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Microprocessor or

Microcontroller
Not just a case of you say tomarto and I say tomayto
M. Smith, ECE
University of Calgary, Canada
13 September 2006
Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller
M. Smith, University of Calgary, Canada 2/ 29
Information taken from Analog Devices On-line
Manuals with permission
http://www.analog.com/processors/resources/technicalLibrary/manuals/

Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed
to be accurate and reliable. However, Analog
Devices assumes no responsibility for its use or for
any infringement of any patent other rights of any
third party which may result from its use. No license
is granted by implication or otherwise under any
patent or patent right of Analog Devices. Copyright
Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
13 September 2006
Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller
M. Smith, University of Calgary, Canada 3/ 29
To be tackled today
Basic microprocessor
Concept of a microcontroller
Difference between the Blackfin
microcontroller and Blackfin Ez-Kit Lite
evaluation board
Capabilities of the ADSP-BF533 Blackfin Ez-
Kit Lite evaluation board
Various acronyms that will be used in the
course

13 September 2006
Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller
M. Smith, University of Calgary, Canada 4/ 29
Microprocessor Basic concept
CPU

contains
CCU
ALU
data registers
and
pointer registers
ADDRESS BUS
32-bit / 64-bit wide




CONTROL BUS
Timing signals, ready signals,
interrupts etc




DATA BUS bidirectional
8-bit / 16-bit / 32-bit / 128-bit
Microprocessor, by-itself, completely useless must have external peripherals to
Interact with outside world
13 September 2006
Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller
M. Smith, University of Calgary, Canada 5/ 29
MicroPROCESSOR Basic concept
CPU

contains
CCU
ALU
data registers
and
pointer registers
CONTROL BUS

ADDRESS
BUS











DATA BUS
Microprocessor, by-itself, completely useless must have external peripherals to
Interact with outside world
BOOT
ROM

Used at
startup
Instruction
(program)
ROM
Transducers
Keyboard
Screen
UART
Parallel
interface
etc
Data
RAM
13 September 2006
Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller
M. Smith, University of Calgary, Canada 6/ 29
Every external device needs this amount
of support glue logic to work
External
Device
Device itself with all
necessary internal logic
to do the things it needs to do
DATA BUS
OE
Output
Enable other signals
such as interrupt signals, etc
ADDRESS BUS
DECODE LOGIC
Address strobe
Data strobe
Read/Write
control

CS chip select
13 September 2006
Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller
M. Smith, University of Calgary, Canada 7/ 29
Issues with external devices
Many pins
Mechanical failure rates increased
Design time increased routing issues
Cost increased, board size increased
Continually redesigning same thing
Compatibility between parts
Upgrade part
Many similar options between different projects
In Real-life -- Dont need 100% flexibility

13 September 2006
Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller
M. Smith, University of Calgary, Canada 8/ 29
MicroCONTROLLER Basic concept
CPU

contains
CCU
ALU
data registers
and
pointer registers
CONTROL

ADDRESS










DATA

Microcontroller put a limited amount of most commonly used resources
inside the chip a limited amount is often enough for many applications
BOOT
ROM

Used at
startup




Instruction
(program)
ROM




Transducers
UART
Parallel
interface
Etc



Data
RAM
13 September 2006
Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller
M. Smith, University of Calgary, Canada 9/ 29
Advantages of microCONTROLLER
over microPROCESSOR
Pin count down
Design time down, Board layout size down
Upgrade path easier matching between
peripherals for speed
Cost down bulk purchases
Reliability up
Common software / hardware design
environment available from manufacturer
13 September 2006
Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller
M. Smith, University of Calgary, Canada 10/ 29
Issues when using microcontroller
Two types of memory speed issues when using
On-chip fast, easy to access, almost as fast as using a
register, limited amount of on-chip memory available
Off-chip slower to access additional cost
Use on-chip memory in a cache mode (copy off-chip data to on-
chip when processing data, then copy back)
External components still there
E.g. Video CODECs need to use DMA Direct Memory Access
so that the controller can get on with the processing and let
something else worry about moving data in and out of the chip
Real time environment
Event driven cant WAIT for a device to become ready, cant
POLL to see if device is ready, interrupt handling is key
All these resources are power hungry and compete for
resources (data busses etc) special features to control power
use

13 September 2006
Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller
M. Smith, University of Calgary, Canada 11/ 29
Components of the Blackfin Board
From smallest to largest
Processor Core
One core on Blackfin ADSP-BF533 processor
Two cores on Blackfin ADSP-BF561 processor
Processor itself
core + some memory + some other built
incapability
Blackfin Evaluation board
Dont forget the software development package
VisualDSP++
13 September 2006
Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller
M. Smith, University of Calgary, Canada 12/ 29

