI
UNI
Service
M"ltiplexed
E+P, Service Attri!"tes
+,A03!ased Service
Point3to3Point E+Cs
UNI UNI
UNI
Service
M"ltiplexed
E+P, Service Attri!"tes
Service
M"ltiplexed
'SP
P%P
40' /
40' -
40' B
E+C /
E+C -
/.. M!ps
/.. M!ps
/ @!ps
T&o dedicated 'nternet Access connections to an 'SP P%P
%ver separate E3,ine service connections
'ngress Band&idth Proile at 40' / # -:
C'; M 6. M!psK CBS M - MB
E'; M /.. M!psK EBS M D MB
'ngress Band&idth Proile at 40' B:
C'; M 6.. M!psK CBS M -. MB
E'; M / @!psK EBS M D. MB
Frame Delay: V B. ms
Frame Delay +ariation: not speciied
Frame ,oss ;atio: V .2/X
Descri(e the service attri("te parameter
settin$s that o"ld (e re-"ired for this
&ervice
Service Attri!"te Example
M"ltipoint3to3M"ltipoint E+Cs
UNI UNI
UNI
UNI UNI
UNI
UNI UNI
UNI
Service
M"ltiplexed
UNI UNI
UNI
Service
M"ltiplexed
MP-MP
E+C
40' /
40'
B
40' D
40'
-
CE0
Each siteAs 40' s"pports:
For all 40's) 'ngress B(P:
C'; M 6 M!psK CBS M -6C >B
E'; M /. M!psK EBS M 6/- >B
,-CP:
Process <.-2B MAC control rames
Process ,ACP
Process <.-2/ x Port A"thentication
Pass to E+C @A;P
Pass to E+C STP
Pass to E+C any m"lticast rames
Single CoS 'D:
Frame Delay M V B. ms
Frame ,oss ;atio M V .2/X
Descri(e the service attri("te parameter
%ransparent 'AN &ervice
Service Attri!"te Example
%perator Service Attri!"tes

descri!e the possi!le !ehavio"r
seen !y the Service Provider
external to the %perator ME0 at
and !et&een the external
interaces
External 'nteraces are:
40' # E00'
E00' Service Attri!"tes
%+C Service Attri!"tes
%+C End Point per E00'

Service Attri!"tes
%+C per 40' Service Attri!"tes

ENNI
UNI A
UNI )
a
!
c
e d
%+C
%perator
ME0
%perator Service Attri!"tes
E00' is the demarcation

!et&een t&o %perator ME0s
For each E00' instance:
Each %perator has a set o E00'

Service Attri!"tes
Some o these attri!"te val"es

&ill !e $no&n to the Service
Provider
Some attri!"tes o one %perator

may not !e $no&n to the other
%perator
Attri!"te 0ame Parameters=+al"es
%perator E00' 'D
String "ni1"e across the
%perator ME0
Physical ,ayer P:F or /@!ps or /.@!ps
Frame Format E00' Frames
0o2 o ,in$s / or -
Protection Mechanism
,in$ Aggregation) none)
other
E00' MT4 Q/6-C
End Point Map
Ta!le: S3+,A0 'D) End
Point 'D) End Point Type
Max2 0o2 %+Cs Q/
Max2 0o2 %+C End
Points per %+C
Q/
%perator
A
E00'
0/
%perator
B
E00'
0-
E00'
Egress E00' Frame
'ngress E00' Frame
E00' Frames are exchanged across the E00'
E00' Frame transmitted onto E00' rom E00'30/ is an egress

rame
E00' Frame received rom E00' at E00'30- is an ingress rame
S"pported E00' Frame Formats:
4ntagged
Single S3Tag 8TP'DM.x<<A<9
Single S3Tag8TP'DM.x<<A<9 ollo&ed !y single C3Tag 8TP'DM.x</..9

%perator
A
E00'
0/
%perator
B
E00'
0-
E00'
Egress E00' Frame
'ngress E00' Frame
S3Tag: Service Provider Tag
C3Tag: C"stomer Tag
E00' Frame
Physical ,ayer: @iga!it # /.@iga!it Ethernet 'EEE <.-2B G -..6
Standardised protection: ,in$ aggregation) one lin$ active) one lin$ as

!ac$"p
%ther protection: !y m"t"al agreement
MT4 Si5e:

Service Provider /
CE
CE
UNI
UNI
Customer Site
ENNI
ENNI
UNI
UNI
CE
CE
Service Provider -
Customer Site
E00' Physical 'nterace
Physical ,ayer: @iga!it # /.@iga!it Ethernet 'EEE <.-2B

G -..6
,in$ aggregation) one lin$ active) one lin$ as !ac$"p
Protection) !y m"t"al agreement
MT4 Si5e:

E00' Physical 'nterace
Speciies ho& each S3Tagged E00' Frame

is associated &ith an %+C End Point in an
%perator ME0
The map applies to !oth ingress and egress

S3Tagged E00' Frames
S3+,A0 'D val"e End Point 'dentiier End Point Type
/6<
@otham CentralJ/-3
/--D
%+C End Point
/CC
@otham CentralJ/-3
/--D
%+C End Point
/<E
@otham CentralJ/-3
/6<E
%+C End Point
E00' End Point Map
For a given S3Tagged E00' Frame) the End Point to &hich it is mapped
M4ST !e determined !y the S3+,A0 'D val"e in the S3Tag
An S3+,A0 'D val"e M4ST !e "sed in no more than one ro& o the map
The End Point Type M4ST !e %+C End Point
An ingress S3Tagged E00' Frame that is not mapped to an existing End

Point M4ST 0%T !e or&arded to an External 'nterace !y the receiving
%perator ME0
An E00' Frame &itho"t an S3Tag M4ST 0%T !e mapped to an %+C

End Point
E00' End Point Map ;e1"irements
(hen m"ltiple S3+,A0 'D val"es map to a single %+C

End Point in the End Point Map
Any %+C that associates an %+C End Point or &hich the

!"ndling applies:
:as to have S3+,A0 'D Preservation M Fes
Cannot have :airpin S&itching
M"st have its CE3+,A0 'D Preservation M Fes
M"st have its CE3+,A0 CoS Preservation M Fes
Can only associate %+C End Points that are at exactly t&o E00's
Each End Point Map at the other E00's &here there is an %+C
End Point associated !y this %+C m"st map the same list o S3
+,A0 'D val"es to the %+C End Point associated !y the %+C
End Point Map B"ndling
Example: End Point Map B"ndling
Service attri!"tes or each

instance o an %+C End
Point at a given E00'
%+C End Point 'D
String "ni1"e across the
%perator ME0
CoS 'Ds
The %+C associating the
End Point # non3
overlapping sets o S3
Tag Priority Code Point
'ngress Band&idth
Proile per %+C End
Point
0o) or !and&idth
parameters C';) CBS)
E';) EBS) etc2
'ngress Band&idth
Proile per E00' CoS 'D
0o) or !and&idth
E';) EBS) etc2
per End Point
0o) or !and&idth
E';) EBS) etc2
per E00' CoS 'D
0o) or !and&idth
E';) EBS) etc2
ENNI
UNI A
UNI )
a
!
c
e d

%+C End Point per E00' Service Attri!"tes
'ngress B(P:
's "sed to reg"late the

amo"nt o ingress traic
at a partic"lar E00'
T&o 'ngress Band&idth

Proiles:
'ngress B(P per %+C

End Point
'ngress B(P per CoS

'D
Egress B(P:
's "sed to reg"late the

amo"nt o egress traic at
a partic"lar E00'
T&o Egress Band&idth

Proiles:
Egress B(P per %+C

End Point
Egress B(P per CoS

'D
Band&idth Proiles at E00'
'ngress B(P per %+C End Point
(hen in orce or a given %+C EP:
s"ita!le parameters M4ST !e speciied
C';) CBS) E';) EBS) CF) CM
The Band&idth Proile Algorithm M4ST !e

applied to all ingress E00' Frames that are
mapped to the given %+C EP
Color Mode or the Band&idth Proile

Algorithm M4ST !e color3a&are
(hen in orce or a given E00' CoS 'D:
The Band&idth Proile Algorithm M4ST !e

applied to all ingress E00' Frames that are
mapped to the %+C EP that have the given
E00' CoS 'D
Color Mode or the Band&idth Proile

Algorithm M4ST !e color3a&are
'ngress B(P per CoS 'D
(hen in orce or a given %+C EP:
All egress E00' Frames mapped to the given

%+C End point M4ST have the property:
(hen a se1"ence o egress E00' Frames &ith arrival

times and lengths at the E00') the res"lt o applying the
algorithm to these rames M4ST !e to declare each
E00' Frame either @reen or Fello&
Color Mode or the Band&idth Proile Algorithm

M4ST !e color3a&are
Egress B(P per %+C End Point
(hen in orce or a given E00' CoS 'D:
(hen the Band&idth Proile Algorithm is

applied to these egress E00' Frames) the
res"lt or each Service Frame M4ST !e to
declare the Service Frame either @reen or
Fello&
Color Mode or the Band&idth Proile Algorithm

M4ST !e color3a&are
Egress B(P per CoS 'D
'ngress B(P Compliance E00' Frame Disposition
;ed Discard
Fello&
Deliver to the egress External 'nterace according to the Service
Attri!"tes o the %+C associating the %+C End Point to &hich the
rame is mapped) !"t S,S perormance o!*ectives do not apply2
@reen
Deliver to the egress External 'nterace according to the Service
Attri!"tes o the %+C associating the %+C End Point to &hich the
rame is mapped) and S,S perormance o!*ectives do apply2 0ot Applied
E00' Frame Disposition
A Class o Service 'dentiier 8CoS 'D9 is a set o one or

more S3Tag PCP val"es
Each CoS 'D indicates a single CoS instance
The CoS that applies to an ingress S3Tagged E00' Frame

that is mapped to the %+C End Point is the CoS identiied
!y the CoS 'D speciied in the S3Tag PCP val"e o the
rame
(hen m"ltiple S3+,A0 'D val"es are mapped to the same

%+C End Point) the CoS 'D or each ingress S3Tagged
E00' Frame mapped to the given %+C End Point is
independent o the S3+,A0 'D val"e in the E00' Frame
For each %+C End Point at an E00') each

possi!le S3Tag PCP val"e M4ST !e incl"ded in
exactly one CoS 'D
%ne o the CoS 'Ds MAF indicate /..X discard
At a given E00') all %+C End Points associated

!y the same %+C M4ST have the same CoS 'Ds
An %perator ME0=CE0 S:%4,D s"pport the "se

o dierent CoS 'Ds attri!"tes or %+C End Points
at an E00' that are associated !y dierent %+Cs
E00' CoS ;e1"irements
An egress E00' Frame does not speciy a CoS

'D or the %perator ME0=CE0 rom &hich it is
!eing transmitted
The S3Tag PCP val"e or an egress E00' Frame

indicates the CoS 'D or the rame &ith respect
to the %perator ME0=CE0 that is receiving it
't is the responsi!ility o the egress %perator

ME0 to set the appropriate S3Tag PCP val"e
s"ch that the rame is given the appropriate CoS
!y the receiving %perator ME02
CoS 'Ds or Egress E00' Frames
Per 40' Attri!"tes
Physical 'nteraces
Frame ormat
'ngress=egress !and&idth proiles

ENNI
UNI A
UNI )
a
!
c
e d
'll"strative only: act"al conig"ration &ill !e dependent on speciic service


instance o an %+C at a
given 40'
E1"ivalent to %+C End Point

per 40') since only one %+C
End Point can !e associated
&ith an %+C at a 40'
40' %+C 'D
String: concatenation o
40' 'D # %+C 'D
%+C End Point Map
,ist o one or more CE3
+,A0 'D val"es
CoS 'Ds
0on3overlapping sets o
val"es o C3Tag PCP
val"es or DSCP val"es
'ngress Band&idth
Proile per %+C End
Point at a 40'
0o or parameter val"es
or C';) CBS) E';) EBS)
etc2
'ngress Band&idth
Proile per CoS 'D at a
40'
etc2
per %+C End Point at a
40'
etc2
per CoS 'D at a 40'
etc2
ENNI
UNI A
UNI )
a
!
c
e d


instance o an %+C
Descri!es the re1"irements

o the service and speciies
perormance in accordance
&ith a Service ,evel
Agreement
ENNI
UNI A
UNI )
a
!
c
e d

%+C Service Attri!"tes
%+C CE3+,A0 'D

Preservation is "sed
to achieve E+C CE3
+,A0 'D Preservation
Allo&s the CE3+,A0

'D val"e o the 40'
Service Frame to !e
derived rom the
E00' Frame # vice
versa
CE3+,A0 'Ds need
to !e preserved
CE3+,A0 'Ds need
to !e preserved
CE3+,A0 'Ds need
to !e preserved
(hen an %+C has CE3+,A0 'D Preservation M Fes and all o the 40's
&ith an %+C End Point associated !y the %+C are s"ch that all CE3
+,A0 'Ds map to the %+C at all o the 40's associated !y the %+C
'ngress
'nterace
'ngress Frame
Format
Egress
'nterace
Egress Frame Format
40' 4ntagged 40' 4ntagged
40' 4ntagged E00' S3Tag only
40' C3Tagged 40'
C3Tagged &ith +,A0 'D val"e e1"al to that o
ingress Service Frame at the 40'
40' C3Tagged E00'
S3Tag # C3Tag &ith the +,A0 'D val"e in the C3Tag
e1"al to the +,A0 'D val"e in the C3Tag at the 40'
E00' S3Tag # C3Tag 40'
C3Tagged &ith the +,A0 'D val"e o the C3Tag
e1"al to that o the +,A0 'D val"e in the C3Tag o
the ingress rame at the E00'
E00' S3Tag only 40' 4ntagged
E00' S3Tag # C3Tag E00'
e1"al to the +,A0 'D val"e in the C3Tag at the
ingress E00'
E00' S3Tag only E00' S3Tag only
%+C CE3+,A0 'D Preservation: Case A
(hen an %+C has CE3+,A0 'D Preservation M Fes and not all CE3
+,A0 'Ds map to the %+C at all o the 40's associated !y the %+C
'ngress
'nterace
'ngress Frame
Format
Egress
'nterace
Egress Frame Format
40'
C3Tagged &ith
+,A0 'D val"e in
the range /22D.ED
40'
C3Tagged &ith +,A0 'D val"e e1"al to that o the
ingress Service Frame at the 40'
40'
C3Tagged &ith
+,A0 'D val"e in
the range /22D.ED
E00'
S3Tag # C3Tag &ith the +,A0 'D in the C3Tag e1"al
to the +,A0 'D val"e in the C3Tag at the 40'
E00'
S3Tag # C3Tag &ith
+,A0 'D val"e in
the C3Tag in the
range / 22 D.ED
40'
Tagged &ith the +,A0 'D val"e o the C3Tag e1"al
to that o the C3Tag o the ingress rame at the E00'
E00'
S3Tag # C3Tag &ith
+,A0 'D val"e in
the C3Tag in the
range / 22 D.ED
E00'
ingress E00'
%+C CE3+,A0 'D Preservation: Case B
(hen an %+C has CE3+,A0 'D Preservation M Fes and none o the
End Points associated !y the %+C are at 40's
'ngress Frame
Format
Egress Frame Format
S3Tag # C3Tag
ingress E00'
S3Tag only S3Tag only
%+C CE3+,A0 'D Preservation: Case C
%+C CE3+,A0 CoS Preservation is "sed to achieve

E+C CE3+,A0 CoS Preservation
'ngress
'nterace
'ngress Frame
Format
Egress
'nterace
Egress Frame Format
40' C3Tagged 40'
C3Tagged &ith PCP e1"al to that o the ingress
Service Frame
40' C3Tagged E00'
S3Tag # C3Tag &ith the PCP val"e in the C3Tag
e1"al to the PCP val"e in the C3Tag at the 40'
E00' S3Tag # C3Tag 40'
C3Tagged &ith the PCP val"e o the tag e1"al to
that o the C3Tag o the ingress rame at the E00'
E00' S3Tag # C3Tag E00'
S3Tag # C3Tag &ith the PCP val"e in the C3Tag
e1"al to the PCP val"e in the C3Tag o the ingress
rame at the ingress E00'
S3+,A0 'D Preservation

descri!es a relationship
!et&een the S3+,A0 'D
val"e o a rame at one
E00' and the S3+,A0 'D
val"e o the corresponding
rame at another E00'
s"pported !y the %perator
ME0 &here each E00'
has an %+C End Point that
is associated !y the %+C
(hen an %+C has S3+,A0 'D

Preservation M Fes it M4ST associate at
most one %+C End Point located at a
given E00'
(hen an %+C has S3+,A0 'D

Preservation M 0o) an egress E00' Frame
mapped to an %+C EP res"lting rom an
ingress E00' Frame mapped to a dierent
%+C EP M4ST have an S3+,A0 'D val"e
that has a one3to3one association &ith the
S3+,A0 'D o the ingress service rame
S3+,A0 'D Preservation
E00' E00'
%+C
EP C
%+C
EP I
S3+,A0 CoS Preservation
Descri!es a relationship !et&een the S3+,A0 PCP val"e

o a rame at one E00' and the S3+,A0 PCP o the
corresponding rame at another E00' s"pported !y the
%perator ME0 &here each E00' has an %+C EP that is
associated !y the %+C
(hen an %+C has S3+,A0 CoS Preservation M Fes
an egress E00' Frame at an E00' res"lting rom an

ingress E00' Frame at a dierent E00' M4ST have
an S3+,A0 PCP val"e identical to the S3+,A0 PCP
val"e o the ingress E00' Frame
Descri!es the relationship !et&een the color o an

ingress rame into the %perator net&or$ # the color
o the res"lting egress E00' Frame
(hen the Color For&arding attri!"te is Fes
Each egress E00' Frame mapped to an %+C EP that

is associated !y the %+C M4ST !e mar$ed Fello& i
the corresponding ingress rame into the %perator
ME0 satisies one or more criteria 8detailed on next
slide9
The %+C cannot OpromoteP a rame rom Fello& to

@reen
Color For&arding
'ngress rame &as a Service Frame declared Fello& !y an 'ngress B(P # the
Service Frame &as mapped to an %+C EP at the 40' associated !y the %+C
'ngress rame &as a Service Frame &ith a rame header indicating Fello&
8MEF -B9 # the Service Frame &as mapped to an %+C EP at the 40'
'ngress rame &as an E00' Frame declared Fello& !y an 'ngress B(P # the
E00' Frame &as mapped to an %+C EP at the E00' associated !y the %+C
'ngress rame &as an E00' Frame &ith a rame header indicating Fello&
8MEF -B9 # the E00' Frame &as mapped to an %+C EP at the E00'
Color For&arding Criteria
(hen an %+C associates - or

more End Points at a given
E00') :airpin S&itching is
possi!le
:airpin S&itching occ"rs &hen

an ingress S3tagged E00'
Frame at a given E00' res"lts in
an egress S3tagged E00' Frame
&ith a dierent S3+,A0 'D at the
given E00'
:airpin S&itching cannot !e

applied at a 40'
Steps m"st !e ta$en to prevent

data loops across the E00'
%perator
ME0 A
%perator
ME0 B
40' B
BB
3538 )6
653+ )3
A/ B/
A-
40' A!
40' Aa
AB
AD
B-
3538 A6
653+ A3
&ervice #rovider :ie
A End #oint Map
) End #oint Map
>airpin &itched 0:Cs
'ngress
Egress
:airpin S&itching
40' /
40' -
40' B
40' D
Single MP-MP
E+C
At each site) all CE3+,A0 'Ds
m"st map to the same E+C
40' / and - are served !y dierent %perators 8A # B9
40' B and D are served !y the same %perator 8C9
A o"rth %perator net&or$ connects %perator net&or$ A and C
Service Attri!"tes: EP,A0 Example
(or$ed example s"mmarising the 40' # E00' attri!"tes and concepts over next I slides
%perator Service Attri!"tes val"es that instantiate the EP,A0 "sing o"r %perator ME0s
Service Attri!"tes: EP,A0 Example
40' Service Attri!"te Parameter=+al"e
40' 'D 40' / 40' - 40' B 40' D
Physical Medi"m
Speed
Mode
MAC ,ayer
40' MT4 Si5e
Service M"ltiplexing 0o 0o 0o 0o
B"ndling 0o 0o 0o 0o
All to %ne B"ndling Fes Fes Fes Fes
CE3+,A0 'D or
4ntagged=Priority
tagged Frames
All "ntagged=priority
rames m"st map to
same CE3+,A0 'D
rames m"st map to
same CE3+,A0 'D
rames m"st map to
same CE3+,A0 'D
rames m"st map to
same CE3+,A0 'D
Max2 E+Cs / / / /
'ngress B(P per 40' 0=S 0=S 0=S 0=S
Egress B(P per 40'
0=S
0=S 0=S 0=S
,-CP Processing
40'
Service Attri!"tes
%+C per 40' Service
Attri!"te
Parameter=+al"e
40' %+C 'D 40' / G %+C A/ 40' - G %+C B/ 40' B G %+C C/ 40' D G %+C C/
%+C End Point Map All to %+C EP / All to %+C EP 6 All to %+C EP /. All to %+C EP /C
CoS 'Ds 6K DK . 6K DK . 6K DK . 6K DK .
'ngress B(P per %+C
End Point at a 40'
0=S 0=S 0=S 0=S
'ngress B(P per CoS
'D at a 40'
0=S 0=S 0=S 0=S
Egress B(P per %+C
End Point at a 40'
0=S 0=S 0=S 0=S
Egress B(P per CoS
'D at a 40'
0=S 0=S 0=S 0=S
E00' Service
Attri!"tes
Parameter=+al"e
%perator E00'
'D
A / A - B / C / D / D -
Physical layer /.@BASE3S; /.@BASE3S; /.@BASE3S; /.@BASE3S; /.@BASE3S; /.@BASE3S;
Frame Format 'EEE <.-2/ad 'EEE <.-2/ad 'EEE <.-2/ad 'EEE <.-2/ad 'EEE <.-2/ad 'EEE <.-2/ad
0o2 o ,in$s - - - - - -
Protection
Mechanism
,A@ ,A@ ,A@ ,A@ ,A@ ,A@
E00' MT4 -... Bytes -... Bytes -... Bytes -... Bytes -... Bytes -... Bytes
End Point Map
S3+'D=% P=Type
//D=B=%+C
S3+'D=% P=Type
/.-B=C=%+C
S3+'D=% P=Type
//D=D=%+C
S3+'D=% P=Type
-.-B=E=%+C
S3+'D=% P=Type
/.-B=I=%+C
S3+'D=% P=Type
-.-B=<=%+C
Max2 0o2 o
%+Cs
/ / / / / /
Max2 0o2 %+C
End Points per
%+C
/ / / / / /
%+C End Point
per E00'
Service Attri!"te
Parameter=+al"e
%+C End Point
'D
A / 3 B A - 3 C B / 3 D C / 3 E D / 3 I D - 3 <
CoS 'Ds
'ngress B(P
per %+C End
Point
0=S 0=S 0=S 0=S 0=S 0=S
'ngress B(P
per E00' CoS
'D
0=S 0=S 0=S 0=S 0=S 0=S
Egress B(P per
%+C End Point
0=S 0=S 0=S 0=S 0=S 0=S
Egress B(P per
E00' CoS 'D
0=S 0=S 0=S 0=S 0=S 0=S
%+C End Point per E00' Service Attri!"tes
%+C
Service
Attri!"tes
%+C Service
Attri!"tes
Parameter=+al"e
%+C 'D %+C A/ %+C B/ %+C C/ %+C D/
%+C Type MP-MP P-P MP-MP P-P
%+C End Point ,ist A/ BK A- CK 40' /3/ B/ DK 40' -3D
C/ EK 40' B3/.K
40' D3/C
D/ IK D- <
Max2 0o2 40' %+C
End Points
/ / - .
Max2 0o2 E00' %+C
End Points
- / / -
%+C MT4 -... -... -... -...
CE3+,A0 'D
Preservation
Fes Fes Fes Fes
CE3+,A0 CoS
Preservation
Fes Fes Fes Fes
S3+,A0 'D
Preservation
0o 0o 0o 0o
S3+,A0 CoS
Preservation
0o 0o 0o 0o
Color For&arding Fes Fes Fes Fes
Service ,evel Spec2
4nicast Service
Frame Delivery
Deliver
4nconditionally
Deliver
4nconditionally
Deliver
4nconditionally
Deliver
4nconditionally
M"lticast Service
Frame Delivery
Deliver
4nconditionally
Deliver
4nconditionally
Deliver
4nconditionally
Deliver
4nconditionally
Broadcast Service
Frame Delivery
Deliver
4nconditionally
Deliver
4nconditionally
Deliver
4nconditionally
Deliver
4nconditionally
Service ,evel Agreements
A &ervice 'evel A$reement is an a$reement .contract/ (eteen9
&ervice #rovider and C"stomer for a specific service .Carrier Ethernet/
It defines
The d"ration and time o operation o the agreement
(hat the terms and responsi!ilities o each party &ill !e
(hat the service attri!"te val"es &ill !e or the service
(hat levels &ill !e accepta!le and &hat &ill not
(hat actions &ill !e ta$e i the terms o the agreement are !reached
S,A
MEF9
%he contract (eteen the &"(scri(er and &ervice provider
specifyin$ the a$reed to service level commitments
and related ("siness a$reements
Service ,evel Agreements
Many Enterprise c"stomers ill not "se Carrier Ethernet services "nless9
There are S,As &ith perormance ass"rances
There is availa!ility o service to all critical locations

