N. Ganesan, Ph.D. , All rights reserved.

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N. Ganesan, Ph.D. , All rights reserved.
Chapter
Asynchronous and Synchronous
Transmission
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Chapter Objectives
Explain the features of asynchronous
and synchronous transmission and
possible areas of application for each
transmission type
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Chapter Modules

Asynchronous Transmission
Synchronous Transmission
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N. Ganesan, Ph.D. , All rights reserved.
Module
Asynchronous Transmission
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Questions
What is the characterizing feature of
asynchronous transmission?
Give some examples of asynchronous
transmission
Can asynchronous transmission be
conducted at high and low speeds?
Give examples in each case

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Asynchronous Transmission
Burst mode transmission
Sender and receiver are not
synchronized with respect to the flow
of the information
However, the sender and receiver are
synchronized with respect to the timing
of the characters that are transmitted
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A Note on Asynchronous
Transmission
In the past, asynchronous transmission
referred only to character by character
transmission where each character
contained information about timing etc.
Note the use of start and stop bits
At present, the concept of asynchronous
transmission can be extended to cover
packet transmissions as well
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The Use of the Word Asynchronous
Asynchronous Transmission
Generally refers to the transmission of
characters with each character carrying
information about timing
Asynchronous Communication
Refers to overall communication between
two points
An example in this case would be ATM
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Asynchronous Transmission
Applied to Characters
Stop Bit Start Bit
Each character is individually timed.
Character Frame
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Asynchronous Transmission
Applied to Packets
Packets of data Packets of data
Burst of Data
A
B
Intermittent transmission of packets of data
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Analogy
Host expecting the
arrival of guests
Intermittent of burst arrival
of guests
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Asynchronous
Transmission/Communication
Application
Character by character transmission
Data packet transmission at present
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Speed Variations In
Asynchronous Transmission
Low and high-speed transmissions are
possible
Low speed
Almost all modem based communications fall
into this category
High speed
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
Internet is a good example where
asynchronous communication is used
predominantly to carry the information
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Questions
What is the characterizing feature of
asynchronous transmission?
Give some examples of asynchronous
transmission
Can asynchronous transmission be
conducted at high and low speeds?
Give examples in each case

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End of Module
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N. Ganesan, Ph.D. , All rights reserved.
Module
Synchronous Transmission
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Questions
How does synchronous transmission
differ from asynchronous transmission?
Where is synchronous transmission
used in practice?
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Synchronous Transmission
Sender and receiver are synchronized with
respect to the sending and receiving of
information
Each character need not have a start-bit and a
stop-bit as the sender and the receiver are
both synchronized
Requires more hardware and software
resources
High speed communication is the norm
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A Note on Synchronous
Transmission
The definition of synchronous
transmission refers to the transmission
of characters
However, the use of the word
synchronous can be extended to cover
packet transmission as well
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Usage in Practice
Which one of the two transmissions is
used widely in the real world? Explain.
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Examples of Synchronous
Transmission
High-speed communication links
established using synchronous modems
It is now possible to establish high speed
links based on asynchronous transmission
Used in a number of mainframe
installations
Collective exchange of information
between the mainframe and the peripheral
devices is based on synchronous
transmission
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In Summary
Synchronous transmission plays a
smaller role compared to asynchronous
transmission in practice
Implementation of synchronous
transmission requires more resources
Asynchronous technology has advanced
It is no more necessary to rely on
synchronous communication to establish a
high speed communication link
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End of Module
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End of Chapter
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