Introduction To The RAN14.0 Feature-Voice Experience Improvement For Weak Reception UEs V0.4

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Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Confidentiality: Internal
Introduction to the RAN14.0
Feature
Voice Experience Improvement
for Weak Reception UEs
Wireless Product Rollout Department
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 2
About This Course
This course is based on the radio access network (RAN)
14.0 version. Before you learn this course, ensure that you
have completed the following courses based on the xxx
version:

Objectives
After completing this course, you will be able to:
Be familiar with values and application scenarios of the Voice
Experience Improvement for Weak Reception UEs feature.
Explain the basic theory of the Voice Experience Improvement
for Weak Reception UEs feature.
Enable and verify the Voice Experience Improvement for Weak
Reception UEs feature based on manuals.
Contents
1 Feature Description
2 Feature Planning
3 Feature Deployment
4 Performance Optimization
5 O&M and Troubleshooting
6 Reference Document and Acronyms & Abbreviations

Locked
network long
call
Dual-mode
long call
Dual-mode
short call
Number of call drops
Page 5
Feature Description
On a live UMTS network, some phone models underperform when compared with other vendor phones
in the same radio environment:
Poor signal reception leads to downlink signaling radio bearer (SRB) failures.
The special antenna design leads to deteriorated signal reception when a user is holding the unit.
Therefore, these phone models are more prone to call drops. However, these phone models are
generally used by high Average Revenue Per User (APRU) users. To preferentially improve user
experience, Huawei introduces the Voice Experience Improvement for Weak Reception UEs feature.

Number of Call drops for normal
reception UEs
The call drop rate of weak
reception UEs is above average.
Basic Procedure
This feature enables the radio network controller (RNC) to identify weak
reception UEs based on the International Mobile Station Equipment Identity
(IMEI) and to configure dedicated power control and handover parameters
for the weak reception UEs. Based on the parameter settings, weak
reception UEs obtain a high downlink power control threshold in weak
coverage areas and perform handovers at the designated threshold. This
prevents frequent compressed mode measurements and call drops caused
by signal quality fluctuations.
The Voice Experience Improvement for Weak Reception UEs feature
involves two major procedures:
1. Weak reception UE identification: Upon receiving a CS service setup request from a UE, the
RNC identifies the UE type based on the IMEI Type Allocation Code (TAC).
2. Differentiated handling: The RNC assigns the weak reception UE dedicated radio performance
parameters for differentiated power control and handovers.
In areas not covered by a GSM network or areas with poor coverage, only
differentiated power control is recommended for this feature.
Page 6
Identification of Weak Reception UEs
Obtaining the IMEI:
If the IMEI acquisition function is enabled on the CN, the CN obtains the IMEI. If the IMEI acquisition function is disabled on the CN, the RNC
obtains the IMEI.
IMEI obtained by the CN: When a UE initiates a CS service setup request, the CN sends an Identity Request message to the UE to request
its IMEI. Then, the RNC extracts the IMEI contained in the Identity Response message sent from UE to the CN.
IMEI obtained by the RNC: When a UE initiates a CS service setup request, the RNC rather than the CN sends an Identity Request
message to the UE to request its IMEI after the security mode procedure has been successfully performed. The
RNC_CS_QUERY_UE_IMEI_SWITCH switch under PROCESSSWITCH2 specifies whether to enable the RNC to obtain the IMEI.

Identifying weak reception UEs
After obtaining the IMEI of a UE, the RNC extracts the TAC from the IMEI and checks whether the TAC is contained in the TAC list, which is
configured by running the ADD UIMEITAC command.
If the TAC is contained in the TAC list, the RNC determines that the UE is a weak reception UE and performs subsequent differentiated
handling procedures.
If the TAC is not contained in the TAC list, the RNC determines that the UE is not a weak reception UE and does not perform differentiated
handling procedures.

3. The RNC sends an MM NULL
message to the CN to prevent the
message serial number inconsistency
between the UE and the CN.
2. According to the instructions, the UE
sends the RNC an Identity Response
message containing its IMEI.
1. The RNC rather than the CN sends an
Identity Request message to a UE to
request its IMEI.
Page 7
Differentiated Power Control
After identifying a UE as a weak reception UE, the RNC configures dedicated maximum radio link (RL)
downlink (DL) transmit power for the weak reception UE, which ensures that the weak reception UE obtains
higher RL DL transmit power when CS signal quality is unfavorable.