Critical &'A &ervice Attri("tes
Band&idth Proile
Service Perormance
Enterprise c"stomers re-"ire Co&1(ased &'As ith service performance
ass"rances
A Service ,evel Speciication is the technical speciication o the

service level !eing oered !y the Service provider to the
S"!scri!er
't deines:
Service attri!"tes or the service
?"ality o Service
Class o Service
Availa!ility
Protection
S,A
S,S
S,S
S,S
S,S
S,S
S,S
S,S
S,S
Service ,evel Speciication
E:CC0:C &ervice Attri("tes
Details regarding the E+C=%+C incl"de:

?oS Assignment and Tagging options
Band&idth proiles
Perormance
Frame Delay
'nter3Frame Delay +ariation
Frame3loss) etc2
Service Attri!"tes
%he <o& is defined from the service attri("tes
%hese can (e listed as
Band&idth
%ne3&ay Frame Delay Perormance
%ne3&ay Frame Delay ;ange Perormance
%ne3&ay Mean Frame Delay Perormance
'nter3Frame Delay +ariation Perormance
%ne3&ay Frame ,oss ;atio Perormance
%he <o& may (e indicated (y a Class of &ervice Identifier
This may incl"de the indication o

+,A0 preservation
,evel o Protection
,evel o Sec"rity
?"ality o Service
Are deined or the S,S=S,A
Frame Delay
Frame ,oss ;atio
These o!*ectives are only meas"red or

conormance to the speciication on the
!asis o conorming traic lo&s
%nly green rame co"nt

These perormance o!*ectives and their service attri!"tes are examined in the Service %AM Chapter
Service Perormance %!*ectives
Service Parameters to Deine Dierentiated Ethernet Services S,A
Ethernet
Service
Type
Ethernet
Service
Attri!"tes
Ethernet
Service
Attri!"te
Parameters
E3,ine
E3,A0
E3T;EE
Physical Medi"m

Band&idth

Perormance

CoS 'dentiiers

Service Frame Delivery

+,A0 Tag


Service B"ndling
Sec"rity
Speed) Mode) MAC ,ayer
C';) CBS) E';) EBS
Availa!ility) ,oss) Witter) Delay
Port) <.-2/P) Diserv='P T%S
4nicast) M"lticast) Broadcast
Tagged) 4ntagged) T=4 mixed
M"ltiple E+CAs per 40'
M"ltiple +,A0As per E+C
MAC Address sec"rity
Dierentiated Ethernet Services S,A
&ervices pass thro"$h three phases
%rdering
Provisioning
Service Ass"rance
&ervice ass"rance is the operation and mana$ement of &'As
't implies management and control o the service in operation

Service Ass"rance
MEF Certification
Man"act"rer:
Carrier Ethernet e1"ipment
s"pplied to Service Providers
Service Provider:
Service Provider Carrier
Ethernet services to provide
c"stomer ass"rance
Acceleration of deployment of Carrier Ethernet in the
Access, MAN, & WAN
MEF Certiication Programme
The MEF Certiication Program
An important part o the MEFAs mission to accelerate the

deployment o Carrier Ethernet in the Access) MA0 # (A0
Man"act"rer and Service Provider Certiication
Certiication or Carrier Ethernet e1"ipment s"pplied to service

providers
Certiication o service provider services to ass"re c"stomers

that the services they are "sing are Carrier Ethernet services
compliant &ith MEF speciications
C"rrent Certiication Program Comprises
Service certiication to MEF E or e1"ipment man"act"rers and

service providers
Traic management and service perormance certiication to

MEF /D or e1"ipment man"act"rers and service providers
Circ"it Em"lation Services over Ethernet to MEF /< or

e1"ipment man"act"rers
Approved Certiication ,a!
MEF does not cond"ct certiication directly
Certiication is via MEF approved la!: 'ometrix 'nc2

Accelerating Adoption o Carrier Ethernet
Designed or e1"ipment vendors
Certiication ens"res prod"cts # sol"tions

conorm to MEF glo!al Carrier Ethernet
speciications
Testing is carried o"t !y an independent

MEF Certiication ,a! 8'ometrix9
D principal e1"ipment certiications
MEF E) /D) /< and -/

MEF E1"ipment Certiication
(hat is Certiied
MEF @
E#', E:#', E1'AN &ervice F"nctionality
-DD Test Cases:
Ethernet Physical 'nterace
Physical Medi"m) Speed) Mode) MAC

,ayer
40' Attri!"tes
Service M"ltiplexing) B"ndling) All to

%ne B"ndling
4nicast) M"lticast) Broadcast) ,-CP

Processing
+,A0 Tag S"pport
CE3+,A0 'D) CE3+,A0 CoS) CE3

+,A0 'D # CoS Preservation)
Mapping +,A0 'Ds
MEF 6*
E#', E:#', E1'AN &ervice #erformance
/I. Test Cases:
Service Perormance
Frame Delay) Frame Delay

+ariation) Frame ,oss ;atio
Band&idth Proiles
Per 'ngress 40') per E+C) per CoS
Band&idth Proile ;ate

Enorcement
C';) CBS
E'; EBS
Man"act"rer Certiication Program
MEF 6+
%DM over Ethernet
BBD Test Cases:
Framing
Em"lated Circ"it 'dentiier 8EC'D9)

Control &ord) ;TP :eader
Em"lation # Encaps"lation
Str"ct"re Agnostic Em"lation)

Str"ct"re A&are Em"lation
Synchronisation
Adaptive Cloc$ ;ecovery 8'T43T

@2<-C/9) Traic 'nterace Mas$s
8'T43T @2<-B # @2<-D9
MEF 36
UNI %ype 3 H 'in! 0AM
BI/ Test Cases:
%AM Discovery Process
Active Mode) Passive Mode
%AM PD4s
'normation) Events 0otiication)

+aria!le ;e1"est # ;esponse)
,oop!ac$ Control) %rganisation
Speciic
%AM T,+s
'normation) ,in$ Event

Planned certiications are MEF -D 8E3,M'9) MEF -6 8Service %AM9) MEF -I 8Enhanced 40' Attri!"tes # ,-CP :andling9
(hat is Certiied
Man"act"rer Certiication Program
Test plans) conig"ration g"ides and engineering s"pport are

made availa!le !y 'ometrix to vendors at all stages o preparation
or testing
Testing ta$es place at:
'ometrix ,a! located in San Francisco) Caliornia
+endorAs premises 8special arrangement9
Tests are sched"led a month in advance or a one3&ee$ period
At m"t"ally agreed dates
+endors sho"ld provide on3site engineering s"pport
To conig"re e1"ipment
;esolve exceptions d"ring testing
+endors m"st deliver all components to !e tested
'ometrix s"pplies all test e1"ipment # sot&are

E1"ipment Certiication Testing Process
Many !eneits are gained !y e1"ipment

vendors rom MEF Certiication:
Prod"ct compliance ass"red to MEF standards
;ed"ces testing costs # time to mar$et
'ncreases mar$et presence # recognition
'ncreases !"yer conidence
;einorces prod"ct la"nches
S"pports responses to c"stomer ;e1"est For

Proposals 8;FPs9
Beneits o Certiication to +endor
Designed or Service Providers
Certiication ens"res Carrier Ethernet services

conorm to MEF speciications
'ndependent) streamlined testing process
MEF E # MEF /D veriy conormance o:
Ethernet Private ,ine service
Ethernet +irt"al Private ,ine service
Ethernet ,A0 service
Tests cover the service attri!"tes deined in MEF

/.2- # MEF C2/
MEF Services Certiication
MEF @
E#', E:#', E1'AN &ervice F"nctionality
E.U Test Cases:
Ethernet Physical 'nterace
Physical Medi"m) Speed) Mode) MAC

,ayer
40' Attri!"tes
Service M"ltiplexing) B"ndling) All to

%ne B"ndling
4nicast) M"lticast) Broadcast) ,-CP

Processing
+,A0 Tag S"pport
CE3+,A0 'D) CE3+,A0 CoS) CE3

+,A0 'D # CoS Preservation)
Mapping +,A0 'Ds
MEF 6*
E#', E:#', E1'AN &ervice #erformance
I.U Test Cases:
Service Perormance
Frame Delay) Frame Delay

+ariation) Frame ,oss ;atio
Band&idth Proiles
Per 'ngress 40') per E+C) per CoS
Band&idth Proile ;ate

Enorcement
C';) CBS
E'; EBS
MEF Service Certiication Programs
MEF 6+
CE&oE%> &ervice F"nctionality
+eriies that T/) E/) TB # EB

services transported over
Ethernet comply &ith the
re1"irements deined in:
MEF < 'mplementation

Agreement or the Em"lation o
PD: Circ"its over ME0s
MEF B Circ"it Em"lation

Services Deinitions)
Frame&or$ and ;e1"irements
MEF 36
UNI %ype 3 'in! 0AM &ervice #erformance
+eriies the ,in$ %AM "nctions

deined in MEF -. 40' Type -
'mplementation Agreement
MEF Service Certiication Programs
Service Certiication Testing Process
Service Pre31"aliication # Speciication
'ometrix perorm a preliminary technical revie&
To assess the Service ProviderAs commercial oering) ootprint and net&or$ topology
to MEF Ethernet service speciications
A Service 'mplementation Speciication is iss"ed
Technical ;e1"irements
Services m"st !e terminated at the 40' on MEF certiied e1"ipment 8no

re1"irements apply core net&or$ e1"ipment9
Services oered on dierent transport technologies are s"!*ect to

separate certiication
Test Sites # Coverage Areas
- sites or EP, service testing) B sites or E+P, # E3,A0 service testing
Metro) regional or national or domestic services
Transnational) continental and transcontinental or international services

Service Certiication Testing Process
Test Pro!es
S"pplied !y 'ometrix # installed !y the Service Provider at each

selected site attached to the c"stomer side o the 40's to veriy
end3to3end service delivery
,ive 0et&or$ Testing
Tests are perormed on live end3to3end services
Provisioned across geographically distri!"ted sites
%ver B.. test cases are exec"ted
For a minim"m o I consec"tive days
Test Timeline
Time to complete a "ll cycle o MEF E # MEF /D tests is typically

- &ee$s
Excl"ding service provisioning # tro"!leshooting

Ass"rance o vendor e1"ipment compliance to MEF

speciications
;ed"ces service costs) charges and time on testing

!et&een vendors
Esta!lishes solid o"ndation or Carrier Ethernet

"!i1"ity # interopera!ility
+alidates service compliance to MEF standards
;einorces service prod"ct la"nches
Strengthens mar$et presence # recognition
B"ilds c"stomer conidence

MEF E
+eriies service
"nctionality
-DD Test Cases
MEF
/D
+eriies service
perormance
/<B Test Cases
Beneits o Certiication to Service Provider
Ass"res !"siness "sers that services are MEF

compliant
Capa!le o delivering &ell deined levels o service 1"ality
Accelerates Carrier Ethernet deployment at red"ced

cost
Provides 'T departments &ith the $no&ledge to ma$e

inormed decisions regarding e1"ipment # CPE
p"rchases at greatly red"ced ris$s
Service Provider eiciencies and cost savings can !e

passed to end "sers
Beneits o Certiication to Enterprise 4ser
Applications for Ethernet
&ervices
;e1"ires !"siness agreements !et&een net&or$ operators
To provide access to 40's in other net&or$ operators net&or$s

Carrier A
E300'
40'
M"lti3point to
M"lti3point E+C
M"lti3point to
M"lti3point E+C
40'
40'
Point3to3Point E+C
Point3to3Point E+C
40'
40'
40'
Carrier B
Point3to3Point Ethernet
+irt"al Connection
Point3to3Point Ethernet
+irt"al Connection
@lo!al Carrier Ethernet Services
40' 40' E00' E00'
%perator
A
%perator
B
%perator
C
E+C
C"stomer contracts
Service Provider contracts
&ith each %perator
Service Provider
Service Provider may provide:
(holesale Access service
;etail Access service
B"siness=Commercial service
;esidential service
Mo!ile Bac$ha"l service
Ethernet access to 'P services
(ho provides &hat Carrier Ethernet Services
&ervice %ype
#ort1)ased &ervice
(at the UNI)
:'AN1Aare &ervice
(at the UNI)
E3Access
Access Ethernet
Private ,ine
8Access EP,9
Access Ethernet +irt"al
Private ,ine
8Access E+P,9
Ethernet Access Services classiied into t&o categories 8*"st li$e

E+C3!ased services9:
#ort1(ased at the UNI endpoint

Single %+C 'nstance per 40' 8dedicated 40' endpoint9
:'AN1aare at the UNI endpoint

M"ltiple %+C 'nstances per 40' endpoint 8m"ltiplexed 40'
endpoint9
E00' s"pports m"ltiplexed Access E+P,s

(holesale Access Services
Wholesale Access #rovider sells Access E#' to 4etail #rovider

%+C
/
!et&een S"!scri!er 40'
/
and E00'
4etail &ervice #rovider constr"cts 0:C

%+C
-
!et&een E00' and S"!scri!er 40'
-
4etail &ervice #rovider sells E#' to &"(scri(er
Providing a P-P E+C interconnecting the s"!scri!er locations

E1NNI
Wholesale
Access #rovider
4etail
&ervice #rovider
UNI
6
UNI
3
#3# 0:C
6
&
"
(
s
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i
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&
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i
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rENNI
#3# 0:C
3
#3# E:C
Access EP,
or sale
EP, or
sale
EP, Service "sing Access EP,
Wholesale Access #rovider sells Access E:#' to 4etail #rovider

%+C !et&een S"!scri!er 40'
/
and E00'
4etail &ervice #rovider constr"cts 0:C
3
(eteen9
E00' and S"!scri!er 40'
-
4etail &ervice #rovider sells E:#'
6
to &"(scri(er
Providing a P-P E+C interconnecting the s"!scri!er sites / and -

3
to &"(scri(er
Providing a P-P E+C interconnecting s"!scri!er sites - and B

E1NNI
Wholesale
Access #rovider
4etail
&ervice #rovider
UNI
6
UNI
3
#3# 0:C
6
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ENNI
#3# 0:C
3
#3# E:C
Access E+P,
or sale
E+P,
/

or sale
#
3
#

E
:
C
E+P,
-

or sale
&"(scri(er &ite 8
E+P, Service "sing %ne Access E+P,
Wholesale Access #rovider sells Access E:#'
6
to 4etail #rovider
To connect S"!scri!er Site / 40'
/
to E00'
Wholesale Access #rovider sells Access E:#'
3
to 4etail #rovider
To connect S"!scri!er Site B 40'
B
to E00'
4etail &ervice #rovider sells E:#'6 to &"(scri(er
To connect S"!scri!er Sites / and -

4etail &ervice #rovider sells E:#'3 to &"(scri(er
To connect S"!scri!er Sites - and B

E1NNI
Wholesale
Access #rovider
4etail
&ervice #rovider
UNI
6
UNI
8
UNI
3
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Access EVPL
1
A
c
c
e
s
s

E
V
P
L2
E:#'
3
&"(scri(er &ite 8
E:#'
6
E+P, Service "sing T&o Access E+P,s
Wholesale Access #rovider
6
sells Access E#'
6
to 4etail #rovider
/
to E00'
/
3
sells Access E#'
3
to 4etail #rovider
To connect S"!scri!er Site - 40'
-
to E00'
-
4etail &ervice #rovider sells E#1'AN to &"(scri(er
To connect S"!scri!er Sites /) - and B

Wholesale
Access Provider
1
Retail
Service Provider
UNI
1
UNI
2
S
u
b
s
c
r
i
b
e
r

S
i
t
e

2
S
u
b
s
c
r
i
b
e
r

S
i
t
e

1
E-NNI
1
Access EPL
1
Subscriber
Site 3
Wholesale
Access Provider
2
E-NNI
2
UNI
3
Access EPL
2
EP-LAN
EP3,A0 Service "sing - Access EP,s
6
sells Access E:#' to 4etail #rovider
/
to E00'
/
3
sells Access E:#'
6
to 4etail #rovider
-
to E00'
-
6
to &"(scri(er
To connect S"!scri!er Sites / 40'
/
and - 40'
-
3
sells Access E:#'
3
to 4etail #rovider
-
to E00'
-
- %+Cs m"ltiplexed at 40'
-
3
to &"(scri(er
-
and Site B 40'
B
Wholesale
Access Provider
1
Retail
Service Provider
UNI
1
UNI
2
S
u
b
s
c
r
i
b
e
r

S
i
t
e

2
S
u
b
s
c
r
i
b
e
r

S
i
t
e

1
ENNI
1
Access EVPL
Subscriber
Site 3
Wholesale
Access Provider
2
ENNI
2
UNI
3
E:#'
6
E
:
#
'
3
E+P, Service "sing Access E+P,s
Top Mar$et Sectors
:ealthcare
Finance
Ed"cation
@overnment
Media
Principal Applications
Site3Site Access
Server Consolidation
B"siness Contin"ity
Disaster ;ecovery
Service3oriented
architect"re
'nternet Access
Converged
0et&or$ing
;etail B"siness Services
Service >ey Mar$ets >ey Applications
EP,
:ealthcare) Financial)
Pharmace"ticals
Medical 'maging) Data Centre Connectivity)
B"siness Contin"ity) CAD Engineering) Dedicated
reserved !and&idth) small n"m!er o sites to
interconnect
E+P, ,arge Enterprise) Finance
Convergence) +o'P) +ideo) Financial data) M"ltiple
locations to interconnect) 'nternational reach)
+ideoconerencing
EP3,A0
,ocal=;egional
@overnment) Primary #
Secondary Ed"cation
Colla!oration) M"lti3site connectivity) cost
eiciency) Administration) Easy to manage
M"ltipoint Ethernet
E+P3,A0
,ocal=;egional
@overnment) Ed"cation)
:ealthcare) City3&ide
applications
+o'P) +ideo) M"ltipoint3to3M"ltipoint 'ntra3Metro
Connectivity) Classes o Service
B"siness Services
Ethernet Private ,ine:
Dedicated 40's or P-P connections

CE0
40'
Point3to3Point E+Cs
8dedicated B(9
CE
Ethernet Private ,ine "sing E3,ine Service type
'nternet
'SP
P%P
Storage SP
CE
CE
40'
40'
40'
Access to 'P Services
%ransparent 'AN &ervice .%'&/ provides
'ntra3company Connectivity
F"ll transparency o
control protocols 8BPD4s9
Ne :'ANs added
&itho"t coordination &ith provider

%'& ma!es the Carrier Ethernet
Netor! loo! li!e a 'AN
MP-MP
E+C
40' /
40'
B
40' D
40'
-
CE0
+,A0s
Engineering
+,A0s
Sales
C"stomer Service
Engineering
+,A0s
Sales
+,A0s
Sales
C"stomer Service
The example ill"strates the Port3!ased EP3,A0 implementation
A single MP-MP E+C
Transparent ,A0 Service
+ideo Distri!"tion=M"lticast Services
+ideo Distri!"tion=M"lticast services
Delivered over EP3Tree

