Columns Design
July 30, 2003
CVEN 444
Lecture Goals
Short Column Biaxial Design
Slender Column Design
Biaxial Bending and Axial
Load
Ref. PCA Notes on ACI 318-95
Unaxial bending
about y-axis
Biaxial Bending and Axial
Load
Ref. PCA Notes on ACI 318-95
Pu Pn
where,
Biaxial Column Example
The section of a short tied
column is 16 x 24 in. and is
reinforced with 8 #10 bars as
shown. Determine the
allowable ultimate load on
the section Pn if its acts at
ex = 8 in. and ey = 12 in. Use
fc = 5 ksi and fy = 60 ksi.
Biaxial Column Example
Compute the P0 load, compression with no moments
Ast 8 1.27 in 2 10.16 in 2
P0 0.85 f c Ag Ast Ast f y
0.85 5 ksi 24.0 in. 24.0 in. 10.16 in 2
10.16 in 2 60 ksi
2198.4 k
Pn0 rP0 0.8 2198.4 k 1758.7 k
Biaxial Column Example
Compute Pnx, by starting with ey term and assume
that compression controls. Check by
2 2
ey 12 in. d 21.5 in. 14.33 in.
3 3
Set the two equation equal to one another and sole for fs
fs 0.265c 2 6.483
1 1 1 1
Pn Pnx Pny Pn0
1 1 1
733.0 k 684.6 k 1758.7 k
EI / l of columns
u
EI / l of beams
u
57000 f c
Reinforced Moment (ACI 10.11.1)
I 0.35I g for a beam
I 0.70 I g for a column
General Formulation
Area
A Ag
Moment of inertia shall be divided by (1 + d)
with sustain lateral loads
Lateral deflection -
increases moment
M = P*( e + )
“Long” Column
Eccentrically loaded pin-ended column.
(a) Pinned-Pinned
Connection
(b) Fixed-Fixed
Connection
“Long” Column - Slenderness
Ratio
Slenderness Ratio for
columns
(c) Fixed-Pinned
Connection
(d) Partial restrained
Connection
“Long” Column - Slenderness
Ratio
Slenderness Ratio for columns in frames
“Long” Column - Slenderness
Ratio
Slenderness Ratio for columns in frames
“Long” Column
lu = Unsupported height of column from top of
floor to bottom of beams or slab in floor
I
r = Radius of gyration
A
= 0.3* overall depth of rectangular columns
= 0.25* overall depth of circular columns
“Long” Column
M1/M2 = Ratio of moments at two column ends, where
M2 > M1 (-1 to 1 range)
M1 M1
0 0
M2 M2
M1
0.5
M2 is typically conservative non - sway frames
and k 1.0
M1
Note: Code 10.12.2 0.5 (non-sway frames)
M2
klu
Possible range of = 22 to 40
r
Moment Magnification in
Non-sway Frames
If the slenderness effects need to be considered. The
non-sway magnification factor, ns, will cause an
increase in the magnitude of the design moment.
M c ns M 2
where
Cm
ns 1.0
Pu
1
0.75 Pc
Moment Magnification in
Non-sway Frames
The components of the equation for an Euler bucking
load for pin-end column
EI 2
Pc
klu
2
ft
7354.3 k
Design of Long Columns- Example
Compute the coefficient
M1
Cm 0.6 0.4
M2
6200 k-in.
0.6 0.4 0.89 0.4
8680 k-in.
Design of Long Columns- Example
The magnification factor
Cm 0.89
ns
Pu 800 k
1 1
0.75 Pc 0.75 7354.3 k
1.04 1.0
Design of Long Columns-
Example
The design moment is
As 7.0 in 2
Acs 7.0 in 2
Design of Long Columns-
Example
The column is compression controlled so c/d > 0.6.
Check the values for c/d = 0.6
Pn Cc Cs1 T
1405.7 k 378.35 k 406.0 k
1378.05 k
Design of Long Columns-
Example
Moment is
h a h h
M n Cc Cs1 d T d
2 2 2 2
9.45 in.
1405.7 k 12.5 in.
2
378.35 k 12.5 in. 2.5 in.
406.0 k 22.5 in. 12.5 in.
18773 k-in
Design of Long Columns-
Example
The eccentricity is
M n 18773 k-in
e
Pn 1378.05 k
13.62 in.
Since the e = 11.28 in. < 13.62 in. The section is in the
compression controlled region = 0.65. You will
want to match up the eccentricity with the design.
Design of Long Columns-
Example
Check the values for c/d = 0.66
Pn Cc Cs1 T
1546.26 k 378.35 k 313.74 k
1610.9 k
Design of Long Columns-
Example
Moment is
h a h h
M n Cc Cs1 d T d
2 2 2 2
10.395 in.
1545.26 k 12.5 in.
2
378.35 k 12.5 in. 2.5 in.
313.74 k 22.5 in. 12.5 in.
18205.2 k-in
Design of Long Columns-
Example
The eccentricity is
M n 18205.2 k-in
e
Pn 1610.9 k
11.30 in.