ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

S T E P H E N P. R O B B I N S
W W W . P R E N H A L L . C O M / R O B B I N S
T E N T H E D I T I O N
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AFTER STUDYING THIS CHAPTER,
YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
1. Define the key biographical characteristics.
2. Identify two types of ability.
3. Shape the behavior of others.
4. Distinguish between the four schedules of
reinforcement.
5. Clarify the role of punishment in learning.
6. Practice self-management
7. Exhibit effective discipline skills.
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Biographical Characteristics
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Ability
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Number aptitude
Verbal comprehension
Perceptual speed
Inductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Spatial visualization
Memory
Dimensions of
Intellectual Ability
E X H I B I T 2-1
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Physical Ability
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Other Factors
Body coordination
Balance
Stamina
Nine Physical Abilities
Strength Factors
Dynamic strength
Trunk strength
Static strength
Explosive strength
Flexibility Factors
Extent flexibility
Dynamic flexibility
E X H I B I T 2-2
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Ability-Job
Fit
The Ability-Job Fit
Employees
Abilities
Jobs Ability
Requirements
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Learning
Learning
Involves change
Is relatively permanent
Is acquired through experience
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Theories of Learning
Key Concepts
Unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned response
Conditioned response
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Theories of Learning (contd)
Key Concepts
Reflexive (unlearned) behavior
Conditioned (learned) behavior
Reinforcement
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Theories of Learning (contd)
Key Concepts
Attention processes
Retention processes
Motor reproduction processes
Reinforcement processes
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Theories of Learning (contd)
Key Concepts
Reinforcement is required to change behavior.
Some rewards are more effective than others.
The timing of reinforcement affects learning
speed and permanence.
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Schedules of Reinforcement
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Schedules of Reinforcement (contd)
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E X H I B I T 2-4
Schedules of Reinforcement
Fixed-ratio
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Intermittent Schedules of Reinforcement
E X H I B I T 2-5a
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Intermittent Schedules of Reinforcement (contd)
E X H I B I T 2-5b
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Behavior Modification
Problem-solving Model
Identify critical behaviors
Develop baseline data
Identify behavioral consequences
Apply intervention
Evaluate performance improvement
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OB MOD Organizational Applications
Well Pay versus Sick Pay
Reduce absenteeism by rewarding attendance, not
absence.
Employee Discipline
The use of punishment can be counter-productive.
Developing Training Programs
OB MOD methods improve training effectiveness.
Self-management
Reduces the need for external management control.