4oot
UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
CE
CE
CE
CE
'eaf
'eaf
UNI
UNI
CE
CE
'eaf
;ooted3M"ltipoint E+C
HD TV
TVoD, VoD
Video
Source
Video
Source
C"stomer r"ns their o&n ro"ting=s&itching e1"ipment at each site
They &ish to contin"e to manage their o&n inrastr"ct"re
So re1"ire a highly transparent service
They re1"ire a symmetric service providing a / @!ps g"aranteed

service
/ @!ps / @!ps
Symmetric
For exam o!*ectives I2- and I2B
Example: Target Application 3 Site to Site Access
E+C Perormance
Attri!"te
Parameters
Class o Service %ering
>rypton Argon 0eon
CoS 'D 8PCP
val"e9
PCP M 6 PCP M D PCP M .
Frame Delay 8FD9
S"!set o ordered 40' pairs All All All
FD %!*ective H ms F ms 8FRH9 T ms 8TRF9
Percentile 8P9 E6X E6X E6X
Time 'nterval 8T9 / ho"r / ho"r / ho"r
'nter3Frame Delay
+ariation 8'FD+9
'FD+ %!*ective ? ms 0=S 0=S
Percentile 8P9 E6X 0=S 0=S
Time 'nterval 8T9 / ho"r 0=S 0=S
Pair 'nterval 8Yt9 /.. ms 0=S 0=S
Frame ,oss ;atio
8F,;9
F,; %!*ective AX BX 8BRA9 CX 8CRB9
Time 'nterval 8T9 / ho"r / ho"r / ho"r
Availa!ility
Availa!ility %!*ective PX ?X 8?RP9 ;X 8;R?9
Time 'nterval 8T9 / month / month / month
0"m!er o consec"tive small time
intervals 8n9
/ / /
Small Time 'nterval 8Yt9 - min"tes - min"tes - min"tes
4navaila!ility F,; Threshold 8C"9 6.X I6X /..X
Availa!ility F,; Threshold 8Ca9 .X -6X 6.X
Scenario: Site to Site Access
T"nnel all except PA4SE T"nnel all except PA4SE
UNI Attri("tes
UNI per E:C
attri("tes
E:C attri("tes
T"nnel all except PA4SE
40' /
40'
-
40'
B
Service Provider
0et&or$
%perator 0et&or$
Each siteAs 40' s"pports:
For all 40's) 'ngress B(P:
C'; M 6 M!psK CBS M -6C >B
E'; M /. M!psK EBS M 6/- >B
,-CP:
Process <.-2B MAC control rames
Process ,ACP
Process <.-2/ x Port A"thentication
Pass to E+C @A;P
Pass to E+C STP
Pass to E+C any m"lticast rames
Single CoS 'D:
Frame Delay M V B. ms
Frame ,oss ;atio M V .2/X
&pecify the service attri("te parameter
&ervice
For exam o!*ectives I2- and I2B
Scenario: Transparent ,A0 Service
Carrier Ethernet Services or Mo!ile Bac$ha"l
Typically there are a small n"m!er o ;0C sites and !et&een

h"ndreds to tho"sands o ;A0 BS sites
Band&idth re1"irements or a !ase station site &ill vary and

may range rom a e& M!ps to over a @!ps
Services need to !e:
Scala!le
Flexi!le
Cost eective
MEF CE Services or MB: are:
Ethernet Private ,ine Service
Ethernet +irt"al Private ,ine Service
Ethernet Private ,A0 Service
Ethernet +irt"al Private ,A0 service
Ethernet Private Tree Service
Ethernet +irt"al Private Tree Service

Carrier
Ethernet
Netor!
UNI UNI 4AN
)&
4AN
NC
Mo(ile )ac!ha"l definition9
%he netor! (eteen the
4adio Netor! Controllers .4NCs/ and
4adio Access Netor! )ase &tations
Mo!ile Bac$ha"l Services
MEF Services or MB:
M#3M# E1'AN
+irt"al ,A0 service
Traic separation re1"ired at

;A0 BS # ;0C
EP3,A0 # E+P3,A0 s"pported
E+P3,A0 ill"strated
4ooted M# E1%ree
Similar to ,eased lines
Simpler ;A0 BS # ;0C

sol"tions
EP3Tree # E+P3Tree s"pported
E+P3Tree ill"strated
#3# E1'ine
Similar to ,eased lines
EP, # E+P, s"pported
E+P, ill"strated
-@ Base Stations
connect !ac$ to
BSC
Typically over -
M!ps lin$s
0o inter BS
comm"nication
TDM E/
replacement
"sing E+P3,ine
E:#'I6
E:#'I3
E:#'I8
E:#'I*
UNI
Carrier Ethernet
Netor!
3A
.AIWF/
3A
.AIWF/
3A
.AIWF/
)&C
3A
.AIWF/
AIWF
MB: or -@
B@ !ase stations
may s"pport !oth
TDM and Ethernet
Some !ase
stations s"pport
!oth -@ # B@
E3Tree service
can !e "sed to
connect B@ 0ode
B !ac$ to the
;0C
E:#'I6
E:#'I3
E:#'I8
E:#'I*
UNI
E:#1%ree
Carrier Ethernet
Netor!
3A
.AIWF/
3A E 8A
.AIWF/
3A E 8A
.AIWF/
8A
)&C
4NC
3A E 8A
.AIWF/
AIWF
MB: or B@
MB: or ,TE
,TE:
'P rom the start
0e& logical interaces
M"ltipoint in nat"re
0e& pooling concept
CoS
@reater thro"ghp"t
:igher perormance
expectations
MEF -- principles still

apply
MME
MME
MME
SAE @(
SAE @(
S3@(
e0B e0B
e0B
E34T;A0
H- H-
H-
S/34
S/3MME
,ogical
'nteraces
Ethernet access to managed 'P +P0s
Ethernet dedicated 'nternet access
Ethernet access to clo"d services
Ethernet !ac$ha"l o 'P video rom DS,AM)

@eP%0 or CMTS 8Ca!le Modem
Termination System9
Internet
:oI#
E1'ine
Ethernet Access to 'P Services
Circ"it Em"lation Service
Provides em"lation o TDM services across a CE0
Examples:
0xCD $!ps) T/) E/) TB) EB) %C3B # %C/-)STM3/) STM3D
CE0 is transparent to TDM so"rce # destination

%DM Circ"its
.e;$; %6CE6 'ines/
TDM Pipe
Carrier Ethernet Netor!
%DM Circ"its
.e;$; %6CE6 'ines/
S"pport or ,egacy Services over Ethernet
%DM 'ine &ervice
,eased ,ine replacement
%DM Access 'ine &ervice
Access to remote net&or$
S"pport or ,egacy Services
Ethernet Services are agnostic o the Access or Transport

0et&or$ Technology
Facilitates a common service portolio or all mar$ets
Ethernet Services incl"de:
A ,ayer - Connectivity Service 8E3,ine or E3,A0 ,- +P09
A ,ayer / Private ,ine ;eplacement 8EP,9
A ,ayer - access connection to an 'P Service

Ethernet Access to 'nternet
Managed 'P +P0 or +o'P service
Ethernet Services
Carrier Ethernet ;eplacement or F;
F;:
,A0 'nterconnect
Flexi!le) scala!le
!and&idth
S"pport or m"ltiplexing
o logical channels
Preconig"red path
typically
Congestion control
Carrier Ethernet:
E3,ine or E3,A0
service
Flexi!le) scala!le
!and&idth
Preconig"red path
Perormance
o!*ectives
DS,:
;esidential=S%:%
Asymmetric=Symmet
ric service
Preconig"red to
services 8Triple
Play9
Best eort=S,A
Carrier Ethernet:
E3,ine service
4se o 'ngress=Egress
B(P to provide symmetric
or asymmetric service
Capa!le o delivering
Triple Play service
CoS s"pport or S,A

perormance or each
Triple Play component
service
Carrier Ethernet ;eplacement or DS,
(DM:
P-MP distri!"tion rom a h"!

node to a n"m!er o spo$e
nodes
Dierent &avelengths "sed at

the h"! &ith distri!"tion o each
&avelength to a dierent spo$e
Comm"nication only !et&een

h"! and spo$es 8no
comm"nication !et&een spo$es9
,arge data capacity i!er

connections
S"pport or M"lticast
Carrier Ethernet:
;ooted3M"ltipoint E+P3Tree
service &ith service
m"ltiplexing at the ;oot 8h"!9
Eicient single E+C

implementation
Traic separation is provided

&ithin the ;ooted3M"ltipoint
E+C s"ch that ,eas
comm"nicate &ith the ;oot !"t
not &ith each other
Flexi!le) scala!le !and&idth
S"pport or M"lticast
Carrier Ethernet ;eplacement or (DM
'dentiy an appropriate Carrier

Ethernet service
For the identiied service) speciy

&hat service attri!"te val"es &o"ld
!e re1"ired to meet the re1"irements
o the organisation
Point3to3Point Frame ;elay lin$s
UNI UNI
UNI
A corporate organisation c"rrently
has a Frame ;elay service
connecting - !ranch oices to its
:?2
The organisation) ollo&ing
disc"ssions &ith a service provider)
are $een to adopt a Carrier
Ethernet service alternative2
Their c"rrent service is descri!ed
in the text !elo& the slide
For exam o!*ective I26
4se Case: Exercise
Ethernet '3 :#N &ervice
UNI
EVC (service) identified via VLAN ID
CoS identified via PCP
Forwarding on MAC or VLAN ID

I# :#N &ervice
Port
Service identified via IP address
CoS identified via DSCP
Forwarding on IP Address
Service Attri!"te Ethernet Service 'P Service
Csto!er "andoff Ethernet UNI Ethernet #ort (or PD" circit)
Service Identification VLAN ID $ EVC IP Address
CoS Identification PCP DSCP$%oS
Pac&et$Fra!e
'oting$Forwarding
MAC Address (E(LAN)
VLAN ID (E(Line)
IP Address
Fa)t Manage!ent
Lin& %race* Continit+ Chec& (La+er ,
Ping)* Loo#-ac&s
%racerote* ICMP Ping
Perfor!ance
Manage!ent
Fra!e De)a+* Fra!e De)a+ Variation*
Fra!e Loss 'atio* Service Avai)a-i)it+
Pac&et De)a+* Pac&et De)a+
Variation* Pac&et Loss*
&ervice
#rovider
Comparison o ,- +P0 to 'P +P0
,- +P0 Service
Beneit
Enterprise Beneits Service Provider Beneits
No I# aareness
re-"ired
Especially
important &ith
'PvC
applications
No service provider
coordination of I#
addresses
No concerns of service
providerJs I#v2
capa(ilities
No need for service
provider to have I#v21
capa(le ro"ters
Fa"lt
mana$ement
Ethernet %AM
vers"s 'P)
MP,S and
Ethernet %AM
&impler 0AM .loer 0pE,/ (y mana$in$ a sin$le
netor! layer
Perorm *"st Ethernet %AM instead o Ethernet %AM
U MP,S 8%AM9 U 'P %AM or a"lt management
M"lti1site
connectivity
&impler to add ne
location to an E1'AN
service .a"to learnin$/
In many cases, simpler
to deploy '3 m"ltipoint
services
Beneits o ,- +P0 to 'P +P0
An organisation
ma$es "se o storage
services provided !y
a storage service
provider
Service is c"rrently
provided over a TDM
leased line operating
at /. M!ps
Storage Service
Provider
/. M!ps leased line
;ecommend a Carrier
Ethernet sol"tion
Descri!e the service

attri!"te settings
re1"ired
For exam o!*ective <2-
Scenario: Compara!le Carrier Ethernet Service
Circ"it Em"lation over Ethernet
& Mo(ile )ac!ha"l
Circ"it Em"lation Service
Provides em"lation o TDM services across a CE0
Examples:
0xCD $!ps) T/) E/) TB) EB) %C3B # %C/-)STM3/) STM3D
CE0 is transparent to TDM so"rce # destination

%DM Circ"its
.e;$; %6CE6 'ines/
TDM Pipe
Carrier Ethernet Netor!
%DM Circ"its
.e;$; %6CE6 'ines/
P"rpose o Circ"it Em"lation over Ethernet
ME03!o"nd
'(F /
TDM3!o"nd
'(F -
TDM3!o"nd
'(F /
ME03!o"nd
'(F -
ME0
CES TDM
'nterace
CES Ethernet
'nterace
CES Ethernet
'nterace
CES TDM
'nterace
Destination Address
So"rce Address
+,A0 Tags 8optional9
Ethertype
Em"lated Circ"it 'dentiier 8EC'D9
CESoET: Control (ord
;TP 8optional9
TDM Payload
Ethernet Services ,ayer
Adaptation F"nction
CES Application Data
MEF < 'nter&or$ing Model
Edge3to3Edge service em"lation o a TDM

service "sing CESoET: ass"mes the ollo&ing
elements:
T&o end services o the same type and !it rate
An ME03!o"nd CES '(F providing pac$etisation

and encaps"lation "nctions
A TDM3!o"nd CES '(F providing *itter !"er and

de3pac$etisation "nctionality
S"pport or timing synchronisation
Provision o a Pse"do (ire across the ME0

Components o CESoET:
%DM 'ine service em"lated over Ethernet UNI
TDM S"!scri!er
Demarcation
TDM S"!scri!er
Demarcation
Ethernet 40'
Ethernet 40'
Service Provider
0et&or$
TDM
CE
TDM ,in$ TDM ,in$
TDM
CE
ET: Access ,in$ ET: Access ,in$
40'30 40'30
CES
'(F
TSP
8optional9
CES
'(F
TSP
8optional9
E+C
40'3C 40'3C
EFT EFT
CE0
MEF B Service Deinitions
TSP: TDM Service Processor
P(/
P(-
Provider
Edge /
Provider
Edge -
C"stomer
Edge /
C"stomer
Edge -
PS0
PS0 T"nnel
Pse"do&ire
Em"lated Service
0ative Service 0ative Service
Point3to3Point Services "sing Pse"do&ires
TSP =
CES '(F
TDM
CE
TSP =
CES '(F
TDM
CE
TDM
CE
TDM
CE
TDM
CE
%CB
TB
TB
T/
T/
Point3to3point E+Cs
CE0
TSP =
CES '(F
TSP =
CES '(F
TSP =
CES '(F
%he (asic %1'ine service is a point to point ith 8 possi(le modes
4nstr"ct"red Em"lation mode
8also $no&n as Ostr"ct"re3agnosticP em"lation9
Str"ct"red Em"lation Mode 8also $no&n as Ostr"ct"re3a&areP em"lation9
TDM M"ltiplexing mode

T3,ine Service
Service is provided !et&een t&o service end3points that

"se the same interace type2
Traic entering the CE0 on one end3point leaves the

net&or$ at the other in the same ormat
Maintains !it integrity) timing and other client3payload

speciic characteristics o the transported traic
0o degradation that &o"ld exceed the re1"irements or the

given service
All the management) monitoring perormed &itho"t

changing or altering the service payload inormation or
capacity
4nstr"ct"red Mode
Service is provided !et&een t&o service end3points that "se the same
interace type
Traic entering the CE0 on one end3point is handled as overhead and

payload
%verhead is terminated at the near end point
Payload traic is transported transparently to the other end
At the ar end3point the payload has a ne& overhead o the same type
as at the near end point added to it
Example:
%C3B &hen the S%: is terminated at !oth ends and the STS3/
payloads are transported transparently over the CE0
Str"ct"red Mode
Example:
:ead oice &ith a "ll

DS/ connection) and
several satellites &ith
ractional DS/
connections
The same architect"re

can !e "sed or
m"ltiplexing o other
rate services) e2g2
several "ll DS/
services onto a single
DSB) or m"ltiplexing o
+T3/26s into an STS3/
M"ltiple lo&er rate transparent services are

m"ltiplexed at a speciic service3end3point
Similarly) a higher rate service may !e de3composed

into several lo&er rate services
TDM M"ltiplexing Mode
TD#
C&
'!(t-t!-p!(t &VCs
MEN
F"a)t(!al DS1 l(*
TD#
C&
C&S +,F
TD#
C&
F"a)t(!al DS1 l(*s
TD#
%-lt(ple.($
/-)t(!
(TS')
F"a)t(!al DS1 payl!ad
t! 0e %-lt(ple.ed
F-ll DS1 l(*
Head Office
Satellite sites
Satellite
site
C&S +,F
C&S +,F
TD#
C&
All TDM circ"it em"lation handled across a single point3to3point

E+C
'ndivid"al circ"it em"lated lin$s are carried across that E+C

"sing Ethernet m"ltiplexing
C"stomer separation is maintained "sing this m"ltiplexing

The m"ltiplex 8M4H9 "nction is o"tside
o the ME0=CE0
M"ltiplexing Across a Single E+C

Point3to3point E+Cs
CEN
TDM lin$s
8may !e "ll or ractional9

C&S +,F
C&S +,F
C&S +,F
Circ"it em"lated lin$s
TD#
C&
TD#
C&
TD#
C&
TD#
C&
TD#
C&
TD#
C&
TD#
C&
TD#
C&
TD#
C&
TD#
C&
C"stomer sites
8may or may not !elong
to the same c"stomer9
:and3o to PST0 at one end

TDM Access ,ine Service
TDM S"!scri!er
Demarcation
TDM S"!scri!er
Demarcation
Ethernet 40'
Ethernet 40'
Service Provider
0et&or$
TDM
CE
TDM ,in$ TDM Tr"n$ ,in$
40'30 40'30
CES
'(F
TSP
8optional9
CES
'(F
TSP
8optional9
E+C
40'3C 40'3C
EFT EFT
CE0
PST0
%perated !y c"stomer over an E3,ine service
Service Provider may provide a Premi"m S,A

C4ET C4ET
Service Provider
0et&or$
Ethernet 40'
C"stomer Demarcation
TDM
CE
TDM ,in$ TDM ,in$
TDM
CE
40'30 40'30
CES
'(F
TSP
8optional9
CES
'(F
TSP
8optional9
E+C
40'3C 40'3C
EFT EFT
CE0
Ethernet 40'
C"stomer Demarcation
C"stomer %perated CES 8E3,ine9
CES Control (ord
(hat is carried

C"stomer
TDM
Service
CES TDM
'nterace
TDM
Service
'nterace
%&#
8optional9

8e2g2 raming)
m"x=dem"x9
CES Payload
'(F
+,F
CE& IWF
CES '(F Type
EF%F

Ethernet
'nterace
Adapted
Payload
DS/ 8T/9) E/)
DSB 8TB9) EB)
0xCD
CES Control
(ord
;TP 8optional9

TDM Payload

Ethertype
EC'D
CES Control
(ord
;TP 8optional9

TDM Payload

Destination Addr2
So"rce Address
Ethertype
EC'D
CES Control
(ord
;TP 8optional9

TDM Payload
FCS

ECDK

,E0 8,ength9
8C !its9
S0 8Se1"ence 0"m!er9 8/C !its9
0 1 2 1 4 5 6 2 8 3 10 15 16 11
, ;
M
8- !its9
F;@
8- !its9
;eserved
set to 5ero
(12 0(ts)
Example service attri!"tes or E+P, or EP, service carrying CESoET:
traic
40' Service Attri!"tes or CESoET:
As the CESoET: service is em"lating a

constant !it rate TDM service) the 'ngress B(P
parameter settings:
0eed to !e speciied to !e s"icient to handle the

constant !it rate TDM lo&
0o varia!le !it rate traic lo& is re1"ired so E';)

EBS are set to 5ero
Co"pling Flag is set to 5ero
C';) CBS val"es m"st !e s"icient to handle the

constant !it rate TDM lo&
'ngress B(P or CESoET:
Service M"ltiplexing may !e Fes i m"ltiple

E+Cs are s"pported on the same 40'
'll"strative val"es:
+al"es &ill !e dependent on the TDM service !eing em"lated

E+C Service Attri!"tes or CESoET:
The perormance o!*ectives or the E+C &ill !e

speciied in the Class o Service attri!"te:
FD: as re1"ired or the application # to meet TDM

standards
'FD+: as re1"ired or the application # to meet

TDM standards
F,;: as re1"ired or the application # to meet

TDM standards
Typically) Service Frames &ill !e delivered

"nconditionally
%ther E+C Attri!"tes
>ey 'ss"e
Migration to all pac$et net&or$s means loss o TDM cloc$ so"rce
Three principal Components o sync
Fre1"ency synchroni5ation8-@) B@) B26@9
Phase synchroni5ation8D@ in some cases9
Time o Day synchroni5ation
The ollo&ing approaches are possi!le
%"tside o the Ethernet transport net&or$ 8e2g2 via @PS9
Pac$et Based Synch "sing dedicated pac$et lo& 8e2g2 'EEE /6<<
+-) 0TP9 or "sing the cloc$ carried !y circ"it em"lated data 8the
ollo&ing methods are possi!le : Dierential Cloc$ ;ecovery)
Adaptive Cloc$ ;ecovery9
Synchrono"s Ethernet
Synchronisation G A >ey 'ss"e
Pac$et !ased
Pac$et !ased methods are in scope

or Phase /
Synchroni5ation 1"ality re1"irements

reerence the 'T4 @2<-C/ standard
The 'A c"rrently s"pports timing distri!"tion via pac$et3!ased

methods &hich:
is agnostic to speciic methods=implementations li$e adaptive cloc$ing) ;TP3

extended adaptive cloc$ing) 'EEE/6<< etc2
Eliminates the cost and need or retention o T/=E/ circ"it solely or

synchroni5ation
%ther approaches
Common Cloc$ 8@PS) legacy E/ cloc$ing9 is o"t o scope
Synchrono"s Ethernet in scope or "t"re phases

MEF -- Approach to Synchronisation
Bac$gro"nd 'normation
The ollo&ing slides are not descriptive o MEF -- !"t are intended
as "se"l !ac$gro"nd $no&ledge
;elevant 'T4 Standards or Cloc$ ;e1"irements or Circ"it

Em"lation services
The synchroni5ation re1"irements are derived rom the 'T43T

;ecommendation @2<-C/) &hich st"dies timing and
synchroni5ation over pac$et !ased net&or$s and examines the
re1"irements or dierent mo!ile technologies2
S"!se1"ent versions o this 'T4 speciy cloc$s conorming to @2<-B

