B.

ANATOMY OF THE
HEART
 use diagram from textbook, be
able to identify valves
chambers and vessels
associated with the heart.
C. CIRCULATION
THROUGH THE
HEART
 Two types of circulation in the heart:
 1. PULMONARY: carries
deoxygenated blood from the right
venticle, through the pulmonary arteries
and to the lungs where carbon dioxide
is removed from the blood and oxygen
is added to it.
oxygenated blood returns to the
heart through the pulmonary
veins and into the left atrium.
 2. SYSTEMIC: carries oxygenated
blood from the left ventricle,
through the aorta and eventually
through smaller and smaller
arterioles and capillaries to every
cell of the body.
returns blood low in oxygen and
high in carbon dioxide, from the
body cells through capillares,
then venules then veins and
finally through the superior and
inferior vena cava, to the right
atrium of the heart
D. CONTRACTION
OF THE HEART
 the heart is made from
MYOGENIC MUSCLE, a type
of muscle that is self stimulating,
it beats with no external nerve
control.
 the rate of contraction of the heart is
set by the PACEMAKER OR S.A.
NODE, located on the top of the
right atrium, it sends an electrical
charge that spreads over both atria
causing them to contract together.
the charge is felt by a second node,
AV NODE, located between the
atria and ventricles, it conducts the
charge to the rest of the heart
causing the ventricles to contract
together; after the atria have
contracted.
 two regulatory nerves influence the
pacemakers control of heart rate:
 SYMPATHETIC NERVES: increase
heart rate during times of stress
 PARASYMPATHETIC: decrease heart
rate during periods of relaxation
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH is a
medical instrument the monitors
the electrical activity of the heart.
it can be used to diagnose heart
problems and to monitor the body’s
response to exercise and stress.
E. HEART SOUNDS
thecharacteristic “lub dub” sound
of the heart is caused by blood
moving through valves into the
different chambers of the heart.
themovement is in two phases:
DIASTOLE: heart relaxation
(ventricles)
SYSTOLE: heart contraction
(Ventricles)
the “lub” sound of the heart is
created when the AV valves shut
and the semilunar valves open.
the “dub” sound of the heart is
created when the semilunar valves
close and the AV valves open.
a HEART MURMUR is caused
by incomplete closure of the
heart valves; creating a
gurgling sound or murmur
319-326
ALL