Blackfin ADSP-BF533 CORE
THIS IS
ANIMATED
13 September 2006
Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller
M. Smith, University of Calgary, Canada 13/ 29
Some key discussed elements from the
previous slide
Why did the processor designers allow 2 loads from
memory at the same time, a load and store at the
same time, but not two stores at the same time?
Why would the processor designers place 8-bit
ALUs operations available on a processor that has
32-bit registers?
Give an example of an instruction where four 8-bit
ALU operations occur at the same time
Give an example of an instruction where two 16-bit
ALU operations occur at the same time

13 September 2006
Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller
M. Smith, University of Calgary, Canada 14/ 29

The chip itself
CORE
13 September 2006
Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller
M. Smith, University of Calgary, Canada 15/ 29
Enter the key elements from previous slide
Will you learn to flash memory in this class,
and how would you do it and why?
What does a watch-dog timer do and how
do you find out how to feed it?
What does the acronym MMU stand for?
What does the acronym SPI stand for, and in
what labs will we be using the SPI?
When is the PPI used?
Whats a real time clock?


13 September 2006
Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller
M. Smith, University of Calgary, Canada 16/ 29

EVALUATION BOARD
13 September 2006
Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller
M. Smith, University of Calgary, Canada 17/ 29
Lab. 1 demonstration of microcontroller
capability
Use the microcontroller
Configure the FLASH memory
Contains memory and also I/O components (input /
output)
Use the FLASH memory I/O capability to control
the LED
Configure the PF I/O lines (Programmable flags)
Used to control many of the external devices (chip select
and timing lines)
Used as input (Lab. 2) and / or interrupt lines (Lab. 3)

13 September 2006
Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller
M. Smith, University of Calgary, Canada 18/ 29
Push-button switches (PF lines)
LED (controlled by FLASH memory logic)

13 September 2006
Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller
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Need to learn how to configure the flash memory so that
We can control the LEDs

If we can control the LEDs then we have signals that
could be used for a radio-controlled car
Parallel
interfaces
present on
the
FLASH
memory
chips
13 September 2006
Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller
M. Smith, University of Calgary, Canada 20/ 29
Configure the PF lines (Programmable
Flags Input and output pins)
Replace one button input with the input
of a temperature transducer and you
have designed a Software controlled
thermometer

TMP03 will be used in Laboratory 2
Animated
13 September 2006
Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller
M. Smith, University of Calgary, Canada 21/ 29
Control of the PF lines how / why?
FIO_FLAG_D Data register
FIO_EDGE -- Edge register
FIO_DIR -- Direction register
FIO_POLAR -- Polarity register

13 September 2006
Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller
M. Smith, University of Calgary, Canada 22/ 29
PF lines being used already to control
other devices We are not alone!!
When we change the
PF registers bits, we
must ONLY change
those over which we
have control
PF8, PF9, PF10, PF11

Must learn the
instructions to safely
change some register
bits and not others
(AND and OR
instructions)
FIO_FLAG_D register has 16 I/O pins
(Flag pins) available
13 September 2006
Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller
M. Smith, University of Calgary, Canada 23/ 29
Enter the key elements from previous slide
Which A/D is used on the Blackfin board?
Why are the signals that control the LEDs
coming from the FLASH?
What does SPORT1 means, and what
external device is being controlled by it?
How does the SPORT device allow time
sharing of the bus by several different
external devices?

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Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller
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Audio-Video Interaction of ADSP-BF533
Ez-Kit Lite with the outside world

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Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller
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13 September 2006
Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller
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Review quiz
CPU stands for

CCU stands for

ALU stands for

DMA stands for
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Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller
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Review Quiz
How come the FLASH memory must be used to
control the LEDs and not the GPIO register pins
(general purpose I/O)?

Why cant we use PF0 line in Lab. 2 to read
temperature transducer input signals?

Why will AND and OR operations be necessary
when we control the PF I/O lines?

What does PF stand for?
13 September 2006
Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller
M. Smith, University of Calgary, Canada 28/ 29
Tackled today
Basic microprocessor
Concept of a microcontroller
Difference between the Blackfin
microcontroller and Blackfin Ez-Kit Lite
evaluation board
Capabilities of the ADSP-BF533 Blackfin Ez-
Kit Lite evaluation board
Various acronyms that will be used in the
course

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