8or signals related to the E/3hierarchy9 or @2<-D 8or T/3hierarchy
signals9
These standards deine the permissi!le o"tp"t *itter and &ander or

t&o levels
Cloc$ 8Witter and &ander9 re1"irements or the traic interace

are deined in 'T43T @2<-B) Section 6 or E/ and in 'T43T
@2<-D) Section 6) or T/
Cloc$ 8Witter and &ander9 re1"irements or the synchroni5ation

interace are deined in 'T43T @2<-B) Section C2-2D or E/ and in
'T43T @2<-D) section C2-2- or T/
Bac$gro"nd Synchronisation 'normation
Principle types o synchroni5ation
There are B principal types o synchroni5ation that are o

importance:
Fre-"ency synchroniLation
;elate to the alignment o cloc$s in re1"ency) a process that

is also reerred to as syntoni5ation
#hase synchroniLation
'mply that the t&o cloc$s are aligned in phase) a process that
also reerred to as relative3time synchroni5ation
%ime synchroniLation
Also reerred to as time3o3day synchroni5ation or &all3cloc$

synchroni5ation &here the cloc$s in 1"estion are tracea!le to
a common) "niversal) time3!ase s"ch as 4TC
'mportant synchroni5ation types and re1"irements in cell"lar

net&or$s 8/9
@SM Base Station 8re1"ency synchroni5ation9
Timing re1"irement applica!le to the @SM radio interace can

!e o"nd in the ETS' technical speciication TS /D62./.
The radio interace re1"irement or a @SM !ase station is

re1"ency acc"racy o Z6. pp! and Z/.. pp! 8pico BS9
The need or this re1"irement stems primarily rom the need to

s"pport handover o mo!iles !et&een !ase stations
4MTS FDD Base Station 8re1"ency synchroni5ation9
The timing re1"irement applica!le to the (CDMA FDD radio

interace can !e o"nd in the ETS' technical speciication TS
/-62/.D
The radio interace re1"irement or 4MTS FDD !ase stations

is a re1"ency acc"racy o Z 6.pp! 8&ide area9) Z/.. pp!
8local area9 and Z-6. pp! 8:ome BS9K or the FDD mode
there are no phase alignment re1"irements
'mportant synchroni5ation types and re1"irements in cell"lar net&or$s

8-9
4MTS TDD Base Station 8re1"ency and phase synchroni5ation9
The timing re1"irement applica!le to the (CDMA TDD radio interace can
!e o"nd in the ETS' technical speciication TS /-62/.6
The radio interace re1"irement or 4MTS TDD !ase stations is a

re1"ency acc"racy o Z6. pp!K or the TDD mode there is the additional
re1"irement or the phase alignment o neigh!oring !ase stations to &ithin
-26 [s2
B@PP- CDMA-... Base Station 8re1"ency and time synchroni5ation9
The relevant CDMA-... standards are the B@PP- C2S../.3B and B@PP-
C2S...-3B
According to the CDMA-... speciications the average re1"ency

dierence !et&een the act"al CDMA transmit carrier re1"ency and
speciied CDMA transmit re1"ency assignment shall !e less than Z6. pp!
The time error sho"ld !e less than B\s: d"e to that it is a common practice
to e1"ip CDMA !ase stations &ith @PS receivers
%he re-"irements from Cloc! 4ecovery over #&N (ased M)>
Any cloc$ recovery over pac$et mechanism sho"ld !e designed

primarily to meet the cloc$ synchroni5ation re1"irements or @SM
and 4MTS ;A0s as speciied in ETS' E0 B.. E/- and TS /-6 D.-
]Synchroni5ation in 4T;A0 stage -P
Witter and &ander meas"red at the o"tp"t o the @'(F TDM3!o"nd interace
sho"ld meet the traic interace re1"irements speciied in 'T43T
recommendations 8@2<-B=@2<-D=@2<-69
The &ander !"dget allocated to the ME0 and the @'(F as meas"red at the
o"tp"t o the @'(F TDM3!o"nd interace sho"ld meet the traic interace
re1"irements o 'T43T @2<-C/) Deployment Case -
Fre1"ency acc"racy in holdover sho"ld conorm to a standard Cloc$ as

applica!le
A ro!"st cloc$ recovery mechanism sho"ld also maintain its

o"tstanding perormance even "nder the most demanding net&or$
conditions) s"ch as high Pac$et Delay +ariation 8*itter9 and pac$et
loss ratio
:o& net&or$ synchroni5ation is achieved or em"lated circ"its over a

pac$et3!ased inrastr"ct"re 8/9
There are B ma*or methods:

/2 0et&or$ Synchrono"s Method2
This is s"pported via a local @PS or via a master Gslave

synchroni5ation net&or$ "sing the physical layer to distri!"te the
synchroni5ation
-2 Dierential cloc$ing mode
A P;C3tracea!le reerence is re1"ired at !oth ends o the pac$et

net&or$2 :o&ever oten a this may not !e availa!le or service
providers at every possi!le site) s"ch as a remote cell site
The system &ill "se the P;C3tracea!le cloc$ so"rce) &hich is ed

into all the elements o the net&or$
The system &ill "se the common cloc$ so"rce as &ell as o!serve
the time stamps received rom the circ"it em"lation service
8CESoE = SAToP = CESoPS09 pac$ets received rom the pac$et
net&or$ and calc"late the dierential to recover an acc"rate cloc$
This recovered cloc$ reerence is then "sed to transmit the TDM

rames
:o& net&or$ synchroni5ation is achieved or em"lated circ"its

over a pac$et3!ased inrastr"ct"re 8-9
B2 Adaptive Cloc$ ;ecovery
'n some deployments) there is no P;C3tracea!le reerence

nor @PS so"rce availa!le at the remote site
The CPE at the cell site has to completely rely on the incoming
pac$et stream rom the Ethernet net&or$ to calc"late the
cloc$ing reerence
The cloc$ acc"racy) th"s derived) sho"ld !e o s"ita!le high

1"ality) s"icient to recover a timing signal compliant to the
B@PP mo!ile standards 8e2g2 acc"racy o /C pp! or higher9
The central oice &ill !e "sing a primary cloc$ so"rce

reerence) and the receiving site &ill derive the cloc$ !ased on
the incoming circ"it em"lation service pac$ets
:o& cloc$ recovery sol"tions are related to /6<<v- and 0TP
'EEE /6<<v- and 0TP 80et&or$ Time Protocol9 deine ho& to

transport time inormation over the net&or$
The algorithms to reconstr"ct and recover the cloc$ are vendor

speciic
This is an ]implementation] iss"e rather protocol
/6<<v- implementation act"ally calls or a standardi5ed

implementation o the inormation carried &hile maintaining the
high cloc$ acc"racy c"rrently achieved thro"gh cloc$ recovery
implementations
The cloc$ recovery implementations sho"ld interopera!le and

complement /6<<v- standard2
The cloc$ recovery implementations sho"ld comply &ith @2<-B)

@2<-D) @2<-C/) @2<-CD) @2<-C6 and @2<-CC as applica!le
Adaptive Cloc$ ;ecovery
Adaptive Cloc$ ;ecovery is a mechanism or

deriving a synchrono"s cloc$ rom an
asynchrono"s pac$et stream
The 0et&or$ Time Protocol 80TP9 is "sed to synchroni5e the real time cloc$ o a
comp"ter client or server to another server or reerence time so"rce) s"ch as a
radio or satellite receiver or modem2
't provides acc"racies typically &ithin a millisecond on ,A0s and "p to a e&
tens o milliseconds on (A0s
Typical 0TP conig"rations "tili5e m"ltiple red"ndant servers and diverse

net&or$ paths in order to achieve high acc"racy and relia!ility2
0TP ens"res that all local cloc$s &ithin a net&or$ are acc"rately synchroni5ed
to 4TC 4niversal Time Co %rdinate2
The signal is carried via TCP'P /.=/..BaseT and can !e !roadcast over a DC0
rom a server
0et&or$ Time Protocol 80TP9
Satellite Transmission
Containing 4TC
A#& 4eceiver Decodes U%C and
#rovides %C#I# sin$le N%#
o"tp"t
Daemon &erver Distri("tes
N%# across Netor!
N%# Distri("ted over
'AN
N%# Distri("ted over
WAN
N%# %racea(le to U%C
Deriving 0TP rom 4TC
>i$hest Cloc!
<"ality 'evel
'oest Cloc!
<"ality 'evel
0TP Strat"m Classes
'n order to $eep the right time) 0TP m"st ma$e ad*"stments to the system cloc$2 There
are o"r mechanisms an 0TP implementation can "se to discipline the system cloc$ :
6;M &ettimeofday to step 8set9 the time2 This method is "sed i the time i o !y more
than /-<ms2
3;M ad=time to sle& 8grad"ally change9 the time2 Sle&ing the time means to change the
virt"al re1"ency o the sot&are cloc$ to ma$e the cloc$ go aster or slo&er "ntil the
re1"ested correction is achieved2
8;M ntpIad=time to control several parameters o the sot&are cloc$ 8also $no&n as
$ernel discipline92 3 Ad*"st the oset o the sot&are cloc$) possi!ly correcting the virt"al
re1"ency as &ell:
3 Adjust the virtual frequency of the software clock directly
- Enable or disable PPS event processing
- Control processing of leap seconds
- Read and set soe related characteristic values of the clock
*;M hardpp is a "nction that is only called rom an interr"pt service ro"tine inside the
operating system2 ' ena!led) hardpps &ill "pdate the re1"ency and oset correction o
the $ernel cloc$ in response to an external signal2

:o& 0TP can Control the Cloc$
4ses the Physical ,ayer to synchronise nodes
All cloc$ oscillators are synchronised !ac$ to a Primary

;eerence Cloc$
SyncE
SyncE
All nodes recover the cloc$ at the P:F o the incoming interace #
loc$ it to the DP,, oscillator
similar to SD:=S%0ET # ena!les highly acc"rate sync
the oscillator in s&itching nodes can !e moderately advanced # is

thereore inexpensive
Sync Path
Base Station Fre1"ency Synchronisation
Primary ;eerence
So"rce eeds to a
synchrono"s
net&or$ !ased on
SyncE
Synchronisation
path ollo&s a chain
o nodes thro"gh
the core to mo!ile
!ac$ha"l and onto
the !ase stations
'EEE /6<<v- 8PTP9
'n a pac$et transport system) cloc$s comm"nicate &ith each

other "sing PTP2
There are 6 types o cloc$:

%rdinary Cloc$ A single port device that can !e a Master or Slave cloc$
Bo"ndary Cloc$ A m"lti3port device that can !e a Master or Slave cloc$
End3to3End Transparent Cloc$
A m"lti3port device that is not a Master or Slave cloc$ !"t a !ridge !et&een the t&o2
't or&ards and corrects all PTP Messages2 Correction is achieved !y addition o the
!ridge residence time into a correction ield &ithin the header o the message
Peer3to3Peer Transparent Cloc$
A m"lti3port device that is not a Master or Slave cloc$ !"t a !ridge !et&een the t&o2
't or&ards and corrects Sync and Follo&J4p messages only2 Correction is achieved
!y addition o the !ridge residence time to the peer3to3peer lin$ delay) &hich is
inserted into a correction ield &ithin the header o the message
Management 0ode A device that can conig"re and monitor cloc$s
'n each port o ordinary and !o"ndary cloc$s there is a PTP state
machine2
They "se the Best Master Cloc$ Algorithm to esta!lish the Master or the
path !et&een the t&o ports
Bo"ndary Cloc$ /
/ - B
S M M
Bo"ndary Cloc$ -
/ - B
S M M
M
%rdinary Cloc$ /
8@randmaster9
S
%rdinary
Cloc$ -
S
%rdinary
Cloc$ -
S
%rdinary
Cloc$ -
/ -
B
D
6
Esta!lishing Master3Slave :ierarchy
Event Messages @eneral Messages
Sync
DelayJ;e1
PdelayJ;e1
PdelayJ;esp
Anno"nce
Follo&J4p
DelayJ;esp
PdelayJ;espJFollo&J4p
Management
Signaling
PTP Messages
/6<< v- PTP=SyncE Compared
F"nction IEEE 67++ #%# &yncE I%U1%
A;+326
Architect"re Pac$et3!ased
transport)
independent o
physical layer
4ses physical layer
o Ethernet ETF
For&arding
principle
Ethernet)
4DP over 'P
Ethernet rames
"sed or
synchronisation
stat"s messages
only
Distri!"tion o
re1"ency
Fes Fes
Distri!"tion o
Time3o3day
Fes 0o
Dependency o
pac$et
processing
hard&are
4ses pac$et
processing
hard&are to
meas"re lin$ and
resident time2
'mpairments on
pac$et layer aect
synchronisation
perormance
'ndependent o
delays and delay
variations at the
pac$et processing
layers
- !asic methods or the

distri!"tion o precision
time and re1"ency over
a pac$et inrastr"ct"re:
By the physical layer
8SyncE9
By exchanging time
messages thro"gh a
pac$et protocol 8PTP9
Methods may !e "sed

in com!ination
40' re1"irements
Ethernet Service re1"irements
CoS
E3,ine) E3,A0) E3Tree
Synchronisation
@eneric 'nter3&or$ing F"nction

re1"irements
(hat is covered in MEF --7
%vervie&
Provides generic speciication or Ethernet !ac$ha"l

architect"res or mo!ile net&or$s 8-@) B@) D@9
Explains ho& to apply existing MEF speciications
4ser30et&or$ 'nterace re1"irements
Service ;e1"irements
Service deinitions
Cloc$ synchroni5ation or
application s"pport
Carrier Ethernet
Netor!
UNI
4AN )&
4AN NC
UNI
4AN )&
UNI
MB: 'mplementation Agreement
Carrier Ethernet Services or Mo!ile Bac$ha"l
Typically there are a small n"m!er o ;0C sites and !et&een

h"ndreds to tho"sands o ;A0 BS sites
Band&idth re1"irements or a !ase station site &ill vary and

may range rom a e& M!ps to over a @!ps
Services need to !e:
Scala!le
Flexi!le
Cost eective
MEF CE Services or MB: are:
Ethernet Private ,ine Service
Ethernet +irt"al Private ,ine Service
Ethernet Private ,A0 Service
Ethernet +irt"al Private ,A0 service
Ethernet Private Tree Service
Ethernet +irt"al Private Tree Service

Carrier
Ethernet
Netor!
UNI UNI 4AN
)&
4AN
NC
Mo(ile )ac!ha"l definition9
%he netor! (eteen the
4adio Netor! Controllers .4NCs/ and
4adio Access Netor! )ase &tations
Mo!ile Bac$ha"l Services
#ac!et offload over
Carrier Ethernet
+oice carried over ,egacy 0et&or$
Pac$et data adapted or transport over CE0
Carrier
Ethernet
Netor!
'e$acy
Netor!
Non1
Ethernet
ICF
UNI Non1
Ethernet
ICF
UNI AIWF 4AN
)&
4AN
NC
AIWF
+oice
Pac$et Data
Carrier
Ethernet
Netor!
Non1
Ethernet
ICF
UNI Non1
Ethernet
ICF
UNI AIWF 4AN
)&
4AN
NC
AIWF
Em"lation over
Carrier Ethernet
CE0 em"lates the ,egacy 0et&or$ transport
,egacy MB: Migration
Carrier
Ethernet
Netor!
'e$acy
Netor!
UNI UNI 4AN
)&
4AN
NC
4AN d"al stac!
;A0 BS # ;0C s"pport:
TDM=ATM # CE
+oice traic over ,egacy
Pac$et over CE
Carrier
Ethernet
Netor!
UNI UNI 4AN
)&
4AN
NC
F"ll Ethernet
,egacy MB: Migration
%ransportin$ Carrier Ethernet
&ervices
:'ANs
M"ltiple net&or$ domains can share the same physical

net&or$ &ith no traic mixing
#rovider )rid$es
Provides separate instances o services to dierent

c"stomers 8O?3in3?P or +,A0 Stac$ing9
&ol"tion )enefits
Scala!ility !eyond Enterprise class net&or$ing
Segregation o c"stomer traic
Demarcation !et&een service provider and c"stomer

net&or$ domains
,imited data net&or$ engineering cooperation re1"ired

Payload
Ethertype
SA
DA
MAC: ..B.D<//B.c/ SA MAC: ..d.!I<E!</< DA
;#D +,A0
Finance +,A0
C4ST%ME; A
C4ST%ME; B
'EEE<.-2/
Payload
Ethertype
SA
DA
Ethertype
+'D
'EEE<.-2/1
+,A0s
Payload
Ethertype
SA
DA
Ethertype
C3+'D
Ethertype
S3+'D
'EEE<.-2/ad
Provider
Bridges
Provider Bridging <.-2/ad
B/C
Si5e o Service 'dentiier: /- !it +,A0 'D 8s"pport

or D.ED E+Cs9
E+C identiied !y S3+,A0 'D
CoS identiied !y the C3PCP is translated into the

S3PCP
M"lticast is conined to an S3+,A0 and "ses

native Ethernet capa!ility 8M"lticast MAC address9
,-CP: C3component participates in the c"stomerAs

STP) port a"thentication and=or M+;P2
Provider Bridging
'EEE <.-2/ah %vervie& 8Mac3in3Mac) or MinM9
0et&or$ +ie&
A
A
A
+'D-
+'D/ SA/
+'D- SA-
+'D/ DA/
+'D/ DA/
C"stomer Perspective
B
B
B
OsameP +,A0 'D as C"stomer A +'D/ SA/
+'D/ DA/
Service Provider Perspective 8M"lti3C"stomer9
4ni1"e Service 'D or C"stomer B
Customer B
Network
Customer A
Network
Customer B
Network
'3S'D/ DA-
'3S'D- DA/
'3S'D- SA/
'3S'D/ SA-
Customer A
Network
Provider Bac$!one Bridging <.-2/ah
Si5e o Service 'dentiier: Bac$!one Edge Bridge maps the /-3!it

S3+,A0 'D to a -D3!it '3S'D in the '3Tag 8'3S'Ds can !e re3"sed or
dierent B3+'Ds) th"s the n"m!er o service instances in PBB0 is
virt"ally "nlimited9
E+C identiied !y '3S'D
CoS is indicated !y the '3PCP
M"lticast is conined to a service instance
PBB0 assigns a m"lticast MAC address per '3S'D and "ses MM;P
to register the MAC address to Bac$!one Edge Bridges
M"lticast is then over P-P connections !et&een BEBs
There is no ,-CP handling in the PBB0) th"s giving "ll

transparency 8separation !et&een PBB0 MAC addresses and
C"stomer MAC addresses) PBB0 +,A0 'Ds and C"stomer +,A0
'Ds9
Provider Bac$!one Bridging
#rovider )ac!(one %ransport ("ilds on +53;6ah #))Ns
to achieve relia!le) deterministic) carrier3class !ehavio"r

+53;6ah $ives (ac!(one provider its on addressin$ space .MAC E :'AN/
Addresses not shared ith c"stomer .no need to learn c"stomer MACs/
and so provider is ree to "se address space as it sees it

We sa (efore that I:' sitches forard (ased on 251(it addresses
!"t their capa!ilities limited d"e to limitations o STP) looding) etc2

)"t most I:' sitches allo static FID .preconfi$"red forardin$ (ehavior/
and s"pport t"rning o learning=STP=looding=aging

We can th"s set "p p"re connection1oriented topolo$y
We can "se mana$ement .0&&/
or control plane protocols 8e2g2 ;S+P3TE9 to pop"late F'D ta!les

8'ETF @E,S=CCAMP) 'T4 @2p!t9
B+'DM/
B+'DM-
Provider Bac$!one Transport 8PBT9
Media Access Control address9 the hard1coded, $lo(ally "ni-"e
address of the physical layer device that is attached to the
netor!
:'AN ID9 a $lo(ally "ni-"e identifier of a loop free domain in
hich MAC addresses can (e flooded
&ame f"nctionality as in conventional Ethernet
No identifies a specific path thro"$h the netor! to a $iven
destination, hich is $lo(ally "ni-"e to that MAC DA
Transition: Conig"re loop ree paths instead o "sing Flooding # ,earning
+al"e: The B3+'D is reed "p to denote something elseL
Conventional Ethernet
%he )asis of #))1%E
The only change is that or&arding inormation is no longer learned !y a s&itch
!"t provided G resulting in a prescribed! predictable! pre-deterined path
B3DA
B3+'D
B3DA
B3+'D
PBB3TE Baseline Concept
PBB3TE
O(or$ing PathP
OProtect PathP
Service # 0et&or$ Management Service # 0et&or$ Management
B3DA
B3SA
Customer
Network
Customer
Network
B3+'D
D6
B3+'D
DC
'3S'D
C"stomer OAP
Type: Private ,ine
Path DependentL
#))1%E creates deterministic paths thro"$h an Ethernet netor!
T"nnels can !e "sed to provide 6.ms resilience) load sharing) path diversity
Uses Ethernet sitchC(rid$e forardin$ (ehavior, ("t t"rns some f"nctions off9
Flooding o "n$no&ns) Spanning Tree Protocol) So"rce address ,earning

Mana$ement tool sets "p connections, pop"latin$ sitch (rid$in$ ta(les
Allo&s eicient "sage o net&or$ reso"rces

%he :'AN ta$ is no lon$er a netor! $lo(al9 scalin$ iss"es are removed
+,A0 tags no& "sed to set "p per destination alternate paths
A range o +,A0s can !e "sed or !ridging 8PBB9 and another range or PBB3TE
'EEE <.-2/?ay PBB3TE
Traditional S%0ET=SD:
Payload Concatenation
0@
0@
FE
@!E
FC
FE
@!E
FC
@FP
+CAT
,CAS
@FP
+CAT
,CAS
,egacy S%0ET=SD:
)efore
After
0ext @eneration S%0ET=SD:
:eader
Payload
8varia!le length9
8predetermined
length9
@FP Frame
@eneric Framing Protocol
@FP3F: Frame mapped @eneric Framing Protocol
@FP3T: Transparent mapped @eneric Framing Protocol
Core header is scram!led !y excl"sive3%; &ith
BCABB/E. to improve @FP rame delineation
and provide s"icient !it transitions d"ring
'dle rame transmission
@FP PD4
C3D3CDc
C3D3-6Cc
C3D3/Cc
C3D3Dc A43D3Dc +C3D3Dc
A43D3/Cc +C3D3/Cc
A43D3CDc +C3D3CDc
A43D3-6Cc +C3D3-6Cc
x /
x /
x /
x /
A4@3CD
A4@3-6C
A4@3/C
A4@3D
STM3-6C
STM3CD
STM3/C
STM3D
x /
x /
x /
x /
x D
x D
x D
x D
C3D
C3B
C3-
C3/-
C3// +C3//
+C3/-
+C3-
+C3B
T4@3- T43-
STM3.
A4@3/
+C3B
T4@3B
+C3D
A43B
T43//
T43B
A43D STM3/
x /
x /
x /
x /
x /
xD
x B
x B
x I
x I
pointer processing
m"ltiplexing
aligning
mapping
x B
T43/-
SD: Contig"o"s Concatenation
+C3n3Hc transport thro"gh
a +C3n only net&or$
B-E
+irt"al Concatenation
0ot restricted to the sit"ation in &hich all the individ"al

