Energy, Force, and Motion

identifying energy transformations;

Identifying and analyzing the transfer of heat energy by conduction,
convection, and radiation
interpreting a phase diagram; describing and calculating velocity and
acceleration;
comparing Newtons three laws; calculating mechanical advantage;
understanding
the work of simple machines
Waves, Electricity, and Magnetism
investigating light and sound phenomena and comparing light to sound;
Doppler effect; describing the causes of static electricity; constructing and
analyzing
series and parallel circuits; describing the relationship between voltage, current
and
resistance and relating electricity and magnetism and common applications

Velocity
Velocity
V = velocity (meters/second)
d = distance (meters)
t = time (seconds)
d
V =
t

Velocity

seconds
0
2
1
3
Speed=?
Velocity=?
16 meters
12 meters
20 meters
Total time=
4 seconds
Numerator
Denominator
5
12
Acceleration
Acceleration is how quickly
velocity changes over time.
X L eh ray shun


Speed
0
2
1
3
Meters/second
Acceleration

A =
(V
final
- V
initial
)
time
___________
Acceleration the change
in velocity over time.


Acceleration =
change in velocity
time
2 1
1 = beginning velocity
2 = ending velocity
The graph below relates speed and time
of four cars (1, 2, 3, and 4) traveling
along a straight highway.
Which two cars move with zero
acceleration?
1 and 4
2 and 3
1 and 2
3 and 4
Which of the following is certain
to change as a ball accelerates?

mass of the ball
inertia of the ball
velocity of the ball
force acting on the ball
What must happen to an object in
order to accelerate it?

A net force must be applied.
Some weight must be removed.
Its frictional coefficient must be
reduced.
It must contain momentum.
Which of these describes the
object with the largest
acceleration ?

An object with a small change in
velocity over a small change in time
An object with a small change in
velocity over a large change in time
An object with a large change in
velocity over a small change in time
An object with a large change in
velocity over a large change in time

Scalar
a measurement that does
NOT contain direction.
Egg sample: Speed

Vector
a measurement that contains
direction.
Egg sample: Velocity
Forces of Nature
Gravitational Magnetic
Lower



NEWTONs Laws
1st Law of Motion :

ih ner shah
An object will
remain at a
constant speed
(unless disturbed).
NEWTONs 1st Law of Motion
is the law of

the mass times velocity of an object
p = m v
Momentum = mass x velocity
(Kgrams) (meters/second)

the force of a
moving body.

Higher mass higher momentum
Higher velocity higher momentum
Momentum = mass x velocity

includes velocity.
So, it has direction.
Momentum points in the
direction of motion.
Conservation of momentum
When objects collide, all of the
momentum goes somewhere.
Conservation of momentum
When objects collide, all of the
momentum goes somewhere.
Conservation of momentum
When objects collide, all of the
momentum goes somewhere.
Conservation of momentum
When objects collide, all of the
momentum goes somewhere.
NEWTONs
2
nd
Law of Motion :


An object that
has a force
acting on it will
change its speed
(accelerate).
NEWTONs
2
nd
Law of Motion :



f = ma
= (newtons)
= (Kilograms)
= (meters/second
2
)
force = mass acceleration
NEWTONs
2
nd
Law of Motion :

f = ma
of the club
of the club
of the club

Force of gravity
Force of muscles
Net force
When the net force is Zero.
-> NO movement



When the net force is NOT Zero.
-> movement
2 Kg
?
Static Equilibrium Balanced forces
When all forces are balanced.
The net force is Zero.
There is NO movement.
3 Kg
5
0

N

5
0

N

50 N
50 N
NEWTONs
3rd Law of Motion:


For every action there is
an equal and opposite reaction.
NEWTONs
3rd Law of Motion:


For every action, there is
an equal and opposite reaction.
NEWTONs
3rd Law of Motion:


Balanced or unbalanced?
Action
Reaction
Gravity Inertia Friction
balanced UN
Time (mSec)
S
p
e
e
d

(
m
/
s
)

BALL
Ground
balanced UN
Time (mSec)
S
p
e
e
d

(
m
/
s
)

BALL
PUTTER
balanced UN
Time (Sec)
S
p
e
e
d

(
m
/
s
)

SKATE
A car is traveling down a hill. Which
of the following will affect the amount
of energy the car has?

how long the car is
the time of day
how much the car weighs
the color of the car
Friction
the resistive force that occurs
when two surfaces travel past
each other.
causes physical deformation
generates heat
Friction
the resistive
force that
occurs when
two surfaces
contact each
other.
Oliver the dog doesn't want to
walk in the rain. He can make his
owner pull harder on the leash to
get him out the door by

sitting on the vinyl floor.
sitting on the tile floor.
sitting on the carpeted floor.
sitting on the wood floor.



