Solid Waste

Management
Presented By:-
Vijendra Kumar Gupta
Urvashi Tiwari
Prateek Aniruddha Sarin
Kuldeep Singh Bhati
Overview
Introduction
Hydrothermal Treatment by using
Subcritical water
Case study
Comparative study
References
Municipal Solid Waste
Municipal solid waste (MSW), commonly known
as trash or garbage (US), refuse or rubbish (UK)
is a waste type consisting of everyday items that
are discarded by the public.

Disposal of MSW
Different management/treatment which are
given to the waste:-
1. Land Filling




Incineration &
Gasification
Hydrothermal Treatment Using
Sub-critical Water (HTSW)

Hydrothermal treatment technology employs the
combination of heat and water to convert
unutilized resources into uniform product.

Pressurised hot water is known as subcritical
water.


Why subcritical water?

It has hydrolytic and pyrolitic reaction
characteristics, result from a decrease in the
dielectric constant and increase in the ion product
of water at temperatures and pressures below
and near 374
o
C and 22.1 Mpa.
Features of HTSW
No drying process is required prior to HTSW.
Char is produced with minimal carbon loss.
The char produced has a heating value
comparable to that of lignite & brown coal.
Liquid filtrate produced has organic compounds
such as Alcohols, ester, aldehydes etc. which can
be recovered as valuable products.
Process Description
This process operates as a batch system.
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and distilled water
(three times of MSW by mass) are added to an
autoclave reactor.
The system is then stirred at 150 rpm.
Steam is now added at T=75-150
o
C
Now reactor is set at one of the following
conditions-
Low Temperature conditions (234
o
C, 3 MPa)
High Temperature conditions (295
o
C, 8 MPa)


These conditions are maintained for 5 min in the
reactor.
Nitrogen gas (T=75
o
C ) is then purged into the
autoclave reactor in order to discharge the
resulting gas.
The resulting mixture (constituting solid, liquid
and gas phase) is cooled down in a vapor gas
condensing bottles, and non condensable gas
then being collected in Tedlar bag.

Setup
In-Hee Hwang, Hiroya Aoyama, Toshihiko Matsuto, Tatsuhiro Nakagishi, Takayuki Matsuo.
Recovery of solid fuel from municipal solid waste by hydrothermal treatment using subcritical
water. Waste Management 32(2012) 410-416.


The solid-liquid mixture is collected by rinsing
with distilled water and then filtered with 1
micron pore-sized filter paper.
Solid components are then dried for 105
o
C for 12
h, which are then pulverized to grain-sized 500
micron particles.
The filtrate obtained is then cooled and scrubbed
filtered with 1 micron pore-sized filter paper.

Case Study of Aurobindo
Hostel
1. It accommodates 32 dustbins each producing 5
Kg of solid waste daily.
2. Besides this solid waste of mess & canteen
constitute 200 kg on daily basis.
Composition of SW

30%
40%
20%
10%
Organic Food Waste
Plastics/Polythene
Paper waste
Sand & others
Yield at Lower Temperature
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Paper Food Wood Plastic
Yield 0.66 0.66 0.59 0.98
Y
i
e
l
d

Lower Temperature
Yield at High Temperature
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Paper Food Wood Plastic
Yield 0.66 0.66 0.59 0.98
Y
i
e
l
d

High Temperature
Heating Value Produced
Type of
Waste
Amount
of
waste
(in kg)
Heating
Value in
LT (in
KJ/kg)
Energy
Produced
in LT
(in KJ)
Heating
Value in
HT (in
KJ/kg)
Energy
Produced
in HT (in
KJ)

Paper 32 13780 260166.40 21359 307569.60
Food 248 24106 3766321.44 24727 3372762.8
0
Wood 0 21571 0 25724 0
Plastics 64 0 0 0 0
Total 354 4026487.84

3680332.40


Heating Value of LPG= 49742 KJ /kg.
So the energy produced by the char produced
from solid waste collected from Aurobindo Hostel
is equivalent to 74 to 81 kg of LPG which is equal
to 5 LPG domestic cylinder(14.2kg).
Comparative Study
Parameter Land
filling
Incineratio
n
Gasification HTSW
Installation &
Operational
Cost
Low High Very High High
Environmental
Impact
Affects
land
,water and
air in local
areas.
Affects air
and largely
responsible
for climate
change.
Pollutes air
and adds to
global
warming.
Low impact.
Service in
Return
Nothing Less energy
is recovered
in form of
heat.
High amount
of energy is
produced.
Very high
amount of
energy is
produced.
Ease of
operation
Cant be
done
locally.
Cant be
done locally.
Cant be
done locally
and special
skills are
required.
Can be done
locally with
less amount
of special
skills
required.
References
In-Hee Hwang, Hiroya Aoyama, Toshihiko Matsuto, Tatsuhiro
Nakagishi, Takayuki Matsuo. Recovery of solid fuel from municipal
solid waste by hydrothermal treatment using subcritical water.
Waste Management 32(2012) 410-416.
Brunner, G., 2009. Near critical and supercritical water. Part I.
Hydrolytic and hydrothermal processes. The Journal of
Supercritical Fluids 47, 373381
Thermochemical Liquidization and Anaerobic Treatment of Kichen
Garbage. Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering 83 (5),
451455. Shen, D.K., Gu, S., 2009.