+C3ns are contained &ithin a single M"ltiplex Section
Band&idth gran"larity) right si5ed capacity) eicient

mapping) traic scala!ility and channeli5ed high
capacity SD: interaces
Can "se protection schemes inherited rom SD: per

+C3n
's transparent to intermediate net&or$ Elements)

thereore it can !e cost eectively deployed into an
existing net&or$ &itho"t the need to "pgrade all 0Es
+CAT Beneits
' one o the +C3n o a virt"al

concatenation gro"p +C3n3Hv ails) the
&hole +C@ ails
Data transport can have a varia!le

re1"irement or !and&idth regarding the
time o the day) or the day o the &ee$
'ntrod"cing ,CAS
+CAT ,imitations
Feat"res
,ocated in the virt"al

concatenation so"rce and sin$
adaptation "nctions only
Provides a control mechanism

to increase=decrease the
capacity o a +C@ lin$
to meet the !and&idth needs

o the application
Capa!le o temporarily
removing mem!er lin$s that
have experienced a ail"re
#rere-"isites
,CAS ass"mes that it is the

responsi!ility o the 0et&or$
# Element Management
Systems to:
'nitiate capacity
'ncrease=decrease the
capacity
Constr"ction or destroy the

end3to3end path o each
+C@ mem!er
,in$ Capacity Ad*"stment Scheme
4se virt"al concatenation operation or dierential

delay compensation and de=re3constr"ction o
payload
4se a Control Pac$et to synch changes in the

so"rce 8So9 and the sin$ 8S$9
Control pac$et descri!es the state o the lin$ d"ring

the next control pac$et
Changes are sent in advance) so that the receiver

can s&itch to the ne& conig"ration as soon as it
arrives
,CAS %peration
Pream!le
Start o Frame Delimiter
Destination Address 8DA9
So"rce Address 8SA9
,ength=Type
MAC client data
Pad
Frame Chec$ Se1"ence 8FCS9
I
/
C
C
-
D
@FP
Payload
t:EC
Type
c:EC
P,'
Payload FCS
Ethernet MAC Frame @FP Frame 8&ith FCS9
-
-
-
-
D
@FP3F
@eneric Framing Proced"re 8@FP9
M"ltiprotocol s"pport: @E) Fi!re Channel) 'P
Single glo!al ind"stry standard
App2 convergence on optical connectivity
+irt"al Concatenation 8+CAT9
@ro"ping o virt"al containers to match re1"ired !and&idth
Eicient net&or$ reso"rce "tili5ation
,in$ Capacity Ad*"stment Scheme 8,CAS9
Dynamic # time3o3day !and&idth allocation
S%0ET=SD: Framing=(rapping
Connection3oriented) deterministic latency
Sec"re and resilient) s"!36.ms ailover

;o!"st # "niorm pac$et transport over glo!al standard
Simple m"lti3service adaptation 8no intermediary protocols9
Minimises capital investment 3 existing inrastr"ct"re re3"se
Simple service introd"ction 3 existing %SS practices are "sed
Ethernet over S%0ET=SD:
Ethernet rames or a partic"lar E+C are adapted !y @FP=+CAT

at so"rce node into a +C3n3Hv virt"al concatenated payload
container &hich is identiia!le !y its Path %verhead 8P%:9
This can !e carried across the SD: platorm transparently "sing

H individ"al +C3n paths
'ndivid"al paths are com!ined at the sin$ node !ac$ into +C3n3
Hv and adapted !ac$ into Ethernet rames or the partic"lar E+C
The path8s9 are pre3determined across the SD: platorm rom

so"rce to sin$ 8similar to a Pse"do (ire9
CoS mapping &ill !e done at so"rce node to ens"re the pre3

determined SD: path meets the CoS o!*ectives
'P For&arding
,ABE, S('TC:'0@
'P For&arding
'P 'P ^,/ 'P ^,- 'P ^,B 'P
MP,S: ;o"te at Edge) S&itch at Core
IE%F have developed telecomm"nications protocols for M#'&
M"ltiple la(els may (e carried (y a pac!et
%"ter la!els deining the service or application
'nner la!el identiies the path to the destination

%elecomm"nication services o"ld loo! li!e ires and so called #se"do1
Wires
'P ^,/ ^,p 'P ^,p
'P ^,- ^,p
'P ^,B ^,p 'P ^,p
'P ^,/ ^,v 'P ^,v
'P ^,- ^,v
'P ^,B ^,v 'P ^,v
MP,S Pse"do (ires
FEC M OA s"!set o pac$ets that are all treated the same &ay !y a ro"terP
The concept o FECs provides or a great deal o lexi!ility and scala!ility
'n conventional ro"ting) a pac$et is assigned to an FEC at each hop 8i2e2 ,B

loo$3"p9) in MP,S it is only done once at the net&or$ ingress2
Pac$ets are destined or dierent address preixes) !"t can !e
mapped to common path
Pac$ets are destined or dierent address preixes) !"t can !e
mapped to common path
'P/
'P-
'P/
'P-
,S; ,S;
,E;
,E;
,SP
'P/ ^,/
'P- ^,/
'P/ ^,-
'P- ^,-
'P/ ^,B
'P- ^,B
For&arding E1"ivalence Class
^C/-
ÊCB
^6
^B//
^/D
ÊE
^DC-
3 A +anilla ,SP is act"ally part o a tree rom every so"rce
to that destination 8"nidirectional92
3 +anilla ,DP !"ilds that tree "sing existing 'P or&arding
ta!les to ro"te the control messages2
ÊCB
^/D
ÊE
^B//
^B//
^B//
^-/C
,a!el S&itched Path 8+anilla9
DI2/
DI2-
DI2B
/
-
B
/
-
B
/
-
B
Destination !ased or&arding ta!les as !"ilt !y %SPF) 'S3'S) ;'P) etc2

MP,S is B"ilt on Standard 'P ;o"ting
Dest %"t
DI2/ /
DI2- -
DI2B B
Dest %"t
DI2/ /
DI2- -
DI2B B
Dest %"t
DI2/ /
DI2- -
DI2B B
DI2/
DI2-
DI2B
/
-
B
/
-
/
-
B
B
Mapping: .2D.
;e1"est: DI2/
M
a
p
p
in
g
:

.
2
6
.
;
e
1
"
e
s
t
:

D
I
2
/
MP,S ,a!el Distri!"tion
'nt
'n
,a!el
'n
Dest 'nt
%"t
B .2D. DI2/ /
'nt
'n
,a!el
'n
Dest 'nt
%"t
,a!el
%"t
B .26. DI2/ / .2D.
'nt
'n
Dest 'nt
%"t
,a!el
%"t
B DI2/ / .26.
DI2/
DI2-
DI2B
/
-
B
/
-
/
-
B
B
'P DI2/2/2/
'P DI2/2/2/
,a!el S&itched Path
'nt
'n
,a!el
'n
Dest 'nt
%"t
B .2D. DI2/ /
'nt
'n
,a!el
'n
Dest 'nt
%"t
,a!el
%"t
B .26. DI2/ / .2D.
'nt
'n
Dest 'nt
%"t
,a!el
%"t
B DI2/ / .26.
DI2/
DI2-
DI2B
/
-
B
/
-
/
-
B
B
'P DI2/2/2/
'P DI2/2/2/
A
B
C
D
E
F
E;3,SP ollo&s ro"te that so"rce chooses2 'n other
&ords) the control message to esta!lish the ,SP
8la!el re1"est9 is source routed2
Explicitly ;o"ted ,SP 8E;3,SP9
'nt
'n
,a!el
'n
Dest 'nt
%"t
B .2D. DI2/ /
'nt
'n
,a!el
'n
Dest 'nt
%"t
,a!el
%"t
B .26. DI2/ / .2D.
'nt
'n
Dest 'nt
%"t
,a!el
%"t
B DI2/2/ - /2BB
B DI2/ / .26.
Advantages:
%perator has ro"ting lexi!ility

8policy3!ased) ?oS3!ased9
Can "se ro"tes other than

shortest path
Can comp"te ro"tes !ased on

constraints in exactly the same
manner as ATM !ased on
distri!"ted topology data!ase2
8traic engineering9
E;3,SP +ariations:
C;3,DP 8_depracated9
,DP U Explicit ;o"te
;S+P
;S+P U Explicit ;o"te U

Scala!ility extensions
E;3,SP
Traic Engineering
,ayer B ;o"ting Traic Engineered ,SP
So"rce
Destination
+P0s
Site -
Site B
Site /
Site /
Site B
Site -
CPE
CPE
CPE
PE PE
PE
P
P
P
P
P
PE
+;F
+;F
+;F
+;F
+;F
CPE
CPE
CPE
+;F
+;F: +P0 ;o"ter=For&arder
Traditional MP,S Applications
%raditional M#'& s"pports pac!et & cell sitchin$
E,tends M#'& to s"pport m"ltiple sitchin$ types
TDM s&itching 8SD:=S%0ET9
(avelength s&itching 8,am!da9
Physical port s&itching 8Fi!er9

#eer model
Uses e,istin$ and evolvin$ technolo$y
Facilitates parallel evol"tion in the I# and optical transmission domains
Enhances service provider reven"es
0e& service creation
Faster provisioning
%perational eiciencies
@eneralised MP,S 8@MP,S9
4ed"ces the level of man"al confi$"ration
Inp"t to C&#F
Path perormance constraints
;eso"rce availa!ility
Topology inormation
8incl"ding FA3,SPs9
0"tp"t
Explicit ro"te or @MP,S signaling

Extended '@P
;S+P Signaling
Explicit ;o"te
4ser
Constraints
;o"ting Ta!le
Traic Engineering
Data!ase 8TED9
Constrained Shortest
Path First 8CSPF9
Constraint3!ased ;o"ting
E;3,SP Set"p "sing C;3,DP
E;3,SP Set"p "sing ;S+P
+P(S
A ,ayer - +P0
service
Point3to3Point
connectivity
!et&een c"stomer
sites
Em"lating the
native layer -
service
ATM
F;
Ethernet
ATM
F;
Ethernet
ATM
F;
Ethernet
,ayer - connections
em"lated !y Service Provider
+irt"al Private (ire Service 8+P(S9
P(/
P(-
Provider
Edge /
Provider
Edge -
C"stomer
Edge /
C"stomer
Edge -
PS0
PS0 T"nnel
Pse"do (ire
Em"lated Service
0ative Service 0ative Service
Pse"do (ire ;eerence Model
Payload
Encaps"lation
P( Dem"ltiplexer
PS0 Convergence
PS0
Data3,in$
Physical
Payload Convergence
Timing
Se1"encing
Encaps"lation
For path across ,SPs: T"nnel ,a!el
P( ,a!el: Pse"do (ire ,a!el
'dentiies the Pse"do (ire and the corresponding egress PE
't is a -.3!it identiier
S3+,A0 'D maps to this 'dentiier
Encaps"lation or MP,S 0et&or$s
MP,S +P(S
Si5e o service identiier: P( ,a!el M -. !its
/ million service instances
E+C is associated &ith a speciic P(
CoS is mapped to the Traic Class 8TC9

ield 8ormerly EHP9 o MP,S la!el
M"lticast is not s"pported

+P,S
's a ,- m"ltipoint
+P0 allo&ing
m"ltiple sites to !e
connected in a
single !ridged
domain over a
providers 'P=MP,S
net&or$
All c"stomer sites in

a +P,S instance
appear to !e on the
same ,A0
regardless o their
location
+P,S over MP,S
C"stomer Edge 8CE9
A ro"ter or s&itch
%&ned # managed !y
c"stomer or provider
Connects to the PE via

an attachment circ"it
Ass"med to !e
Ethernet in the case o
+P,S
MP,S
'nterconnects the PEs
Provider Edge 8PE9
(here the +P0

intelligence resides
(here the +P,S

originates # terminates
(here t"nnels are set

"p to connect to other
PEs
M"st !e capa!le o
MAC learning and
!ridging on a per +P,S
!asis
+P,S Components
+P,S ;eerence Model
+B
+B
+B
+B
+B
+B
Pse"do&ire
MP,S T"nnel
PE/
PE-
PEB
+irt"al
Bridge
MP,S
CE/
CE-
CEB
CED
CE6
CEC
CEI
Attachment
Circ"it
#E6 to #E39 For &vc1id 656 Use #W la(el pe 316
+B
+B
+B
PE/
PE-
PEB
M/
M-
MB
MD
pe -3/
pe /3-
pe B3-
pe -3B
pe /3B
pe B3/
Targeted ,DP session
B P(s need to !e created each consisting o
a pair o "nidirectional ,SPs or virt"al connections2
P( la!el signalling "ses ,DP
Pse"do&ire Signalling
+B
+B
+B
PE/
PE-
PEB
M/
M-
MB
MD
/=/=-:.
/=/=-:.
/=/=/:/..
/=/=/:-..
&vc1id
656
MAC 'ocation Mappin$
MB ,ocal /=/=-:.
&vc1id
656
MB ;emote
T"nnel to
PE -
&vc1id
656
MB ;emote
T"nnel to
PE -
Pac$et sent rom MB to M/
F'B
F'B
F'B
+P,S ,earning
+B
+B
+B
PE/
PE-
PEB
M/
M-
MB
MD
/=/=-:.
/=/=-:.
/=/=/:/..
/=/=/:-..
DA SA <.-2/1 Payload FCS
DA SA <.-2/1 Payload FCS
DAA SAA
T"nnel
,a!el
P(
,a!el
DA SA <.-2/1 Payload FCSA
+P,S Pac$et Format
+B
+B
+B
PE/
PE-
PEB
M/
M-
MB
MD
/=/=-:.
/=/=-:.
/=/=/:/..
/=/=/:-..
&vc1id
656
MB ,ocal /=/=-:.
M/ ;emote
T"nnel to
PE /
&vc1id
656
MB ;emote
T"nnel to
PE -
M/ ,ocal /=/=/:/..
&vc1id
656
MB ;emote
T"nnel to
PE -
;eply &ith Pac$et sent rom M/ to MB
F'B
F'B
F'B
+P,S Pac$et For&arding
MP,S +P,S
Si5e o service identiier: -. !its
E+C is identiied !y S3+,A0 'D &hich identiies

a +irt"al S&itch 'nstance 8+S'9 per +,A0
represented !y virt"al Channel 'dentiier
CoS rom PCP ield is mapped to TC ield o

la!el
M"lticast is done at the edge PE over all P(s

associated &ith the +,A0 instance and on all
local ports associated &ith the +,A0
MP,S3TP
MP,S Transport Proile
A simpliied version o MP,S or transport

net&or$s &ith some MP,S "nctionality t"rned o
Pen"ltimate :op Popping 8P:P9
,a!el S&itched Paths merge
E1"al Cost M"ltipath
't does not re1"ire MP,S control plane capa!ilities
B"t ena!les the management plane to set"p ,SPs

man"ally
Provides s"pport or enhanced %AM

MP,S or&arding plane &ith restrictions
Connection3oriented paths:
Pre3deined Main # Bac$"p Paths
P(EB Pse"do (ire architect"re
S"pporting "nidirectional P-P # P-MP ,SPs) !idirectional P-P

,SPs
Control plane: static=dynamic @MP,S
Enhanced %AM "nctionality
%AM monitors and triggers protection s&itching
4se o a @eneric Associated Channel 8@3ACh9 to s"pport

FCAPS
MP,S3TP s"pports E3,ine) E3,A0 # E3Tree_ services

Feat"res o MP,S3TP
_ 0ot "lly s"pported yet
Storage
Ethernet
+ideo
S%0ET=SD:
Single and m"lti3channel interaces
or any digital payload: 'P) Ethernet)
Storage) S%0ET=SD:
'ntegrated Perormance
Monitoring
@CC or %AM#P
comm"nications
,/ 8(9
,- 8P9
'ncreased availa!ility &ith
(A0 acility A"tomatic
Protection S&itching 8APS9
Extended reach and
improved thro"ghp"t
&ith For&ard Error
Correction 8FEC9
B
i
t
3
e
r
r
o
r

r
a
t
e
Signal3to3noise ratio
FEC
0o FEC
M"lti3Service Delivery) Extended ;each) 'ntegrated Protection and Management
%00' 'nterace deinition
@2I.E %ptical Transport Mod"le
%Ch %ptical channel &ith "ll
"nctionality
%D4$ %ptical channel Data 4nit3$
%C@ %ptical Carrier @ro"p
%MS3%: %ptical M"ltiplex Section
%verhead
%P4$ %ptical channel Payload 4nit3$
%TM %ptical Transport Mod"le
%TS %ptical Transmission Section
%T4$ completely standardi5ed %ptical
channel Transport 4nit3$
%ptical Transport 0et&or$ 8%T09
Ethernet rames associated &ith a partic"lar E+C

&ill !e adapted at the so"rce "sing @FP and then
mapped into an %P4 $ client payload
This &ill !e transmitted over a pre3determined path

rom so"rce to sin$2
At the sin$) adaptation &ill occ"r to retrieve the

Ethernet rames associated &ith the E+C
The CoS &ill !e "sed to determine the

re1"irements o the optical path rom so"rce to sin$
Ethernet over %T0
Wavelen$th Division M"ltiple,in$
Allos the com(ination of m"ltiple optical si$nals onto a sin$le fi(er pair
Increases physical fi(er netor! capacity from 65A to Nvirt"al fi(erO ith perhaps 835A capacity
4e-"ires Navelen$th translationO to different fre-"encies to eliminate channel collisions
Fle,i(ility to addCdrop sin$le andCor $ro"ps of avelen$ths ith different filters
Dense WDM .DWDM/ hi$h1capacity for hi$her1$roth ith lon$er spans
Coarse WDM .CWDM/ cost effective sol"tion for short fi(er spans over e,istin$ fi(er
!""nm
!""nm
!""nm
#
Trans$on%er &C'ient Inter(ace)
C'ient Si*na' Communications &T"+R")
,ave'en*th Trans'ation -.nm !"" nm
,AN Si*na' Communications &T"+R")
/u"$on%er &C'ient Inter(ace)
N0 C'ient Si*na' Communications &T"+R")
,ave'en*th Trans'ation -.nm !"" nm
,AN Si*na' Communications &T"+R")
Reach E"tension
Am$'i(ication 1 2is$ersion Com$ensation
2e$'oye% 3hen re4uire% &2,2/ on'y)
!""nm
!""nm
!""nm
#
Net3or5 /u'ti$'e"in*-2emu'ti$'e"in*
Combines an% se$arates !"" nm ,AN Si*na's
6an%-base% an% 7A2/ o$tions
(DM
'n a (DM system) m"ltiple &avelengths are

transmitted along a single i!re2
These individ"al &avelengths can !e split

o"t to individ"al nodes2
An E+C can !e mapped to a partic"lar

&avelength and th"s maintain separation
!et&een E+Cs
Pre3determined paths are "sed in (DM

Ethernet over (DM
Topology
EEPP A,0P
MP-MP
Protection
,A@
MEF Protection Mechanism
ET: ,ayer
Topology
EEPP A,0P
MP-MP
Protection
,A@
MEF Protection Mechanism
T;A0S ,ayer
MEF Protection ;eerence Model
40' Protection:
Sho"ld !e s"pported at the 40'30 and 40'3C
Mechanism: ,in$ Aggregation
At least - lin$s in the ,in$ Aggregation @ro"p

8,A@9
/ lin$ ActiveK / lin$ Stand!y
,in$ Aggregation across m"ltiple line cards

sho"ld !e s"pported
,ACP sho"ld !e s"pported
' not some other method sho"ld !e "sed

MEF Protection at the 40'
An E+C o an Ethernet service &ith an S,S that

re1"ires protection M4ST !e protected along all
ET:3trails rom &hich it is comprised
End3to3End service protection may !e implemented

"sing m"ltiple mechanisms along the lo& path
Protection can apply at !oth the ET: layer and the

T;A0S ,ayer
The protection scheme m"st protect each o the

net&or$ reso"rces &ithin the net&or$ topology
thro"gh &hich traic o that E+C lo&s
MEF Protection o the E+C=%+C
(hen there are - or more lin$s in an E00') an

E00'30i m"st !e capa!le o implementing ,in$
Aggregation
(ith / ,in$ Aggregation @ro"p 8,A@9 across the

ports s"pporting an instance o E00'
(ith / lin$ activeK / lin$ in stand!y mode
(hen ,in$ Aggregation is "sed at the E00') ,ACP

m"st !e "sed !y each E00'30i
%perators may elect to "se an alternative protection

mechanism at a given E00' !y m"t"al agreement
MEF Protection at the E00'
MEF Protection ;e1"irements
4e-"irements
#rotection sitchin$ times;
Fail"re detection re-"irements
#rotection reso"rce allocation
re-"irements
%opolo$y re-"irements
Fail"re notification re-"irements
4estoration and revertiveness
re-"irements
%ransparency for end "ser
&ec"rity re-"irements
End1to1End #rotection &'&
Connectivity restoration time
S"! 6.msec
S"! -..msec
S"! - sec
S"! 6 sec
#rotection type
/U/
/:/
/:n
m:/
m:n
4evertive or non1revertive mode
4eversion time
De$rade condition threshold .e,9 pac!et loss/
<o& preservation
Impairment
Instant
Fa"lt
Detection
Instant
>old10ff
Instant
Connectivity
4estoration
Instant
&'&
4estoration
Instant
Detection
Time
:old3%
Time
Connectivity ;estoration Time
S,S ;estoration Time
4eversion
Instant
Protection Timing ;elationships
/U/: "ses the protection reso"rce to send a replica o

the traic
m:n: provides m protection reso"rces or n &or$ing

reso"rces
+ariations:
/:/
n:/: provides n protection reso"rces or one &or$ing

reso"rce
/:n: provides one protection reso"rce or n &or$ing

reso"rces
m:n: &here m is the n"m!er o protection

reso"rces) n is the n"m!er o traic
reso"rces
Protection Types
A$$re$ated 'ine and Node #rotection .A'N#/
Provides protection against local lin$ and node ail"re !y "sing local path
deto"r mechanisms
S"pports /:/ # /:n
End1to1End #ath #rotection .EE##/
Provides a red"ndant end3to3end path or the primary path
S"pports /U/) /:/) # /:n
M#3M# protection for E1'AN services
Split :ori5on !ridging &ith "ll mesh connectivity
Spanning Tree=;apid Spanning Tree
,in$ ;ed"ndancy
'in! #rotection (ased on 'in! A$$re$ation
Allo&s one or more Ethernet lin$s connecting the same t&o nodes to !e
aggregated into a ,in$ Aggregation @ro"p
MEF Protection Mechanisms
0E 0E 0E 0E
0E
0E
,ocal Deto"r
Path /
,ocal Deto"r
Path -
Primary
Path
Aggregated ,ine # 0ode Protection
End3to3End Path Protection
Provides a red"ndant end3to3end path or the primary path
Can !e "sed to a"gment A,0P 8as ill"strated9

