WATER AND BUFFER

Noer Kasanah
AIR
70 % bobot menyusun kehidupan
Medium tempat berlangsungnya transport
nutrient, reaksi enzimatis, transfer energi kimia
Air dan produk ionisasinya (H
+
dan OH
-
)
mempengaruhi komponen penting sel: enzim,
protein, asam nukleat, lipid.
Structure of Water
Structure of Water
Hydrogen bonds in water
Common Hydrogen bonds
Strong and weak hydrogen bonds
Polar, Non-polar and amphipathic molecules
Important hydrogen bonds
Water and NaCl- water as a solvent
Polar and ionic molecules have positive and
negative charges and are therefore attracted
to water molecules because water molecules
are also polar. They are said to be
hydrophilic because they interact with
(dissolve in) water by forming hydrogen
bonds.


Nonpolar molecules are
hydrophobic (means "water
fearing"). They do not dissolve in
water.
Water cages and amphipathic molecules
Water and Lipid micelles
Enzyme-substrate
interactions and
water
SIFAT KOLIGATIF
Empat sifat utama air yang tergantung pada senyawa
terlarut
Titik beku, titik didih, tekanan uap dan tekanan osmosa
Water and cell membranes
Ionization of water
H
2
0 H
+
+ OH
-

Kw (equilibrium constant)

Kw= [H+][OH-]
[H
2
O]
Kw= [H+][OH-]
[55.5]

Measured Kw= 1.8x10
-16
M

[1.8x10
-16
][55.5]= 1x10
-14
= [H+][OH-]
pH scale
pH Scale
Titration of an acid
Buffers
Buffers are mixtures of weak acids and their anions

Buffers resist change in pH

At pH = pKa, there is a 50:50 mixture of acid and anion forms of the
compound

Buffering capacity of acid/anion system is greatest at pH = pKa
H
+
CH
3
C
O
OH
CH
3
C
O
O
-

Buffers and water
Acetic acid + acetate buffer: absorbs H+ or OH-
Henderson Hasselbalch Equation
It describes titration curves by relating pH, pKa and buffer concentration

pH = pKa + log [A-]
[HA]


Useful for biochemists:
1) You can calculate pKa from pH and concentration of proton acceptor and
donor

2) You can calculate pH from pKa and concentration of proton acceptor and
donor

3) You can calculate the ratio of proton donor and acceptor based on pH and
pKa
Acid-base pairs
H
+
CH
3
C
O
OH
CH
3
C
O
O
-

Acetic acid
Ka= 1.74x10
-5
M
pKa = 4.76
NH
4
+
NH
3
H
+

Ammonium (urine)
Ka=5.62x10
-10
pKa= 9.25
CH
2
C
NH
3
+
O
OH
CH
2
C
NH
3
+
O
O
-

CH
2
C
NH
3
+
O
O
-

CH
2
C
NH
2

O
O
-

H
+

Glycine-Carboxyl
Ka= 4.57x10
-3
M
pKa= 2.34
Glycine-Amino
Ka= 2.51x10
-10
M
pKa= 9.60
H
+

(Also
phosphate in cytosol
Bicarbonate in blood)
Titration curves
Amino acid titration curves
Histidine side chain is a weak acid