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Applications of
Bituminous Emulsions in
Road Construction
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CONTENTS
Definition
Why is Emulsions used?
Types of Emulsions.
Commercial types.
Properties.
Standard Tests.
Uses.
Popular Commercial Brands.
Conclusion.
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What is Bitumen Emulsion?

Bitumen Emulsion is liquid product in
which a substantial amount of bitumen is
suspended in a finely divided condition in
an aqueous medium and stabilized by
means of one or more suitable materials.
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Why emulsions is used?
As the it can flow in atmospheric
temperature.
Can also be used in wet road condition.
No heating is required neither for emulsion
nor pre-heating of aggregate.
Ideal for patch and repair work.
Useful for sealing cracks since they can
penetrate fine cracks.
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Where is Bituminous Emulsion
used?
Where there is lack of heating facilities in
remote areas.
When addition of volatile solvents when
added to binders suffered the disadvantage
that they have to be used only for dry
surfaces.

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Main function of Emulsion
Forming the protective coating around the
globules of binder resisting the coalescence
of the globules.

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Types of Emulsifiers
Anionic Emulsifiers
Cationic Emulsifiers
Non- ionic Emulsifiers
Colloidal Emulsifiers

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Anionic Emulsions
Negatively charged bitumen
Are normally derived from mineral,
vegetables or wood sources saponified with
sodium or potassium hydroxide.
Are covered under IS:3117-1965

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Anionic Emulsifiers
Na-
Na-
Na-
Na-
Na-
Na-
Bitumen Globule
Sodium Sterate
(Soap Solution)
CH3(CH2)16COO
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Cationic Emulsion
Positively charged bitumen emulsion
Are amines salts made by reacting
Hydrochloric acid or acetic acid with an
organic amine or diamine.
Are covered under IS :8887-1978



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Cationic Emulsifiers
Br+
Br+
Br+
Br+
Br+
Br+
Bitumen Globule
Ammonium Bromite
C16H33(CH3)3NBr
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Commercial Types of Emulsions
as per IS:8887
Slow-Set
Medium-Set
Rapid-Set
Related to viscosity and hardness of base
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Slow Set Grade Emulsion
When we have a dense graded mix in which
fine aggregates are used, the surface area is
so large that we require more time to mix
the fine aggregates with bitumen emulsion
and hence slow setting emulsions, which
gives that time before breaking, is the right
one.
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Medium Set grade
When we are making use of open graded mix
this medium set grade is made use of.
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Rapid set grade
For surface dressing work when you want
immediate application of cover chips.

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Related to viscosity and hardness of
base
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Properties of Emulsions

Residue on Sieving
Stability of Mixing with Coarse Graded
Aggregate
Stability to mixing with Cement
Water Cement
Sedimentation
Viscosity



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Test for Bituminous Emulsions
Water content test
Viscosity of emulsion
Stability on storage
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Desirable values as per IRC
Residue on Sieving Should be seen that not
more than 0.25% by
weight of emulsion
consists of particles
>0.15mm dia
Viscosity of Emulsion Available with 5-20deg
Engler. But max of 9deg
is recommended for
spraying.
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Desirable values as per IRC
Coagulation on Storage Not more than 0.1gm of
residue per 100ml of
Emulsion after seven
days
Long period Storage
Stability
The difference in water
content after three
months of storage should
not be more than 2%.
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Uses of Emulsions
Road construction ,maintenance and patch
repair works.
Soil stabilization of sands in desert areas.
When the aggregates are wet.
Can be used when the weather is cold.
Eliminate the need of heat the aggregate
and binder and thus conservative energy.
Eliminates environmental pollution.


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Amount of Bitumen Emulsions used
in some countries
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Popular Brands
Bituminous Emulsion with MICA T - 30A
Application:- Bitumen emulsion for protection of
Structural surfaces from atmospheric corrosion and attack
of industrial fumes.
It is recommended as a binder for acid - resistant tiles.
Also available with casein base. Can be used along with
sand & cement mortar for binding & filling cracks and
crevices.
Bituminous Emulsion with MICA T - 10 - IS 7393 / 74
Application:- A colloidal clay - type bitumen emulsion for
use in waterproofing & as an impermeable moisture
barrier for laying insulation slabs.
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Commercial Emulsion
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Conclusions
Cold mixes are equally good as hot mixes;
they have same structural strength as hot
mixes. In fact they are more stable then hot
mixes in higher defection areas because they
are more flexible than a hot mixes. Reducing
pollution, saving energy are the added
advantages with cold mixes.
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References
Seminar on Bituminous Roads: Design and
Construction Aspects, Indian Road
Congress, Aug 26-26 1994 New-Delhi .
Dr. L. R. Kadyali, Dr. N.B. Lal, Highway
Engineering, Khanna Publishers.
S.K. Khanna, Dr. C.E.G. Justo, Highway
Engineering, Nem Chand & Bros, Roorkee.
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Thank You