0E 0E 0E 0E
0E
0E
,ocal Deto"r
Path /
,ocal Deto"r
Path -
Primary
Path
0E 0E
Secondary
Path
Protection in M"ltipoint to M"ltipoint
4sed or MP-MP protection o

Ethernet services or transport
Can operate at:
ET: layer
T;A0S layer
Each rame received !y a

Bridge entity on an access lin$
is or&arded to one) all) or some
o the other Bridge entities
Frames received !y a Bridge

rom a logical connection are
or&arded only to access lin$s
S"icient protection o MP-MP

service as long as each o the
logical connections connecting
Bridge entities is protected
Bridge Bridge
Bridge Bridge
Access ,in$s
STP=;STP
Provides protection in a net&or$ in &hich:
Bridge entities are connected in a partial mesh
Each !ridge entity perorms <.-2/D compliant

!ridging !et&een the lin$s and logical connections2
<.-2/D re1"ires all lin$s to !e !i3directional
STP=;STP creates a spanning tree o logical

connections that participate in the !ridged net&or$
BPD4s may !e:
Processed at the 40'
T"nnelled !y the service
Discarded at the 40'

Ethernet lin$s are ormed into a ,in$ Aggregation

@ro"p 8,A@9
't !ehaves as a single logical lin$
Frames are distri!"ted over the lin$s
' a single physical lin$ ails) the nodes redistri!"te the

traic over the remaining lin$s
The order o rames or each session is maintained

0E 0E
,in$ Aggregation
Ethernet Protection S&itching
Similar to S%0ET=SD: APS) !"t more general in its

capa!ilities
@2<.B/ can:
protect a lin$ !et&een t&o ad*acent nodes "sing a protection

lin$
protect a point3to3point +,A0 !et&een t&o nodes in a net&or$

"sing a protection +,A0
S"pports:
/U/ 4nidirectional Protection S&itching
/U/ Bidirectional Protection S&itching
/:/ Bidirectional Protection S&itching

'T43T @2<.B/ Standard
/U/ 4nidirectional:
Each node sends pac$ets on !oth lin$s) receive node decides &hich lin$ to
receive pac$ets rom !ased on certain criteria2 0o signalling message is
re1"ired across the lin$
/U/ Bidirectional:
Transmit as a!ove2 Both nodes select the same lin$ to receive pac$ets
8&or$ing lin$ or protection lin$92 Signalling messages !et&een the nodes is
re1"ired2
/:/ Protection:
Traic is sent do&n only the &or$ing lin$ # is s&itched to the other lin$ on
ail"re2 8Bidirectional92 Signalling messages are re1"ired
Each !ridge has an APS process that

determines:
&here each transmit pac$et sho"ld

!e sent
(hich lin$ to "se to receive

pac$ets
APS messages are sent !et&een the

nodes
@2<.B/ :o& it &or$s
Ethernet ;ing Protection S&itching
Similar approach to operation as Spanning Tree

Protocol 8STP9
%ne lin$ is designated as:
;ing Protection ,in$ 8;P,9
An ;P, %&ner is declared
'ts ;oot Port 8;P9 associated &ith the ;P, is !loc$ed
Fail"re detection is signalled to the ;P, %&ner
4n!loc$s the ;P onto the ;P,

'T43T @2<.B- Standard
@2<.B- :o& it &or$s
Man"al conig"ration:
Each !ridge is conig"red

&ith its ;ing Ports 8;P9
%ne lin$ is declared the

;ing Protection ,in$
8;P,9
%ne node that connects

to the ;P, is declared
the ;P, %&ner
;P, %&ner !loc$s its

port connected to the
;P, to !rea$ the loop
'nitial ;ing State
/2 Fail"re occ"rs
-2 %ne or !oth ad*acent nodes
detect the ail"re
B2 Ad*acent nodes !loc$ their
;P
D2 Ad*acent nodes send a
ail"re message aro"nd the
ring to indicate a ail"re has
occ"rred
62 ;P, %&ner "n!loc$s its
;P, ;P and traic is
restored
Fail"re ;ecovery
@2<.B- :o& it &or$s
A
C
B
D
E
F
#rimary '&# from A to E
Confi$"red on in$ress ro"ter only
Used ith 4&:#1%E
Deto"rs aro"nd node or lin! fail"re
`/.s or ms or small n"m!ers o /..s or ms rero"te time

Deto"r paths immediately availa(le
Allo&s or "ocal Repair o an MP,S t"nnel

Cran!1(ac! to node, not in$ress ro"ter
Uses %raffic En$ineerin$ Data(ase .%ED/ to calc"late deto"r
MP,S Fast ;ero"te Example
Ena(le fast rero"te on in$ress
A creates deto"r aro"nd B
B creates deto"r aro"nd C
C creates deto"r aro"nd D

A
D
C
B
E
F
) to C lin! fails
B immediately deto"rs aro"nd C
B signals to A that ail"re occ"rred

A
D
C
B
E
F
&hort1term &ol"tion
A calc"lates and si$nals ne primary path
A
D
C
B
E
F
'on$1term &ol"tion
;P; >ey Feat"res
A"tomatic congestion management
Service classes vs2 priority
Fair access to the ring
Topology and conig"ration discovery
Simple) a"tomatic operation
Provides pl"g3and3play
Advanced protection scheme
M"ltiple methods rom one scheme
Ta$es advantage o predetermined topology
Spatial ;e"se
For ro"ted and !ridged net&or$s

M"lti3P:F
P:F 8transport9 agnostic
4ses Ethernet P:F) S%0ET P:F)

or SD: P:F
Same !ehavior regardless o

"nderlying physical layer
Additional P:Fs easy

Ethernet Transport ;ing
Ethernet rames travel thro"gh ;P; ring "nchanged

't is re1"ently said that ;P; is t&ice as eicient as EoS
ho& co"ld that !e tr"e7
;P; has inherent spatial re3"se
Slots in S%0ET=SD: rings are typically not re3"sed
d"e to management complexity

slot "sed
In &D> data remains in
slot H removed (y
ori$inator
)W
"sed
In 4#4 )W re"sed if
possi(le
T&ice as eicient as Ethernet over S%0ET
Carrier Ethernet Access
%echnolo$ies
"S#$ C%&'e
(t)er*et User to Network I*ter+%ce
,UNI- (t)er*et Network to Network I*ter+%ce
,NNI-
COAX
Direct Fiber
WDM
Fiber
DS3/E3
B
o
n
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e
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C
o
p
p
e
r
Bonded
T1/E1
C%rrier
TDM
(t)er*e
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(t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
t (t)er*e
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(t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
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(t)er*e
t
Direct Fiber
SONET/
SDH
PON
Fiber
(t)er*e
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C%rrier .
(t)er*e
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#
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Access Technologies
"S#$ C%&'e
,NNI-
COAX
Direct Fiber
WDM
Fiber
DS3/E3
B
o
n
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C
o
p
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e
r
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T1/E1
C%rrier
TDM
(t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
t (t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
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SONET/
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PON
Fiber
(t)er*e
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(t)er*e
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#
e
(t)er*e
t
Direct Fiber
C%rrier .
(t)er*e
t
Ethernet over Direct Fi!er
NID
Demarcation
'on$est Distance
-
Distance "p to /D. >m &ith no !and&idth loss
>i$hest )andidth Capacity
-
Band&idth Capacity o /.. M!ps) / @!ps) /. @!ps)
D. @!ps) and more2
-
(DM ena!les m"ltiple data streams per i!er lin$
&ec"rity
-
Physically sec"re medi"m &ith no EMF
emissionK nearly impossi!le to tap lines
&cala(ility
-
E+C = E3,ine = E3,A0 "sing ?3in3? +,A0
-
:igh capacity ena!les rate limiting tiered services
4elia(ility
3 Protection &ith red"ndant lin$s # resilient rings
3 %AM perormance monitoring # a"lt notiication
&ec"re &ervice Mana$ement
-
<.-2Bah %AM 'P3less management # provisioning
-
0'Ds provide sec"rely managed demarcation
Central 0ffice
M"lti1C"stomer
NID Demarcation
Ethernet over Direct Fi!er
"S#$ C%&'e
,NNI-
COAX
Direct Fiber
DS3/E3
B
o
n
d
e
d

C
o
p
p
e
r
Bonded
T1/E1
C%rrier
TDM
(t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
t (t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
t
Direct Fiber
SONET/
SDH
PON
Fiber
(t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
t
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"
#
e
(t)er*e
t
WDM
Fiber
(t)er*e
t
C%rrier .
Ethernet over (DM Fi!er
F"t"re #roof
-
(avelength division m"ltiplexing 8(DM9 ena!les
m"ltiple data streams 8&avelengths9 per i!er lin$
-
C(DM s"pports "p to /< &avelengths per i!er
access lin$) more &ith D(DM
-
Add=Drop m"ltiplexers provide ne& access points !y
splicing into the (DM i!er lin$
Cost Effective
-
'ncrease i!er access capacity and minimi5e
installation o ne& i!er lin$s
-
Small orm pl"gga!le transceivers) m"ltiplexers
and media converters ena!le (DM &avelengths
&ith existing inrastr"ct"re e1"ipment
&cala(ility
-
?"ic$ly implement ne& i!er access &ith
o3the3shel hard&are
-
(avelengths can deliver dierent net&or$ protocols
to mix Ethernet and TDM services over one i!er lin$
Central 0ffice
Direct Fi(er
AddCDrop
M"ltiple,er
M"ltiple,er
#3# WDM
Fi(er Access
WDM 4in$
AddCDrop
M"ltiple,er
Direct Fi(er
NID
Ethernet over (DM Fi!er
,NNI-
WDM
Fiber
DS3/E3
B
o
n
d
e
d

C
o
p
p
e
r
Bonded
T1/E1
C%rrier
TDM
(t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
t
Direct Fiber
SONET/
SDH
PON
Fiber
(t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
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P
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i
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"
#
e
(t)er*e
t
COAX
(t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
t
C%rrier .
"S#$ C%&'e
Direct Fiber
Ethernet over :FC 8Fi!er=Coax9
Ca(le "ses a >y(rid Fi(er Coa, .>FC/ netor!
0et&or$ extends i!er to a node
Coax is "sed or lo&er !and&idth sites &hile i!er is still "sed or large !and&idth sites
Coax3ed and i!er3ed sites are integrated into a single net&or$

Cost effective alternative to Fi(er
4p to /.. M!ps &ith D%CS'S B2. implementation 3 scala!le in / M!ps increments

%ypical C"stomer is 4e$ional )"siness, M"lti1site, Internet1heavy
Alternative to 'e$acy %echnolo$ies A%M, Frame 4elay, %6
%ypical Applications
Branch oice interconnectivity
Dedicated 'nternet access
Disaster recovery = !"siness contin"ity
Distance learning
PACS images
A"tomatic teller machine 8ATM9
Sec"rity cameras
Point o sale 8P%S9
Tele&or$er = remote employees

Carrier
Ethernet
Netor!
Ethernet Ed$e
A$$re$ator
F
i
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r
C
o
a,
F
i
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Node
Ethernet over :FC 8Fi!er=Coax9
"S#$ C%&'e
,NNI-
COAX
Direct Fiber
WDM
Fiber
DS3/E3
Bonded
T1/E1
C%rrier
TDM
(t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
t (t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
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(t)er*e
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(t)er*e
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Direct Fiber
SONET/
SDH
PON
Fiber
(t)er*e
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(t)er*e
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(t)er*e
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#
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(t)er*e
t
B
o
n
d
e
d

C
o
p
p
e
r
(t)er*e
t
C%rrier .
Ethernet over Bonded Copper
Copper #airs are )onded to Create a &in$le Ethernet #ipe
,ong reach -BASE3T, delivers a minim"m o - M!ps "sing @2S:DS,
Short reach /.PASS3TS delivers a minim"m o /. M!ps over +DS,

'evera$es E,istin$ Copper to Fill Fi(er Aap
%nly --X o 4S and /6X o E"ropean

!"sinesses have access to i!er
0early /..X o !"sinesses have eno"gh

copper pairs to get "p to /.. M!ps
Fast &ervice %"rn Up, Fast #ay )ac!
Deploys in days or &ee$s
;e1"ires minimal CapEx

>i$h )andidth and 4elia(ility
4p to /.x more !and&idth than legacy copper sol"tions
Pair ailover capa!ility ens"res i!er service level

agreements are met or exceeded
Ena(les U(i-"ito"s &ervice 0fferin$s
Provides services o"t to reaches that cover

ma*ority o providersA serving area
Carrier
Ethernet
Netor!
Ethernet
0ver
)onded
Copper
#t1to1
M"ltipoint
Ethernet over
Copper &helf
Ethernet
0ver
)onded
Copper
Ethernet over Bonded Copper
"S#$ C%&'e
,NNI-
COAX
Direct Fiber
WDM
Fiber
B
o
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C
o
p
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(t)er*e
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(t)er*e
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(t)er*e
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(t)er*e
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(t)er*e
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Direct Fiber
SONET/
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Fiber
(t)er*e
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#
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(t)er*e
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TDM
(t)er*e
t
Bonded
T1/E1
C%rrier .
DS3/E3
C%rrier
(t)er*e
t
Ethernet over PD:
U(i-"ito"s Access
T/ and E/ circ"its are "niversally availa!le)

even &hen i!er is not
0o distance limitations
4apid service t"rn1"p
,everages existing inrastr"ct"re
(ell "nderstood provisioning and !illing or

o3net applications
Fle,i(le and resilient (ondin$
Service stays "p even i one lin$ !rea$s
Add and delete lin$s hitlessly

Carrier
Ethernet
Netor!
Ethernet Ed$e
A$$re$ator EoN,%6 EDD
Availa(le &ervice )andidth &tandard Encaps"lation
%echnolo$ies
&tandard Circ"it
)ondin$ %echnolo$ies
Ethernet over %6CE6 6;7 M(ps "p to 62 M(ps .ith
(ondin$/
###, AF#, >D'C, A;@@+;3 M'###, #D> :CA%
A;@@+;3
Ethernet over D&8CE8 8* M(ps "p to 685 M(ps .ith
(ondin$/
K;+2, AF#, A;@@+;3 #D> :CA%, A@@3;3, 'AA
N, %6CE6
D&8CE8
Ethernet over PD:
"S#$ C%&'e
,UNI-
(t)er*et Network to Network I*ter+%ce
,NNI-
COAX
Direct Fiber
WDM
Fiber
DS3/E3
B
o
n
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C
o
p
p
e
r
Bonded
T1/E1
C%rrier
TDM
(t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
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(t)er*e
t (t)er*e
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(t)er*e
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(t)er*e
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(t)er*e
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(t)er*e
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Direct Fiber
SONET/
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#
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(t)er*e
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PON
Fiber
(t)er*e
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(t)er*e
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(t)er*e
t
C%rrier .
Ethernet over P%0
#0N &implifies )"siness #ar! Covera$e
-
/ Fi!er strand is split at !"siness par$s
-
Splitters: pole mo"nted or on ca!les
-
Passive splitter serve m"ltiple %0Ts
-
%0T can !e mo"nted o"tside
-
P%0 prevents i!er exha"st
-
?"ic$ ne& c"stomer adds
0#EK &avin$s & 'oest first cost
-
;emote %0T activation
-
Each %0T serves m"ltiple drops
-
Minimal o"tside plant maintenance
-
0o po&er or permits needed
-
Aorda!le OManaged 40'P demar$
Em(edded &ervice 'ayerin$
-
E3,A0s
-
T/ # E/ !ac$ha"l ports
-
'P3P%TS ports
Central
0ffice
&
i
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l
e

F
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&
t
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a
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Ethernet
Metro Core
0N%
0N%
0N%
0'%
Ethernet
Passive Fi!er Splitter
0N%
%ptical 0et&or$ Terminal 8CPE9 40'
0ptical 'ine %erminal
Ethernet over P%0
"S#$ C%&'e
,NNI-
COAX
Direct Fiber
WDM
Fiber
DS3/E3
B
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C
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p
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T1/E1
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TDM
(t)er*e
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(t)er*e
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(t)er*e
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(t)er*e
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PON
Fiber
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#
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(t)er*e
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(t)er*e
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SONET/
SDH
C%rrier .
4apid service t"rn1"p
,everages existing e1"ipment and i!er plant
4!i1"ito"s availa!ility &orld &ide
(ell "nderstood provisioning and !illing or o3

net applications
Ethernet ena!le on3net !"ildings

>i$hly resilient and sec"re service
S"!36.ms resiliency
Sec"re m"lti3tenant services
,egacy TDM circ"its s"pported natively

Fle,i(le (andidth options
%C3B=STM/ "p to %C3/E-=STMCD physical
S"!3rate and 0x %C=STM are availa!le &ith

+CAT !onding
Carrier
Ethernet
Netor!
Availa(le &ervice
)andidth
&tandard Encaps"lation
%echnolo$ies
&tandard Circ"it )ondin$
%echnolo$ies
Ethernet over
&0NE%C&D>
677 M(ps "p to 6 A(ps
.ith (ondin$/
K;+2, AF# :CA%, 'AA
0CC&%M
0CC&%M
AddCDrop
M"ltiple,er
AddCDrop
M"ltiple,er
Eo& )o,
M"lti1tenant
Eo& )o,
"S#$ C%&'e
,UNI-
(t)er*et Network to Network I*ter+%ce
,NNI-
COAX
Direct Fiber
WDM
Fiber
DS3/E3
B
o
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d
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C
o
p
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T1/E1
C%rrier
TDM
(t)er*e
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(t)er*e
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(t)er*e
t (t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
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(t)er*e
t
Direct Fiber
SONET/
SDH
PON
Fiber
(t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
t
(t)er*e
t
C%rrier .
P
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#
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(t)er*e
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Ethernet over Pac$et Micro&ave
#ac!et Microave %echnolo$y
G Cost eective sol"tion
G ;apid service deployment to virt"ally any site
G 'ndependent o existing &ired inrastr"ct"re
Deployment &cenarios
G Complementary and alternative to access
and aggregation i!er net&or$s
G Mo!ile Bac$ha"l net&or$s
G 4sed in greenield deployments)
or net&or$ expansion and=or "pgrades
G Typically "sed re1"ency !ands rom C to D. @:5
G Distances o several /..m "p to /6.$m and more
Carrier Arade %echnolo$y
G Mat"re) &idely deployed sol"tions
G Scala!le thro"ghp"t "p to several @!ps
G Esta!lished radio planning and dimensioning
methods or highest availa!ility re1"irements
Carrier
Ethernet
Netor!
Carrier
Ethernet
Netor!
4ser to 0et&or$ 'nterace 840'9
0et&or$ to 0et&or$ 'nterace 800'9
Ethernet over Pac$et Micro&ave
Access Method &peed
Ethernet over Active Fi!er /. M!ps) /.. M!ps) / @!ps) /. @!ps) D. @!ps and a!ove
Ethernet over P%0
/ @!ps &ith EP%0
/2-6 @!ps "pstream # -26 @!ps do&nstream &ith @P%0
/66 M!ps to / @!ps
Ethernet over :FC=D%CS'S
4p to /.. M!ps &ith D%CS'S B2.
Ethernet over DS,
Minim"m o - M!ps "sing @2S:DS,
Minim"m o /. M!ps over +DS,
4p to /.. M!ps
Ethernet over T/=E/
/26 M!ps to /C M!ps &ith !onding
Ethernet over DSB=EB
BD M!ps to /B. M!ps &ith !onding
Ethernet over Pac$et Micro&ave / M!ps to R/@!ps
Access Method and Speed
Carrier Ethernet
Access Method
%echnolo$y Applica(le &tandards
Fi!er
Ethernet over Active Fi!er 'EEE <.-2B3-..6
T43T H2<C encaps"lation
'T43T @2I.I and @2I.DB 8@FP3+CAT9
Ethernet over Passive %ptical
0et&or$
'EEE <.-2B3-..6 8EP%09
'EEE <.-2Bav 8/.@EP%09
'T43T @2E<D 8@P%09
Ethernet over :FC=D%CS'S D%CS'S /2x) -2x) B2.) E"roD%CS'S
Copper
Bonded T/=E/
;FC/EE. 8M"ltilin$ PPP9 and ;FCB6/< 8BCP9
'T43T @2I.D/ and @2I.DB 8@FP3+CAT9
'T43T @2EE<2- 8@2!ond9
DSB=EB and !onded DSB=EB
'T43T H2<C encaps"lation &ith optional lin$ aggregation
'T43T @2I.D/ and @2I.DB 8@FP3+CAT9
'T43T @2EE<2- 8@2!ond9
-BASE3T, 'EEE <.-2B3-..6 -BASE3T, "sing 'T43T @2EE/2- 8@2S:DS,2!is9
/.PASS3TS 'EEE <.-2B3-..6 /.PASS3TS "sing 'T43T @2EEB2/ 8+DS,9
(ireless
Pac$et Micro&ave 'EEE <.-2B3-..6 "ser interace
(iMAH 'EEE <.-2/C
Free space optics 'EEE <.-2B3-..6 "ser interace
(iFi 'EEE <.-2//
,TE B@PP ,TE ;elease <
Access Methods # Applica!le Standards
CE Access
Method
Technology Alternatives Deployment Scenarios Advantages
Ethernet over
Fi!er
Active Ethernet
P%0
%n3net !"ildings
@reenield
Dense Metro area
/ @!ps or greater !and&idth
re1"irements
:ighest !and&idth
0oise imm"nity
Sec"rity
,ong reach
S%0ET=SD: leverage existing
@ro&th potential via x(DM
Ethernet over
PD:
Bonded T/=E/
DSB=EB
Bonded DSB=EB
;emote !ranch oices
%3net c"stomer locations 8o"t
o region9
SMB
,everage existing transport
4niversally deploya!le
,o&er CAPEH
0o reach limitations
(ell "nderstood provisioning
;esiliency thro"gh !onding
Ethernet over
Copper
-BASE3T,
/.PASS3TS
;emote !ranch oices
%n3net or %3net
SMB
Camp"s settings
Traic monitoring
4!i1"ito"s copper availa!ility
;apid deployment
,o& cost "n!"ndled local loop
;esiliency thro"gh !onding
(ireless Ethernet
Terrestrial Micro&ave
(iMAH
Broad!and (ireless
Free Space %ptics
(iFi
;emote !ranch oice
Camp"s setting
0o i!er or copper availa!le
Mo!ility re1"ired
'nstallation re1"ires no trenching
;apid deployment
Some alternatives oer mo!ility
:y!rid Fi!er=Coax D%CS'S -2x=B2x
(or$ at home
S%:%=SMB
;emote !ranch oice
Extensive coverage
:igh perormance options
Deep penetration into residential
and s"!"r!an areas
S"mmary o Carrier Ethernet Access Technologies
Ethernet over Fi!er
Ethernet over PD:
Ethernet over Copper
(ireless Ethernet
:y!rid Fi!er=Coax
;eer to the text or detail
Text 8in !l"e on ollo&ing pages9 reprod"ced