Increasing the maximum RL DL transmit power affects the cell capacity. Therefore, when the RNC receives a CS voice service
setup request from a weak reception UE, the RNC decides whether to configure the maximum RL DL transmit power for the
weak reception UE based on the DL Transmitted Carrier Power (TCP) in the cell.
If the TCP in the cell is smaller than or equal to the value of SpecUserPwrEnDlPwrTrigThd, the RNC configures a high
maximum RL DL transmit power based on the SpecUserRlMaxDlPwr setting.
If the TCP in the cell is greater than the value of SpecUserPwrEnDlPwrTrigThd, the RNC configures a normal maximum RL
DL transmit power based on the RLMaxDlPwr setting.
Note: SpecUserRlMaxDlPwr takes effect only on 12.2 kbit/s adaptive multi-rate (AMR) services carried on DCHs. For CS and
PS services at other rates, the maximum RL DL transmit power is still specified by RLMaxDlPwr.
Differentiated power control does not apply to CS voice services carried over HSPA.
SPECUSER_AMR_PWRENHANCE_SWITCH under SpecUserFunctionSwitch controls the differentiated power control
function. When SPECUSER_AMR_PWRENHANCE_SWITCH is selected, the RNC performs differentiated power control on a
weak reception UE.
NodeB
UMTS

Higher DL max power
Normal DL max power
Weak reception UE
Normal reception UE
UMTS

Page 8
Differentiated Handovers

SpecUserHystFor2D: Delay in reporting the 2D event for special UEs.
SpecUserCSThd2DEcN0: Ec/N0 threshold for special UEs to report the 2D event.
SpecUserCSThd2FEcN0: Ec/N0 threshold for special UEs to report the 2F event.
SpecUserCSThd2DRSCP: RSCP threshold for special UEs to report the 2D event.
SpecUserCSThd2FRSCP: RSCP threshold for special UEs to report the 2F event.

SPECUSER_AMR_HOENHANCE_SWITCH under SpecUserFunctionSwitch controls the
differentiated handover function. When SPECUSER_AMR_HOENHANCE_SWITCH is selected,
the RNC performs a differentiated handover on a weak reception UE.

In areas not covered by a GSM network or areas with poor coverage, differentiated
handovers are not performed.

Weak reception UEs in the same radio environment can experience great fluctuations in signal quality.
This results in event 2D or 2F being reported frequently and also results in frequent compressed mode
measurements, which may cause call drops.
To address this issue, the RNC configures dedicated 2D/2F parameters for weak reception UEs to
prevent frequent compressed mode measurement, reduce call drops, and improve voice experience
for weak reception UEs. The parameters are as follows:
Page 9
Feature Dependency
This feature does not depend on and can be used with any
other features.
Page10
Feature Impact
Page 11
Number of
UEs
Processing
AMR Services
at the Cell
Edge
HSDPA
Throughput
(kbit/s)
HSDPA Throughput
After a 3-dB Increase in
the Maximum RL DL
Transmit Power for
UEs Processing AMR
Services (kbit/s)
Cell Capacity Reduction
Percentage After the
Increase (Percentage of
3 dB in the Total Cell
Power)
Throughput
Reduction
Percentage
After the
Increase
1 9062.0 9048.8 0.23% 0.15%
2 8926.2 8867.9 1.83% 0.65%
4 8701.1 8570.3 3.62% 1.50%
8 8107.1 7737.0 12.10% 4.57%
The RNC configures a high RL DL transmit power for weak reception UEs, which increases the
transmit power in the cell. When a cell has fixed DL transmit power, this feature imposes impacts on
cell capacity and HSDPA throughput. This page describes the impacts based on the following
simulations conducted by Huawei:
An HSDPA cell exists.
Two HSDPA UEs of category 10 are processing downlink services at the center of the cell, and
the channel quality indicator (CQI) is about 30.
UEs processing adaptive multi-rate (AMR) services locate at the cell edge (the Ec/N0 is 16 dB).
The maximum RL DL transmit power remains unchanged or increases by 3 dB.
The simulation results show that this feature has a small impact on cell
capacity and throughput.
Application Scenarios and Gains

Scenario with the GSM coverage much better than the UMTS coverage
In this scenario, call drop rate reduces to about 5% for weak reception UEs
after differentiated power control or differentiated handover is enabled. As a
result, the total call drop rate reduces to about 10%.
Scenario with no GSM network or poor GSM coverage
In this scenario, all drop rate reduces to about 5% for weak reception UEs
after differentiated power control is enabled.
Contents
2 Feature Planning

Feature Activation Requirements and
Information Collection
Page 14
Feature activation suggestions
Before deploying Voice Experience Improvement for Weak Reception UEs, analyze the
network coverage and the causes of high call drop rate of weak reception UEs. This feature is
recommended when a UMTS network meets all of the following conditions:
The weak reception UE's penetration rate is above 10%.
The call drop rate of weak reception UEs is above average.
The call drops are closely related to poor UMTS network coverage.
In areas not covered by a GSM network or areas with poor coverage, only differentiated
power control is recommended.
Currently, this feature applies only to iPhone 4 and iPhone 3GS.

