COMPOSTING

Hermawati Widyapratami
Robby Hermawan
Tastaptyani Kurnia Nufutomo

Environmental Microbiology pre requisite, 2014
Background
Compost
Micro
organism
Organic
waste
Environment
What is Compost?
Composting is the biological
decomposition of organic matter under
controlled conditions brought about by the
growth of microorganisms and
invertebrates.
How to make compost?
Standard Regulation for Composting in Indonesia
How is the process of composting?
Composting Process
Aerobic
Process
Anaerobic
Process
Aerobic Process

Gula (CH
2
O)x + O
2
x CO
2
+ H
2
O + E
(Selulose, Hemiselulose)
N-organik (Protein) NH
4
+
NO
2
+
NO
3
-
+ E
Sulfur organik (S) + xO
2
SO
4
-2
+ E
Fosfor organik H
3
BO
3
Ca (HPO
4
)
(Fitin, Lesitin)

Reaksi Utuh:

Aktivitas mikroorganisme
Bahan organik CO
2
+ H
2
O + hara + humus + E

(484 - 674 kcal/mol glukosa)

Herdiyantoro, 2010
Anaerobic Process
Bakteri penghasil asam Methanomonas
(CH
2
O)x xCH
3
COOH CH
4
+ CO
2

N-organik NH
3

2H
2
S + CO
2
(CH
2
O)x + S + H
2
O + E (26
kcal/mol glukosa)

Herdiyantoro, 2010
Influence Factors Of Composting
C/N
Temperature
Micro
organisme
Aeration
RH
(moisture)
Material
structure
Material
size
Mixing
(homogenization)
pH
Composting Stage
Curing
Stage
Active Stage
(Thermofilic
Phase)
Initial Stage
(Mesophilic
Phase)
20
o
C 40
o
C
A Few days
40
o
C 68
o
C, As High As 77
o
C
A Few days to several month
Cooling and
Maturation
Several Month
Initial Stage (Mesophilic Phase)
Bacteria and Fungi play and
important role
Readily availability of Substrates
Excess energy is released as heat,
causing pile temperature to increase
Substrat
Cellulose
Hemi cellulose
Lignin
Protein
Active Stage (Thermofilic Phase)
Heat-loving bacteria
actinomycetes and fungi are key players
Heat intolerant organisms go dormant or
are destroyed
High temperatures accelerate breakdown
of proteins, fats, and complex polymers
Curing Stage
Immature compost
is converted into
mature compost
Bacteria population
decreased
Back to mesophilic
condition
Relation Between Microorganism Growth With
Temperature
Compost Biota
Fauna
Protozoa
Decomposer Microorganisms
Bacteria
Actinomycetes
Fungi
Microorganism Associated with Composting
Mesophilic Stage
Thermophilic Stage
Bacteria



Actinomycetes





Fungi



Pseudomonas, Bacillus,
Clostridium


Streptomyces





Alternaria,
Cladosporium,
Aspergillus, Mucor,
Humicola, Penicillium
Bacillus, Thermus



Streptomyces,
Micropolyspora,
Thermoactinomyces,
Thermomonospora


Aspergillus, Mucor,
Chaetomium, Humicola,
Absidia,Sporotrichum,