&ith permission o the MEF
Advantages o Speciic CE Access Technologies
&ervice 0AM
Standards Bodies Ethernet %AM and Ena!lers
+53;8 cla"se 7G .+53;8ah/ H Ethernet in the First Mile
+53;6a$ H Connectivity Fa"lt Mana$ement
+53;6a= H %o #ort MAC 4elay
+53;6ap H MI) Definitions for :'AN (rid$es
+53;6-C+53;6ad H :'ANs & #rovider )rid$in$
MEF G;6 H EM&1NM& Info Model
MEF 68 H UNI1%ype 6
MEF 67 H NE Mana$ement 4e-
MEF 62 H Ethernet 'ocal M$mt Interface
MEF 6G H 0AM 4e- & Frameor!
MEF 35 H UNI1%ype 3
MEF 32 H Ethernet Netor! to Netor! Interface
MEF 85 H Fa"lt Mana$ementCMEF 82 H #erformance Monitorin$
NID &pecification
F;6G85CF;6G86 H Ethernet 0AM 4e- & Mechanisms
A;+586CA;+583 H Ethernet #rotection
F;6728 H #erformance and Availa(ility
F;672&AM H &ervice Activation Methodolo$y .renamed F;672*/
4FC 37** H )enchmar!in$ Method for Nt! Interconnect Dev
4FC 3+6@ H 4emote Monitorin$ .4M0N Etherstats/
%MF+6* H EM& to NM& Model .Cor(a/
%MF+7* H EM& to NM& .We( services 1 M%0&I/
>ey Ethernet %AM Standards
Ethernet 0AM C CFM provides a critical feat"re to #rovider Ethernet
netor!s to ens"re they are NCarrier AradeO; 0AM and E1'MI are incl"ded
in the UNI %ype 3 MEF standard;
N'in! 0AMO9
'EEE <.-2Bah Cla"se 6IG E%AM OEthernet in the irst mileP G "sed on
access lin$s2
Provides o"r $ey mechanisms:
;emote loop!ac$
;emote ail"re indication
,in$ monitoring
,oop!ac$ Control
@ood or single lin$s) !"t does not monitor across E+C
Ethernet %AM
N&ervice 0AMO
'EEE <.-2/ag G OConnectivity Fa"lt Management 8CFM9P G "sed over E+C2

Mechanisms incl"de
Contin"ity Chec$ 8CC9
,oop!ac$
,in$trace
Also provides the a!ility to monitor at speciic service levels 8incl"ding

c"stomer) service provider) operator) section9 and s"pport or
maintenance domains2
'T43T F2/IB/ G O%AM F"nctions and Mechanisms or Ethernet !ased

net&or$sP
Provides all o the <.-2/ag "nctionality &ith additions incl"ding:
Delay Meas"rement 8DM9
Delay +ariation Meas"rement 8D+M9
,oss Meas"rement 8,M9
A"tomatic Protection S&itching 8APS9

Ethernet %AM
Each layer s"pports %AM capa!ilities independently
%AMs interoperate
Component responsi!ilities are complementary

End to End 8E-E9
Perormance Monitoring
E-E Fa"lt Monitoring
Point to Point 8P-P9
,in$ Fa"lt Management
's renamed F2/6CD
%AM ,ayer Components
N'in! 0AMO +53;8ah is r"n on a point1to1point '3 Ethernet lin!; It is a
common re-"irement for the access lin!
N&ervice 0AMO CFM +53;6a$CF;6G86 is r"n over a '3 Ethernet service end1
to1end; It can traverse many '3 Ethernet hops, ("t is t"nneled over M#'&
alon$ ith the other c"stomer traffic
Protocol Positioning
&"pplement Ethernet 0AM ith proven 0AM from transport layers
Inte$rate Ethernet mana$ement into NfamiliarO 0&& model
S%0ET=SD:3li$e %AM tools

&ervice aareness thro"$h coordinated service & transport 0AM
;e1"ires excellent visi!ility
into the perormance o
Ethernet net&or$s
's service operational7
(here it is !ro$en7
(ho does it !elong to7

Acc"rate standards3!ased
,ayer - client service
vis"ali5ation
Fast association o net&or$
events &ith speciic c"stomer
service
@"aranteed # meas"ra!le
S,As
E-E M"lti3,ayer Service Management
CE
CE
<.-2Bah
<.-2Bah <.-2Bah <.-2Bah <.-2Bah
'EEE <.-2Bah G EFM %AM
Ethernet in First Mile 8EFM9
Access lin$ %AM
Manages Ethernet
Segments
<.-2/ag) 'T4 F2/IB/) MEF
<.-2/ag) 'T4 F2/IB/) MEF
Connectivity Fa"lt
Management 8CFM9
Manages collection o
Ethernet S&itches
MEF) 'T4 F2/IB/
40' to 40' Service
Management
Manages collection o
Ethernet Services
MEF) 'T4 F2/IB/
%AM Standards Comparison
What is &ervice 0AM?
Ena!les connectivity chec$ing) a"lt detection and perormance

monitoring o the Ethernet Service 8E+C9 End3to3End
4ses synthetic traic to meas"re perormance
S"pports m"ltiple layers o %AM and maintenance domains
S"pports compo"nd net&or$s and m"ltiple operators
Allo&s contin"o"s !ac$gro"nd perormance monitoring
%n3demand perormance management

)ased on the folloin$ tools9
'EEE <.-2/ag Connectivity Fa"lt Management
'T43T F2/IB/ Connectivity Fa"lt Management and Perormance

Monitoring
Ethernet Service %AM
C"stomer
Premises
C"stomer
Premises
E300'
40'
40'
Service Provider ME
%perator ME %perator ME
C"stomer ME
M&A
4E&#
F;6G86 Messa$e )ased #erformance Meas"rements
Delay Meas"rement 8DM9) Delay +ariation Meas"rement 8D+M9

Meas"rements end1to1end, NIDs at the c"stomer UNI
Service %AM Frame&or$
Deined in 'T43T F2/IB/
Comprises 'EEE <.-2/ag Connectivity Fa"lt

Management and additional Perormance Monitoring
"nctionality
Frame ,oss meas"rement
Frame Delay meas"rement
'nter3Frame Delay +ariation meas"rement
Availa!ility
Perormance Management Tools
%AM Domains
%AM Domain: a net&or$ or s"!3net&or$ at the ET: ,ayer) !elonging to the

same administrative entity) &ithin &hich %AM rames can !e exchanged
A service may !e deined across a single or m"ltiple s"!3net&or$s
The %AM Domain determines the span o an %AM lo& across administrative
!o"ndaries
Service Provider
CE
CE
UNI
UNI
Customer Site
ENNI
ENNI
UNI
UNI
CE
CE
%perator 0et&or$
Customer Site
C"stomer Domain
Service Provider Domain
%perator Domain %perator Domain
'nter3%perator
Domain
ME: an %AM Maintenance Entity that re1"ires management
An association !et&een - maintenance end points &ithin an %AM

Domain) &here each end point corresponds to a provisioned
reerence point
At present) Service %AM oc"ses on 40' MEs) E+C MEs) #

S"!scri!er MEs
Maintenance Entities
ME@: Maintenance Entity @ro"pK it incl"des dierent MEs that:
Exist in the same administrative !o"ndary
:ave the same ME@ level
Belong to the same point3to3point ET: connection or m"ltipoint ET: connectivity
MEP: Maintenance End PointK is a provisioned %AM reerence point that can
initiate and terminate proactive %AM rames2 't can also initiate and react to
diagnostic %AM rames
A P-P E+C has - MEPsK A MP-MP E+C o n 40's has n MEPs
M'P: Maintenance 'ntermediate PointK an intermediate point in a ME@ that

can react to some %AM rames:
A M'P does not initiate %AM rames
A M'P ta$es no action on the transit ET: lo&s
TrCP: Traic Conditioning PointK is an ET: lo& point &hich provides an ET:
traic conditioning "nction
ME@) M'P # TrCP
Ei$ht MEA levels are availa(le .G has the lar$est physical reach/
%he defa"lt MEA level assi$nment amon$st c"stomer, provider and
operator roles is9
C"stomer role is assigned three ME@ levels: I) C and 6
Provider role is assigned t&o ME@ levels: D and B
%perator role is assigned three ME@ levels: -) / and .

ME@ level assignments or shared ME@ levels
MEF ME @2<./. ME F2/IB. ME ME@ ,evel8s9
S"!scri!er 40'JC to 40'JC 40'340' 8c"stomer9 I) C) or 6
E+C 40'J0 to 40'J0 40'340' 8provider9 D or B
%perator 'ntra3domain
Segment 8PE3PE9
intra3provider
D or B
'nter3domain
Segment 8PE3PE9
'nter3provider
. 8dea"lt9
40' Access3lin$
ETF lin$ %AM340'
8c"stomer3provider9
. 8dea"lt9
E00' 'nter3domain
ETF lin$ %AM300'
8operator3operator9
. 8dea"lt9
ME@ ,evels
F"nctional #rotocol :alidation
Test Discovery
+eriy capa!ility exchange
Test Active=Passive roles
Change capa!ilities and veriy change
Test ,oop!ac$
P"t remote port in loop!ac$) ens"re state change
Transmit data to test lin$
Test Fa"lts
Dying @asp) Critical Events) ,in$ Errors) ,in$ Fa"lt
Conig"re D4T to ta$e action on a"lt and veriy action
+eriy all co"nters and logs
+eriy state machine sta!ility 8ena!le=disa!le=state changes9
Test %4' and %ptional T,+s G 8transmit and veriy receive9

Inte$rate 0AM in >i$her &cale and #erformance %estin$
Ena!le %AM on ports and r"n traditional tests 8li$e ;FC -6DD9
&tandardiLed testin$ .MEF 36/ has (een defined as part of UNI %ype 3 MEF
specification
8D4T: Device "nder test9
<.-2Bah Ethernet %AM Test Challenges
)asic #rotocol F"nctionality
Ethernet CFM are ne& protocols and !asic "nctionality and operation needs
to !e veriied and exercised in the la!
&cala(ility and #erformance
@enerating and responding to CFM PD4s p"ts additional strain on net&or$
(ithin a single Maintenance Domain there co"ld !e over <)... Maintenance

Associations conc"rrently r"nning
Each needs to examine and process each PD4
CC intervals can !e conig"red as lo& as B2BBms &hich may have

perormance impacts to test h"ndreds o ports conc"rrently
Interopera(ility
Ethernet CFM standards 8especially <.-2/ag9 have recently !een "pdated

ca"sing all 0et&or$ E1"ipment Man"act"res to "pdate their implementation
Signiicant testing is re1"ired to ens"re interopera!ility !et&een vario"s

prod"cts and vendors
Inter1or!in$
Testing and validating inter3&or$ing &ith other Carrier Ethernet technologies

is re1"ired or s"ccess"l end to end service delivery
Ethernet Service %AM Test Challenges
Service %AM Frame Format
ME@ ,evel: 8MA ,evel9 . G I
I has the largest physical reach
+ersion: .
%p Code: indicates %AM

message type
. G B/ 'EEE <.-2/ # F2/I//
B- G CB Speciic to F2/IB/
CD G -66 'EEE <.-2/
Flags: "se o lags is dependent

on %AM PD4 type
T,+ %set: pointer to /

st
T,+ in
%AM PD4
End T,+: has Type ield M . and

no ,+ val"es
%p Codes 'EEE <.-2/
/: CCM MEPs 8Contin"ity Chec$9
B: ,BM MEPs # M'Ps 8,oop!ac$9
-: ,B; MEPs # M'Ps
6: ,TM MEPs # M'Ps 8,in$ Trace9
D: ,T; MEPs # M'Ps
.) C3B/) CD3-66 ;eserved

DA &A %ype &1:ID %ype C1:ID ++5@ Data FC&
%AM
%AM PD4
,ie Cycle o an Ethernet Service
Service Provider manages the end3to3end service
(holesale %perator manages across &holesale domain
Ethernet service S,A Parameters
Band&idth) Delay) Delay +ariation) Frame ,oss 8Availa!ility9
+eriy the 1"ality o each deined service parameter
All service parameters
All services sim"ltaneo"sly

E00'
0'D 0'D
%perator /
8Service Provider9
E+C
/
E+C
B
E+C
-
%perator -
8(holesale %perator9
40' 40'
Example: &holesale services
Elements o an Ethernet Service
S"ite o tests originally or veriying Ethernet e1"ipment
Adapted or Ethernet services
S"ite o tests deined:
Delay
Delay +ariation 8,atency9
Frame loss
Thro"ghp"t
Bac$ to !ac$
System ;ecovery
;eset
;es"lts generally presented in

graphical orm
Each test is perormed m"ltiple times &ith dierent

rame si5es 8CD) /-<) -6C)N9
MEF &ervice parameters
Testing or Thro"ghp"t
Test acilities controlled !y 0et&or$ %perations Center
;emote testing acilitates a"tomated acceptance and diagnostic "nctions
4se"l or testing Ethernet services and sectionali5ing a"lts
NID
NID
UNI
UNI
ETH
UNI-C
ETH
UNI-C
ETH
UNI-N
ETH
UNI-N
ETH
E-NNI
ETH
E-NNI
ETH
E-NNI
ETH
E-NNI
Access 0et&or$ Access 0et&or$ Metro=,: 0et&or$
0MS
Test :ead
remote control lin$
CE
CE
Test Traic rom center3to3end
UNI
UNI
NID
NID
ETH
UNI-N
ETH
UNI-N
ETH
UNI-C
ETH
UNI-C
CE
CE
A"tomated 0et&or$ Testing
'EEE <.-2/ag Connectivity Fa"lt Management 8CFM9
Fa"lt Management
C"stomer
Premises
%perator -
8(holesale %perator9
C"stomer
Premises
E300'
40'
40'
<.-2Bah <.-2Bah <.-2Bah
<.-2Bah
<.-2Bah <.-2Bah <.-2Bah <.-2Bah
'EEE <.-2Bah G monitors ad*acent physical net&or$ lin$s
Simple) little or no conig"ration
S"pports
A"to discovery
;emote loop!ac$
,in$ monitoring and remote ail"re indication

8dying gasp) lin$ a"lt) critical event9
Does 0%T monitor end3to3end across E+C
0ot really part o Service %AM
<.-2Bah
%perator /
8Service Provider9
,in$ %AM
N&ervice 0AMO
'EEE <.-2/ag G OConnectivity Fa"lt Management 8CFM9P G "sed over E+C2

Mechanisms incl"de
Contin"ity Chec$ 8CC9
,oop!ac$
,in$trace
Also provides the a!ility to monitor at speciic service levels 8incl"ding

c"stomer) service provider) operator) section9 and s"pport or
maintenance domains2
'T43T F2/IB/ G O%AM F"nctions and Mechanisms or Ethernet !ased

net&or$sP
Provides all o the <.-2/ag "nctionality &ith additions incl"ding:
Delay Meas"rement 8DM9
Delay +ariation Meas"rement 8D+M9
A"tomatic Protection S&itching 8APS9

Connectivity Fa"lt Management
C"stomer
Premises
C"stomer
Premises
E300'
40'
40'
E+C ME
%perator ME %perator ME
S"!scri!er ME
CCM
CCM
A #3# E:C has 3 ME#s, one on each end point of the ME
CCM #DUs can (e ena(led to (e sent periodically to provide a connectivity chec!

Nheart(eatO (eteen ME#s associated ith the E:C
&ervice Frames for an E:C ME ill "se MEA 'evel 8 or *
MEF 6G .43f/ recommends sendin$ the CCM at the hi$hest Co& permissi(le (y
the E:C
MEP MEP
M'P M'P
;"nning CCM over an E+C
Access
0et&or$
Metro Aggregation
0et&or$
Access
0et&or$
'P=MP,S Core
0et&or$ Metro
Aggregation
0et&or$
Maintenance Association 8MA9
MEP^/
MEP ^-
M'P M'P
MEP ^/
Connection
.rea&s ( No
CCMs received
fro! MEP /,
MEP ^/
Sends CCMs with
'e!ote Defect
Indication ('DI) f)ag set
MEP ^-
'e!ote a)ar! detected
-+ received 'DI
'e#ort a)ar! to
!anage!ent s+ste!
MEP ^-
Initiate
#rotection
switch over
MEP ^/ and ^-
Send heart-eat CCMs on
wor&ing$#rotect #aths
Chec& that CCMs
sccessf))+ received fro!
other side
M'P M'P
MEP ^/
'e#orts CC fa)t to
!anage!ent
s+ste!
Ethernet Service Contin"ity Chec$
Service %AM Frame Format
ME@ ,evel: 8MA ,evel9 . G I
I has the largest physical reach
+ersion: .
%p Code: indicates %AM

message type
. G B/ 'EEE <.-2/ # F2/I//
B- G CB Speciic to F2/IB/
CD G -66 'EEE <.-2/
Flags: "se o lags is dependent

on %AM PD4 type

st
T,+ in
%AM PD4

no ,+ val"es
%p Codes 'EEE <.-2/
-: ,B; MEPs # M'Ps
D: ,T; MEPs # M'Ps

%AM
%AM PD4
BB: Alarm 'ndication Signal 8A'S9 MEPs
B6: ,oc$ 8,C>9 MEPs
BI: Test 8TST9 MEPs
BE: ,inear APS MEPs
D.: ;ing APS MEPs
D/: Management Comm"nications Channel 8MCC9 MEPs
DB: ,oss Meas"rement Message 8,MM9 MEPs
D-: ,oss Meas"rement ;eply 8,M;9 MEPs
D6: %ne &ay Delay Message 8/DM9 MEPs
DI: T&o &ay Delay Message 8DMM9 MEPs
DC: Delay Message ;eply 8DM;9 MEPs
DE: Experimental %AM Message 8EHM9 %"tside the scope o this ;ecommendation
D<: Experimental %AM ;eply 8EH;9 %"tside the scope o this ;ecommendation
6/: +endor Speciic %AM Message 8+SM9 %"tside the scope o this ;ecommendation
6.: +endor Speciic %AM ;eply 8+S;9 %"tside the scope o this ;ecommendation
B-) BD) BC) B<) DD) 6-3CB ;eserved or "t"re standardi5ation !y 'T43T
%p Codes # Message Type or F2/IB/
Flags ormat in CCM PD4
CCM PD4 Format
%he 0AM #DU "sed for E%>1CC information is CCM
Frames &hich carry the CCM PD4 are called CCM rames
When E%>1CC is ena(led, a ME# periodically transmits CCM frames as
often as the confi$"red transmission period; %he transmission period can
(e one of the folloin$ seven val"es9
B2BB ms: Dea"lt transmission period or protection3s&itching application

transmission rate o B.. rames=second
/. ms: Transmission rate is /.. rames=second2
/.. ms: Dea"lt transmission period or perormance3monitoring application

transmission rate o /. rames=second
/ s: Dea"lt transmission period or a"lt management application

G transmission rate o / rame=second
/. s: Transmission rate o C rames=min"te2
/ min: Transmission rate o / rame=min"te2
/. min: Transmission rate o C rames=ho"r2
MEF B. FM 'A: An MEP sho"ld s"pport B2BB) /.) # /.. ms

CCM Transmission Period
&pecific confi$"ration information re-"ired (y each ME# to s"pport E%>1CC is the
folloin$9
ME@ 'D G 'dentiies the ME@ to &hich the MEP !elongs2
MEP 'D G MEPas o&n identity in the ME@2
,ist o peer MEP 'Ds G ,ist o peer MEPs in the ME@2 For a point3to3point ME@ &ith a
single ME) the list &o"ld consist o a single MEP 'D or the peer2
ME@ level G ME@ level at &hich the MEP exists2
ET:3CC transmission period G This is application3dependent2 ET:3CC has B dierent

applications 8or each application) a dea"lt transmission period is speciied9:
Fa"lt management: Dea"lt transmission period is / s
8i2e2) transmission rate o / rame=second92

Perormance Monitoring: Dea"lt transmission period is /.. ms
8i2e2) transmission rate o /. rames=second92

Protection S&itching: Dea"lt transmission period is B2BB ms
8i2e2) transmission rate o B.. rames=second92
Priority G 'dentiies the priority o rames &ith ET:3CC inormation2 By dea"lt) the
rame &ith ET:3CC inormation is transmitted &ith the highest priority availa!le to the
data traic2 This inormation is conig"ra!le per operation2
Drop Eligi!ility G Frames &ith ET:3CC inormation are al&ays mar$ed as drop
ineligi!le2
Contin"ity Chec$ Messages
%n demand tests) one "sed or veriication d"ring circ"it t"rn3"p) the

other or a"lt diagnosis
,BM has a mandatory Transaction 'D # Se1"ence 0"m!er2

Data=Test Pattern T,+ is determined at the transmitting MEP
(hen a remote MEP=M'P receives an ,BM that matches its

address) an ,B; &ill !e generated
Every ield in the ,BM is copied to the ,B;
Except:
So"rce # Destination MAC addresses are s&apped
%p Code ield is changed rom ,BM to ,B;
Diagnostic Test: ,BM incl"des a Test PatternK ,B; ret"rns the same
pattern
')M
')4
%perator 0et&or$