Information collection before deployment
Before deploying this feature, the TAC information for weak reception UEs must be collected.
In addition, check whether the IMEI acquisition function is enabled on the CN. If not, this function
must be enabled on the RNC.

Network Planning
Version
This feature requires the RAN14.0 or later versions.
License
A license for Voice Experience Improvement for Weak Reception UEs
must have been activated.
Impact on NEs
This feature is implemented on the RNC and has no impact on UEs,
NodeBs, and CNs.
Contents
2 Feature Planning
Data Preparation
Page 17
Name Parameter ID Description Data Source
Handover Enhanced
Switch for Special UEs for
Speech Quality
Improvement
SpecUserFunction
Switch:SPECUSER
_AMR_HOENHANC
E_SWITCH
To enable differentiated handover for the Voice Experience
Improvement for Weak Reception UEs feature, perform the
following steps:
Set TAC_FUNC to Special_User_Enhance.
Select SPECUSER_AMR_HOENHANCE_SWITCH under
SpecUserFunctionSwitch.
Network plan
Power Enhanced Switch
for Special UEs for
Speech Quality
Improvement
SpecUserFunction
Switch:SPECUSER
_AMR_PWRENHA
NCE_SWITCH
To enable differentiated power control for Voice Experience
Improvement for Weak Reception UEs, perform the following
steps:
Set TAC_FUNC to Special_User_Enhance.
Select SPECUSER_AMR_PWRENHANCE_SWITCH under
SpecUserFunctionSwitch.
Network plan
Threshold for the
transmit power of
carriers in a cell.
SpecUserPwrEnDl
PwrTrigThd
This parameter must be configured for differentiated power control
on weak reception UEs.
A large value of this parameter leads to a significant decrease in
the call drop rate of AMR services of the weak reception UE
identified by the TAC, but a high probability of cell capacity
reduction. A small value of this parameter leads to a subtle
decrease in the call drop rate of AMR services of the weak
reception UE identified by the TAC, but a low probability of cell
capacity reduction. The recommended value is 80.
Network plan
Maximum transmit power
of special UEs requiring
good voice experience.
This parameter applies
only to 12.2 kbit/s AMR
services.
SpecUserRlMaxDl
Pwr
A large value of this parameter leads to a decrease in cell capacity.
A small value of this parameter leads to an increase in the call drop
rate of AMR services of the weak reception UE identified by the
TAC. The value 30 is recommended for 12.2 kbit/s AMR services.
Network plan
Name Parameter ID Description Data Source
Delay in reporting the 2D event. SpecUserHystFor2D This parameter setting is related to slow fading. A large value of this parameter
leads to a low probability of ping-pong handovers and incorrect decisions, but a
long delay for triggering event 2D. A small value of this parameter leads to a
high probability of premature compressed mode startups, which reduces the
cell capacity. The recommended value is 6.
Network plan
Ec/N0 threshold for special UEs
to report the 2D event.
SpecUserCSThd2DEcN0 A large value of this parameter leads to premature compressed mode startups,
which increases the compressed mode startup period, reduces cell capacity,
and negatively affects downlink cell coverage. A small value of this parameter
leads to delayed compressed mode startups and untimely handovers, which
increases the call drop rate. The recommended value is 13.
Network plan
Ec/N0 threshold for special UEs
to report the 2F event.
SpecUserCSThd2FEcN0 This parameter is used together with SpecUserCSThd2DEcN0. A large value
of this parameter leads to a long compressed mode startup period, which
reduces the cell capacity and negatively affects downlink cell coverage. A
small value of this parameter leads to a high probability of ping-pong
handovers. The recommended value is 10.
Network plan
RSCP threshold for special UEs
to report the 2D event.
SpecUserCSThd2DRSCP A large value of this parameter leads to premature compressed mode startups,
which increases the compressed mode startup period, reduces cell capacity,
and negatively affects downlink cell coverage. A small value of this parameter
leads to delayed compressed mode startups and untimely handovers, which
increases the call drop rate. The recommended value is 93.
Network plan
RSCP threshold for special UEs
to report the 2F event.
SpecUserCSThd2FRSCP This parameter is used together with SpecUserCSThd2DRSCP. A large value
of this parameter leads to a long compressed mode startup period, which
reduces the cell capacity and negatively affects downlink cell coverage. A
small value of this parameter leads to a high probability of ping-pong
handovers. The recommended value is 90.
Network plan
If the switch
Special_User_Enhance is
selected, the TAC specifies the
UEs that are enabled with the
Special User Enhance feature.
TAC_FUNC To enable Voice Experience Improvement for Weak Reception UEs, set
TAC_FUNC to Special_User_Enhance.
Network plan
Data Preparation
Feature Activation
Page 19
The following procedure is used to activate Voice Experience Improvement for Weak Reception UEs:
Step 1: (Optional) Run the following MML command to turn on the switches for obtaining the IMEI and for sending the MM NULL
message on the RNC:
SET URRCTRLSWITCH: PROCESSSWITCH2=RNC_CS_QUERY_UE_IMEI_SWITCH-1,
PROCESSSWITCH4=SEND_MSG_NULL_SWITCH-1; Note: If the CN does not check the message serial number, the switch for
sending the MM NULL message does not need to be turned on.
If the CS IMEI acquisition function is enabled on the CN, this step is not required.
Step 2: Run the following commands on the RNC to enable the iPhone Voice Experience Improvement feature, add the iPhone IMEI
TAC, and enable the differentiated handling:
(The following parameter values are used for reference and must be determined based on live network conditions.)
In the scenario with the GSM coverage much better than the UMTS coverage, enable both the differentiated power control and
differentiated handovers:
ADD UIMEITAC: TAC_FUNC=Special_User_Enhance, TAC=XXXX, Description="iPhone",
SpecUserFunctionSwitch=SPECUSER_AMR_HOENHANCE_SWITCH-1&SPECUSER_AMR_PWRENHANCE_SWITCH-1;
ADD UCELLLDM:
CellId=XX, SpecUserPwrEnDlPwrTrigThd =80;
MOD UCELLRLPWR:
CellId=XX, CNDomainId=CS_DOMAIN, MaxBitRate=12200, RlMaxDlPwr=0, SpecUserRlMaxDlPwr =30;
SET UHOCOMM:
SpecUserHystFor2D=6, SpecUserCSThd2DEcN0=-13, SpecUserCSThd2FEcN0=-10, SpecUserCSThd2DRSCP=-93,
SpecUserCSThd2FRSCP=-90;
In the scenario with no GSM network or poor GSM coverage, enable only the differentiated power control:
ADD UIMEITAC: TAC_FUNC=Special_User_Enhance, TAC=XXXX, Description="iPhone",
SpecUserFunctionSwitch=SPECUSER_AMR_HOENHANCE_SWITCH-0&SPECUSER_AMR_PWRENHANCE_SWITCH-1;
ADD UCELLLDM:
CellId=XX, SpecUserPwrEnDlPwrTrigThd =85;
MOD UCELLRLPWR:
CellId=XX, CNDomainId=CS_DOMAIN, MaxBitRate=12200, RlMaxDlPwr=0, SpecUserRlMaxDlPwr =30;

