Outline of the Thesis

Introduction to the dissertation

Inverted-F Antenna
Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA)
PIFA Antenna for Single Band Application
PIFA Antenna for Wideband Application
Miniaturization of PIFA
Closed Loop PIFA Antenna for Multi Band Application
Open Ended PIFA Antenna for Multi Band Application
Conclusion
Suggestions for future work
References
List of paper published
1
Introduction
2
The objective of this dissertation is to optimise the bandwidth of a PIFA
antenna while keeping its overall size small.
The introduction of cellular communications and mobile satellite
technology has led to a growing awareness of the vital role of wireless
systems in communication networks.
With the advent of the third and nowadays fourth generation of the
mobile systems and the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
(UMTS), efficient antenna design has been the target of many
engineers during the past recent years.
The engineer nowadays must therefore develop highly-efficient and low
profile antennas which can be mounted on hand-held transceivers.

The Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA)
A PIFA is an antenna resonating at quarter-wavelength,
fed by a probe.
The feed is kept between the open and shorted end of
the patch.
It is called an IFA because the side of this antenna, for
an air dielectric, resembles the letter F with its face
down.
This antenna has been suggested for mobile telephone
handsets because of its compactness and low profile.
3
Contd.
4
The increase in the capacity and quality of the new services provided by
mobile communications and wireless applications requires the
development of new antennas with wider bandwidths. At the same time,
due to the miniaturisation of the transceivers, the antennas should have
small dimensions, low profile and the possibility to be embedded in the
terminals. In this context, PIFA antennas are able to respond to such
demands.
Its conventional geometry, that is, the simple PIFA is shown in Fig. 3
below.
Feeding
wire
Radiating
Plate
Circuit
Plate
Ground
Plate
y
x
h
Circuit
Plate
Feeding
wire
h
x
Fig 3. Geometry of a simple PIFA
PIFA design equations
5

. (i)






. (ii)

L
1
= width of the conducting element of PIFA,
L
2
= length of the conducting element of PIFA,
c = speed of light,
f = resonating frequency,

r
= dielectric constant of the given material.
Advantages of PIFA
6

It shows omnidirectional radiation pattern.

can be matched directly to 50 Ohm.

high radiation efficiency in compact form.

reduced coupling to surrounding environment.

reduced backward radiation hence low Specific
Absorption Rate (SAR).

can be made resonant in desired multiple frequency
bands!