+eriication o !idirectional connectivity 8M'P or MEP
"nicast9 8MEPs m"lticast9
Bidirectional diagnostic test !et&een MEPs 8"nicast9

;eply
expected
&ithin 6 secs
,oop!ac$
Transaction 'D T,+ is

mandatory
Se1"ence 0"m!er T,+ is

mandatory
Data T,+ is optional
Test Pattern is optional

st
T,+ in
%AM PD4

no ,+ val"es
%p Codes 'EEE <.-2/
-: ,B; MEPs # M'Ps
D: ,T; MEPs # M'Ps

%AM PD4
,oop!ac$ Message Format
Analogo"s to 'P Tracero"te eat"re:
To determine location o ail"re o the lin$
To determine ad*acency relationships &ith remote MEPs=M'Ps at the same administrative level
Access
0et&or$
Metro
Aggregation
0et&or$
Access
0et&or$
'P=MP,S Core
0et&or$ Metro
Aggregation
0et&or$
MEP MEP M'P
M'P
M'P M'P
,in$ trace ;eply
40'
40'
Ethernet ,in$trace
'ncl"ded T,+s:
Transaction 'D) TT,
%rigin=Target MAC address
Transaction 'D
Se1"ence 0"m!er

st
T,+ in
%AM PD4

no ,+ val"es
%p Codes 'EEE <.-2/
-: ,B; MEPs # M'Ps
6: ,TM MEPs # M'Ps 8,in$trace9
D: ,T; MEPs # M'Ps

%AM PD4
,in$trace Message Format
Perormance Management
An E+C may have m"ltiple CoS instances

associated &ith it
Perormance meas"rements and

perormance o!*ectives or FD) 'FD+) F,;)
and Availa!ility are applica!le to each CoS
instance in the E+C
Perormance meas"rements &ill comprise

m"ltiple s"!sets o ordered pairs o 40's
Each CoS 'D &ithin the E+C &ill have
its o&n metrics and o!*ectives deined
&hich m"st !e individ"ally meas"ra!le
M"lti3CoS E+C Perormance Metrics
Frame ,oss ;atio
Frame loss is a meas"re o the n"m!er o lost service rames

inside the ME0 in a given time interval #
Frame loss ratio is X M ^ rames lost = ^ rames sent x /..
An MEP maintains - local

co"nters or each peer MEP
%ne pair or each priority

class !eing monitored in a
P-P ME
TxFC':
Co"nter or in3proile service rames
transmitted to&ards the peer
;xFC':
Co"nter or in3proile service rames
received rom the peer MEP
Metro Ethernet
Netor!
UNI to UNI
7555 frames in
CE
CE
*@@7 frames o"t
time
5 /"a%es l!st/!" "e)e(4ed as e""!"ed
0516 F"a%e L!ss 7at(! (5/5000)
0nly Areen Frame .in1profile/ co"nt
F'4 doesnJt apply hen service is deemed "navaila(le
Parameters:
T: the time interval
S: s"!set o the ordered 40'

pairs
,: one3&ay F,; perormance

o!*ective
@iven T) S) # ,:
F,; is deined as met over

the time interval # or the
s"!set S i # only i F,;
#!S
S "
F,; is "ndeined i there are

no @reen rames d"ring #
P-P E+C:
S may incl"de one or !oth

o the ordered pairs o
40's in the E+C
MP-MP E+C:
S may !e any s"!set o the

ordered pairs o 40's in the
E+C
;MP E+C:
S m"st !e s"ch that all

ordered pairs contain at
least one 40' designated
as a ;oot
Frame ,oss ;atio
%n demand loss meas"rement
Frames incl"de appropriate co"nts o rames transmitted and

received
,MM: TxFC
,M;: TxFC) TxFC!) ;xFC
%nly provides 0ear End and Far End F,; at the end that
initiated the ,MM
'MM
'M4
%perator 0et&or$
Single3ended ,oss Meas"rement
The percentage o time &ithin a speciied time

interval d"ring &hich the Frame ,oss ;atio
Perormance is small
Example:
A service provider deines the Availa!ility

Perormance to !e meas"red over a month &ith
the Perormance o!*ective val"e !eing EE2EX
'n a month comprising B. days and no sched"led

do&ntime) this allo&s the service to !e "navaila!le
or approx2 DB min"tes d"ring the &hole month
Availa!ility is !ased on Service Frame loss d"ring a

se1"ence o consec"tive small time intervals
' the previo"s se1"ence &as deined as availa!le

and rame loss is high or each small time interval in
the c"rrent se1"ence) then the c"rrent se1"ence is
deined as "navaila!le) else it is deined as availa!le
Availa!ility or a P-P E+C
Availa!ility is !ased on Service Frame loss d"ring a

se1"ence o consec"tive small time intervals
' the previo"s se1"ence &as deined as "navaila!le

and rame loss is lo& or each small time interval in
the c"rrent se1"ence) the c"rrent se1"ence is
deined as availa!le) else it is deined as "navaila!le
Availa!ility or a P-P E+C
Frame Delay
This is meas"red as the time ta$en or service rames across the net&or$
Frame Delay is meas"red rom the arrival o the irst !it at the ingress 40' to the o"tp"t
o the last !it o the egress 40'2 '2e2 an end3to3end meas"rement as the c"stomer vie&s
it2
$ote% #he &E' e(presses perforance of delay and inter-frae delay variation in percentile ters
$ote% 'or ost purposes one way delay )rather than round trip delay* is required to establish service
quality
This deinition is the one3&ay delay that
incl"des the delays enco"ntered as a
res"lt o transmission across the ingress
and egress 40's as &ell as that
introd"ced !y the ME0
%ne3&ay Delay Meas"rement
More diic"lt to meas"re
T&o3&ay Delay Meas"rement

%nly Areen rames are co"nted) meas"red on a time interval #
Frame Delay
/DM rames are sent periodically
/DM rame incl"des TxTimeStamp
An < octet ield containing the timestamp o the /DM transmission
Format is the Time ;epresentation ormat in 'EEE /6<<3-..-
Frame Delay is calc"lated as:

;xTime G TxTimeStamp
8&here ;xTime is the time the /DM PD4 &as received9
6DM
%perator 0et&or$
6DM
Periodic
ME#s m"st have
synchronised cloc!s
Frame Delay is calc"lated
at the receiving MEP
%ne (ay Frame Delay
DMM: TxTimeStamp
DM;:
TxTimeStamp: copy o ield received in DMM
;xTimeStamp: 8optional9 timestamp o DMM reception
TxTimeStamp!: 8optional9 timestamp o DM; transmission
Frame Delay calc"lation: - options

/2 ;xTime! G TxTimeStamp &here ;xTime! M Time DM; is received at
initiating MEP 8"sed i t"rn aro"nd delay is not signiicant9
-2 8;xTime! G TxTimeStamp9 G 8TxTimeStamp! G ;xTimeStamp9
8t"rn aro"nd delay is s"!tracted o"t9

DMM
DM4
%perator 0et&or$
%nly one direction
sho&n or clarity
Does not re-"ire
synchronised cloc!s
Processing
Time
FD calc"lation
done here
Meas"res 4o"nd %rip Delay
T&o (ay Delay Meas"rement
'FD+ is the dierence !et&een the one3&ay

delays o a pair o selected Service Frames
'FD+ perormance is applica!le to ?"aliied

Service Frames or a partic"lar CoS 'D and
an ordered pair o 40's in the E+C
This delay is an important actor in the

transmission o "n!"ered video and &here
variation occ"rs in the millisecond range it can
aect voice 1"ality2 For data it can ca"se a n"m!er
o "ndesira!le eects s"ch as perceived rame
loss) etc
a
i
M time o arrival o the irst !it o the i
th
Service Frame at the 'ngress 40')
then - rames ' and * are selected according to the selection criteria:
ba
*
G a
i
M Yt and *Ric
,et r
i
!e the time rame ' is s"ccess"lly received 8last !it o the rame9 at the egress 40')
Then the dierence in the delays enco"ntered !y rame ' and rame * is given !y d
i
G d
*
Yd
i*
M dd
i
G d
*
e M d8r
i
G a
i
9 G 8r
*
G a
*
9e M d8a
*
G a
i
9 G 8r
*
G r
i
9e
(ith d
*
!eing the delay o
the *
th
rame) i the val"e o
d
i
G d
*
is:
Positive: rames are closer

together at the egress 40'
0egative: rames are "rther

apart at the egress 40'
' either or !oth rames are

lost=not delivered:
Yd
i*
is not deined # does
not contri!"te to the
eval"ation o 'nter3Frame
Delay +ariation
A set o parameters and an
o!*ective m"st !e speciied or
'FD+
T: the time interval
S: s"!set o the ordered 40'

pairs in the E+C
P: 'FD+ perormance percentile
Yt: separation !et&een rame

pairs or &hich 'FD+
perormance is deined
d: 'FD+ perormance o!*ective
'FD+ perormance
compliance is met i the
variance !et&een the rames
is S the perormance o!*ective
' 'FD+ is "ndeined or time

interval T) the ordered pair &ill
!e excl"ded rom calc"lation
' the service perormance is

"ndeined or all ordered
pairs) the perormance or S is
deined as compliant
:andling E,A0: M"ltipoint E+Cs
Perormance metrics or
each 40' or each CoS
need to !e deined or the
s"!sets:
40' A CoS / M d8A)C9)8A)E9e
40' C CoS / M d8C)A9)8C)E9e
40' E CoS / M d8E)C9)8E)A9e
40' A CoS - M d8A)B9)8A)C9)8A)D9)8A)E9e
40' B CoS - M d8B)A9)8B)C9)8B)D9)8B)E9e
40' C CoS - M d8C)A9)8C)B9e
40' D CoS - M d8D)A9)8D)B9e
40' E CoS - M d8E)A9)8E)B9e

M"ltipoint E+C
Paths or CoS /
Paths or CoS -
MEF -B Perormance Monitoring
MEF -B Carrier Ethernet Class o Service 'A3
Phase / speciies:
Perormance attri!"tes apply only to Service

Frames &here the applica!le 'ngress
Band&idth Proile level o compliance at the
40' is determined to !e @reen
Perormance o!*ective re1"irements apply to

40'340' in Phase / or:
FD) 'FD+) F,;

E00' 3 Phase / speciies:
4se o ,in$ %AM at the E00'
Deines 'ngress # Egress Band&idth Proiles
Deines CoS handling across the E00'
Perormance deinitions across the E00'

may !e deined in Phase - or later
MEF -C Perormance Monitoring
Access
0et&or$
Metro Aggregation
0et&or$
Access
0et&or$
'P=MP,S Core
0et&or$ Metro
Aggregation
0et&or$
Maintenance Association 8MA9
MEP^/
MEP ^-
M'P M'P
MEP ^/
Connection
.rea&s ( No
CCMs received
fro! MEP /,
MEP ^/
Sends CCMs with
'e!ote Defect
Indication ('DI) f)ag set
MEP ^-
'e!ote a)ar! detected
-+ received 'DI
'e#ort a)ar! to
!anage!ent s+ste!
MEP ^-
Initiate
#rotection
switch over
MEP ^/ and ^-
Send heart-eat CCMs on
wor&ing$#rotect #aths
Chec& that CCMs
sccessf))+ received fro!
other side
M'P M'P
MEP ^/
'e#orts CC fa)t to
!anage!ent
s+ste!
Ethernet Service Fa"lt Detection
4p MEP=Do&n MEP
4p MEP monitors the

or&arding path internal to a
CE or PE 8'EEE <.-2/ !ridge
node9
'mplemented on an ingress
port
Can send its port # interace

stat"s to its peers 8"sing
Contin"ity Chec$9
Do&n MEP monitors the

or&arding path external to an
<.-2/ !ridge node
'mplemented on an egress port

4p MEP
Do&n MEP
40' Fail"re
MEPs &ill detect the ail"re i their ME@s
incl"de the 40' or i they are positioned
on the Ethernet interace o 40'3C and
40'30
/2 Fail"re not detected immediately as its
not positioned on Ethernet interace2
MEP &ill !e isolated # raises a ;emote
MEP alarm
-2 Fail"re detected !"t CCM not expected
to !e r"nning so no action triggered
B2 Fail"re detected # reported to peer
MEPs via CCM 8'nterace Stat"s T,+92
These &ill set MAC Stat"s deects
D2 Fail"re detected # reported to peer
MEPs via CCM2 These &ill set MAC
Stat"s deects
62 Fail"re detected2 Both MEPs &ill !e
isolated # CCM &ill detect loss o
connectivity2 Both MEPs &ill raise
;emote MEP alarms
6
3
8
*
7 7
A 40' ail"re is any ail"re in the "nction o the 40'
incl"ding e1"ipment providing the 40'3C or 40'30
# e1"ipment providing comm"nication !et&een the 40'3C and 40'30
MEPs &ill detect the E00' ail"re i their
ME@ spans the E00') or i they are
positioned on the Ethernet interace o the
E00'30 &hich realises the E00'
/2 Fail"re not immediately detected2 MEP
&ill !e isolated # ' CCM is r"nning loss o
connectivity &ill !e detected2 MEP # its
peers &ill raise ;emote MEP alarms #
;D'
-2 Fail"re not detected
B2 Fail"re not immediately detected2 Action
as in 8/9
D2 Fail"re detected # reported to peer MEPs
via CCM # 'nterace Stat"s T,+ i CCM is
r"nning2 MAC Stat"s deects raised
62 Fail"re detected2 Both MEPs &ill !e
isolated # CCM &ill detect loss o
connectivity2 Both MEPs &ill raise ;emote
MEP alarms
6
3
8
*
7
4pon ail"re a MEP on one side o the E00' &ill !e
isolated rom all peer MEPs on the other side o the
E00') !"t not rom peer MEPs on its o&n side
40'3C=40'30
E00' Fail"re
%nly those MEPs &hose ME@
spans the %perator 0E &ill detect
the 0E ail"re
/2 Fail"re not immediately
detected2 MEP &ill !e isolated #
' CCM is r"nning loss o
connectivity &ill !e detected2
MEP # its peers &ill raise
;emote MEP alarms # ;D'
-2 Fail"re not detected
B2 Fail"re not immediately
detected2 Action as in 8/9
D2 Fail"re not immediately
detected2 Action as in 8/9
6
3
8
*
40'3C=40'30
E00'30
%n ail"re o an %perator 0E or a ,in$) an
MEP &ill !e isolated rom those peer MEPs
that are only accessi!le via or&arding paths
that traverse the ailed %perator 0E or ,in$
%perator 0E Fail"re
4sed to s"ppress alarms ollo&ing detection o deect conditions
Transmission o ET:3A'S can !e ena!led or disa!led on a MEP
Deect conditions may incl"de:
Signal ail conditions in the case that ET:3CC is ena!led2
A'S condition or ,C> condition in the case that ET:3CC is disa!led
Speciic conig"ration inormation re1"ired !y a MEP to s"pport ET:3

A'S transmission is the ollo&ing:
Client ME@ level G ME@ level at &hich the most immediate client layer
M'Ps and MEPs exist
ET:3A'S transmission period G Determines transmission periodicity o

rames &ith ET:3A'S inormation
Priority G 'dentiies the priority o rames &ith ET:3A'S inormation2
Drop Eligi!ility G Frames &ith ET:3A'S inormation are al&ays mar$ed as

drop ineligi!le
Ethernet Alarm 'ndication Signal
4pon detecting a deect condition a MEP can transmit A'S rames
Sent in a direction opposite to its peer MEP8s9
A'S transmission period o / second is recommended
The client may consist o m"ltiple ME@s that sho"ld !e notiied
A'S rames sent to each o these client 8s"!39 layer ME@s
The irst A'S rame or all client 8s"!39 layer ME@s m"st !e transmitted
&ithin / second o deect condition
another A'S transmission period o / min"te is also s"pported &hich is

more appropriate &hen D.E6 +,A0s "sed
4pon receiving an A'S rame) a MEP examines it to ens"re that its ME@
level corresponds to its o&n ME@ level
4pon receiving an A'S rame) the MEP detects A'S deect condition
' no A'S rames are received &ithin an interval o B26 times the A'S
transmission period indicated in the A'S rames received !eore) the
MEP clears A'S deect condition
A'S Transmission
4sed !y a MEP to comm"nicate to its peer MEPs that a deect

condition has !een enco"ntered2
ET:3;D' is "sed only &hen ET:3CC transmission is ena!led
ET:3;D' has the ollo&ing t&o applications:
Single3ended a"lt management: The receiving MEP detects an ;D'

deect condition
This gets correlated &ith other deect conditions in this MEP and may !ecome
a a"lt ca"se
The a!sence o received ET:3;D' inormation in a single MEP indicates the
a!sence o deects in the entire ME@
Contri!"tion to ar3end perormance monitoring: 't relects that there &as

a deect condition in the ar3end &hich is "sed as an inp"t to the
perormance monitoring process2
A MEP that is in a deect condition transmits rames &ith ET:3;D'

inormation2
A MEP) "pon receiving rames &ith ET:3;D' inormation) determines that its
peer MEP has enco"ntered a deect condition2
'n m"ltipoint ET: connectivity as the transmitting MEP itsel does not al&ays
have that inormation
;emote Deect 'ndication
Speciic conig"ration inormation re1"ired !y a MEP to s"pport ET:3

;D' "nction is:
ME@ level G ME@ level at &hich the MEP exists
ET:3;D' transmission period G Application3dependent and is conig"red

to !e the same as ET:3CC transmission period
Priority G 'dentiies the priority o rames &ith ET:3;D' inormation2 The

priority is the same as ET:3CC priority
Drop Eligi!ility G Frames &ith ET:3;D' inormation are al&ays mar$ed as

drop ineligi!le
The PD4 "sed to carry ET:3;D' inormation is the Contin"ity Chec$

Message 8CCM9
;emote Deect 'ndication
MEF /.2- deines the perormance

o!*ectives or the ollo&ing:
Frame Delay 8Section C2E2-9
'nter3Frame Delay +ariation 8Section C2E2D9
%ne3&ay Frame ,oss ;atio 8Section C2E2C9
Availa!ility 8Section C2E2I9

MEF /. Perormance %!*ectives
S%AM FM descri!es the "se o standard protocols) mechanisms and

proced"res or monitoring and investigating the stat"s o:
E+Cs) %+Cs) External 'nteraces across a deined %AM Domain
S%AM FM "ses the protocols o
'EEE <.-2/ag
'T43T F2/IB/
The 'A deines the re1"irements o the 0E %AM "nctionality in s"pport o:
Contin"ity Chec$
;D'
,oop!ac$
,in$trace
A'S
,oc$ed Signal
Test Signal
MEF B. S%AM Fa"lt Management 'A
MEF B/ deines S0MP Management

'normation Bases 8M'Bs9 that s"pport the
Service %AM Fa"lt Management "nctions
that have !een deined2
A M'B is a collection o managed o!*ects

that can !e "sed to provision an entity) 1"ery
an entity or stat"s inormation) or deine
notiications that are sent to an 0MS=EMS
MEF B/ S%AM M'B Deinitions
End o Co"rse
Preparation or the Exam:
Exam %!*ectives
Co"rse Man"al
MEF on the @o 8St"dy @"ide9
MEF Speciications
Perpet"al Sol"tions than$s yo" or yo"r time
(e &ish yo" s"ccess in the exam

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Carrier Ethernet Services Explained

Presenter: Colin Argent

The deining !ody or Carrier Ethernet

A glo!al ind"stry alliance to accelerate the &orld&ide

MEF develops Carrier Ethernet speciications

To promote the deployment o Carrier Ethernet &orld&ide

(hite papers) videos

Approved Certiication ,a!

To develop !"siness services or Enterprise "sers

For Enterprise ,A0 interconnection

%ver optical metropolitan net&or$s

Metro Ethernet Services have expanded to incl"de:

(orld&ide services over national and glo!al net&or$s

Scala!ility # rapid deployment o !"siness applications

Adoption o the certiication program

(hile retaining the cost model and simplicity o Ethernet

MEF no& deines Carrier Ethernet Services

A set o certiied net&or$

Those services !eing

A set o speciications) and test

't incl"des provision o external

Services provided !y standardised

Standardised Service Types

E3,ine) E,A0) E3Tree

Circ"it Em"lation Services

S"pport or legacy transport

@ran"larity o Band&idth # ?oS

To meet the needs o c"stomers

Delivery o services over a single

;apid recovery rom

S,A deined g"arantees

Permitting dierent levels

Frame loss) Frame delay)

Circ"it oriented services are signiicant reven"e generators

Existing applications are engineered to speciic technologies

PCs "se Ethernet

Servers "se Ethernet

+o'P devices "se Ethernet

2 2 2Ethernet is the interace o choice or carrier services too

(e can deliver Ethernet services no& &ith S,A g"arantees

B !yte %4' assigned !y 'EEE

B Byte 0'C val"e

Broadcast: rom one device to all other

M"lticast: rom one device to a gro"p o

'P: --D2x2x2x to -BE2x2x2x

MAC: see next page

This is not perect as B- m"lticast addresses map to each MAC address

assigned !y 'EEE ;egistration A"thority

all Ethertypes are greater than .C.. 8/6BC decimal9

</.. +,A0 tag

</B< 0ovell 'PH

<<.E slo& protocols

<<DI MP,S "nicast

<<D< MP,S m"lticast

/ !roadcast domain per set o ca!les and h"!s

All stations on ,A0 see all traic

Simpler and less expensive than maintaining separate inrastr"ct"res

M"ltiple lo&3speed ,A0s on one high3speed inrastr"ct"re

Segment !roadcast domains 8lo&er B(=processing9 &itho"t ro"ters

Sec"rity or dierent departments in company=gro"ps in camp"s

<.-2/p res"lts &ere incorporated into <.-2/D3/EE<

Considered s"iciently distinct rom non3+,A0 !ridging

- modes: admit only tagged) admit all

classiy every incoming rame to a +'D 8i "ntagged to Priority 8P+'D99