Contents
2 Feature Planning

Performance Monitoring (1)
The following procedure is used to monitor this feature effect:
1. Prepare a weak reception UE whose TAC is contained in the IMEI TAC list on the RNC. Obtain the international mobile subscriber identity
(IMSI) of the weak reception UE, and then start UE tracing on the RNC side.
2. Use the weak reception UE to initiate a CS call in a cell configured with related differentiated power control parameters.
3. View the UE signaling messages to check whether the values of the following information elements (IEs) contained in the signaling
messages are the same as the parameter settings:

Parameter confirmation of the maximum RL DL
transmit power
2D/2F event parameter confirmation
Performance Monitoring (2)
Page 22
The following counters are added on the RNC to calculate the number of CS radio access bearers (RABs) abnormally
or normally released for special UEs in cells.
Counter Description Meaning
VS.RAB.SpecialUser.
AbnormRel.CS
Number of CS RABs
Abnormally Released for
Special UEs for Cell
This counter measures the number of CS
RABs abnormally released for special UEs in
the best cells.
VS.RAB.SpecialUser.
NormRel.CS
Number of CS RABs
Normally Released for
Special UEs for Cell
This counter measures the number of CS
RABs normally released for special UEs in the
best cells.
Based on the preceding counters, the following key performance indicator (KPI) is added on the
RNC. This KPI is calculated with the following formula:
Call drop rate of special UEs = VS.RAB.SpecialUser.AbnormRel.CS/
(VS.RAB.SpecialUser.AbnormRel.CS + VS.RAB.SpecialUser.NormRel.CS) x 100%

Gain evaluation
To evaluate the gain of this feature for weak reception UEs, do as follows:
1. Obtain data about the call drop rate before and after enabling this feature and about call drop
causes.
2. Compare the gain based on the data about call drops caused by weak coverage.
Performance monitoring
Contents
2 Feature Planning

O&M and Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting
When the feature is faulty, disable the feature and the system is not
affected.
IMEI TAC list update
The RNC identifies weak reception UEs based on the IMEI TAC. To
estimate gains correctly, ensure that the RNC is configured with the
latest IMEI TAC list.
2 Feature Planning

Page25
Contents
Reference Document
FPD: Voice Experience Improvement for Weak Reception UEs
Acronyms & Abbreviations

TAC: type allocation code
IMEI: international mobile station equipment identity
CQI: channel quality indicator
Thank you
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