Pauline needs to measure the sliding friction of a
brick. How should she go about doing this?
attach the brick to a string and then to a spring
scale and read the force needed to quickly lift the
brick off the ground
drag the brick by a string attached to a spring scale
so that it gradually speeds up
drag the brick by a string attached to a spring scale
along the surface of a table at a constant speed and
read the force
hang the brick from a string attached to a spring
scale and read the force
Sliding friction-the drag
force created when the surface of
one object slides across the
surface of another object.
Sliding Friction Lab
Object
Surface
force (Newstons)
terminal velocity gravity will
accelerate an object until air
resistance (friction) does not
allow it to go any faster.
In the absence of air resistance,
which of these objects will fall at
the fastest rate when dropped?



the ball with a mass of 75 kg
the ball with a mass of 25 kg
the ball with a mass of 10 kg
They all fall at the same rate.
Pressure is the amount of force
exerted over a certain area.
Pressure = Force
Area
(newtons)
2
1 Pascal = 1 Newton/meter
2
W = f d
{
Distance
Force
{ Distance
Gravitational force
Gravitational force
Gravitational force
o INCREASES with Mass
o DECREASES with Distance
All objects in the universe are
attracted to each other by the
force of
effort.
friction.
gravity.
inertia.
Four pairs of objects have the masses
shown below. If the objects in each pair
are the same distance apart, the
gravitational force between the objects
in which pair is greatest?
1 kilogram and 1 kilogram
1 kilogram and 2 kilograms
2 kilograms and 1 kilogram
2 kilograms and 2 kilograms

As an astronaut travels from Earth to a
space station orbiting Earth, what
happens to her mass and weight?

Her mass decreases, but her weight
remains the same.
Her mass increases as her weight
decreases.
Her mass remains the same, but her
weight decreases.
Her mass decreases and her weight
also decreases.
Which hill would you slide down
the fastest?
hill A
hill B
hill C
It would take the same time to
slide down all of the hills.
Projectile
Motion
seconds
0
2
1
3
Velocity (m/s)
forward downward
0 50 9.8 19.6 29.4 39.2
Projectile
Motion
seconds
0
2
1
3
Velocity (m/s)
forward downward
0 50 9.8 19.6 29.4 39.2 49 48 47 46
Simple
Machines
Pulley
Wheel &
Axle
Lever
Inclined plane
Screw
Wedge
Gear


Simple Machines
Pulley

Wheel & Axle

Lever
Inclined plane

Screw

Wedge

Gear
Which activity involves the use of
a simple machine?

riding on a seesaw
flying a kite
listening to a radio
skiing down a hill
Simple Machine
A mechanism that lowers
the amount of force needed
to do work, by increasing
the distance.

On which simple machine is a
fulcrum found?

pulley
wheel
axle
lever

ALL Simple Machines
work the same way
1 meter
2 meters
Lever action
Force=13 N
Force= ?
3 meters
9 meters
Mechanical
Advantage= final distance
starting distance
2 meters
8 meters
Mechanical
Advantage= distance
distance
Which of the following is often
used as a lever?

file
nail
saw
crowbar
The Wedge
The bottom of this light bulb is
an example of what type of
simple machine?
a lever
a pulley
a screw
a wedge
What type of simple machine is
used to split things apart?

screw
wheel and axle
wedge
inclined plane
What type of simple machine is
used to pull a flag up to the top
of a flagpole?

screw
wheel and axle
inclined plane
pulley
Pulley Lab
A fixed pulley
B movable pulley
C double pulley (end in top)
D double pulley (end in bottom)

A. fixed pulley B. movable pulley











C. double pulley (end in top) D. double pulley
(end in bottom)
Get out your own sheet of paper
1. Write down the force of the
weight (newtons).
2. For each pulley system write
down the NEW force of
the weight.
Pull the string exactly 20
cm.
Write down the distance
(cm) that the weight
moved.
Calculate the mechanical
advantage.
Force of the weight
ONLY.
Hook on
Bottom
dude !
DO THIS FIRST!
BIG Teeth=16
small Teeth =8

16:8
2:1

So, the small gear
spins TWICE AS FAST
as the big gear.
calculating
mechanical
Advantage
A 200 pound man lifts a rock weighing
800 pounds by standing on the end of
a lever. How much mechanical
advantage did the lever provide ?

M.A. = 800 Kg/200 Kg = 4

If you wuz n a
Merry-go-round
& yuz let go,
Which wayz wud yu go?

Centripetal force
The inward force
on a spinning object,
that stops it
from going in
a straight line.
Perpendicular
Centripetal force

Centripetal force
sen tripit ul
The inward
force
on a
Spinning
object.
Centripetal force
The
inward force
on a
Spinning
object.
Satellites stay in place as they orbit
because of . . .
the repeated firing of rocket
boosters.
the gravitational pull of Earth.
a narrow path through the vacuum
of space.
solar panels generating energy to
hold them in place

Produced by Jake Israel

Directed by Jake Israel

Original Story by Jake Israel

Screenplay Jake Israel

Engineer Jake Israel

Photo enhancement Jake Israel

Casting Jake Israel

Editor Jake Israel

Custom animation Jake Israel

Location manager Jake Israel

Special Effects Jake Israel

Field research Jake Israel




2009
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