The French Revolution and

Napoleon
(1789-1815)
Radical Days

WEX II
Chapter 2, Section 3
Radical Days
At the end of this section, I will be able to answer
the following questions:
Why did the revolution become more radical?
What was the Reign of Terror?
How did the French Revolution change daily life?
Vocabulary suffrage, nationalism
Radical Days
Frances battles with other countries
wasnt bringing the victories they had
hoped for
Well trained Prussian soldiers were cutting
down new French recruits
Royalist officers deserted the French army and
joined the migrs and other who wanted to
return the king to power

Radical Days
Violence breaks out in France
Revolutionaries believe that the king was
siding with countries that were defeating
Frances armies
On August 10
th
, 1792, a crowd invaded
Tuileries and slaughtered kings guards
Royal family fled to the Legislative Assembly

Radical Days
What were the September massacres?
Citizens attacked the prisons holding nobles
and priests accused of political offenses
They killed the political prisoners and other
prisoners

Radical Days
What's the National Convention?
Radicals took control of the Assembly
Elected a new legislative body called the
National Assembly
Suffrage, right to vote, was extended to all
male citizens; not just land owners
Radical Days
The National Convention meets in
September, 1792 and makes changes
Abolish the monarchy
Declare France a republic
onarchyDeputies drew up a new constitution (2
nd
)
Jacobins wanted to erase all traces of the old
order
Seized lands of the nobles
Abolished titles of nobility
All men & women were call Citizen.



Radical Days
The Convention put Louis XVI and his
wife on trail for being traitors
Both found guilty
Both were executed in January 1793
Both were beheaded in public display
Louis XVII died of unknown causes in a
dungeon


Radical Days
What is the Committee of Public Safety?
To deal with all the threats, the Convention
created the Committee of Public Safety
12 member committee had almost absolute
power trying to save the revolution
It prepared France for all out war

Radical Days
The Committee was effective
Stimulated revolutionary fervor
Young officers developed effective new tactics
to win battles with ill-trained, but patriotic forces
French armies overran the Netherlands
Then they marched into Italy
Monarchs shuttered as they carried
freedom fever into the conquered lands


Radical Days
Government battled
counterrevolutionaries at home
Robespierre headed the Committee of
Public Safety
Popular with the sans-culottes incorruptible
France could become a republic of virtue only
through the use of terror
Liberty cannot be secured unless criminals lose
their heads




Radical Days
Robespierre was the chief architect of
the Reign of Terror
July 1793 July 1794
40,000 people died
15% nobles & clergy
15% middle-class citizens
70% peasants & sans-culottes
Dr. Joseph Guillotine was a member of the
legislature and invented the guillotine as more
human than using an uncertain axe
Radical Days
The Reign of Terror consumes its own
They became wary of the bloodshed
Feared that they could be next to visit the
guillotine
The Convention turned on the Committee of
Public Safety
Beheaded the most radical &
Beheaded Robespierre
Radical Days
France writes the new Constitution of 1795
Government becomes more moderate
3
rd
Constitution
5 man Directory
2 house legislature elected by male citizens
of property
Corrupt and didnt solve economic problems
Ruled from1795 - 1799

Radical Days
Women are active in the Revolution
Demonstrated & fought in the streets
Formed their own political clubs
Jeanne Roland was a significant leader
Writings
Salon
Influence through her husband who was a
government minister




Radical Days
Women did get some rights
Declaration of the Rights of Women
Written by Olympe de Gouges
States women have same rights as men
Government made divorce easier
Women could inherit property


Radical Days
However, womens rights were late
reduced
In 1793, a committee of the National
Convention declared that woman dont have
the moral & physical strength necessary to
practice political rights
Womens revolutionary clubs were banned
Gouges and other female moderates were sent
to the guillotine

Radical Days
Daily life changed in the 10 years following
the beginning of the revolution
Dislodged the old social order
The monarchy was overthrown
The church was brought under state control
Liberty caps & the tricolor
Practical clothes & hair cuts (instead of wigs)
Trends in childrens names
Constitution, Republic, August Tenth
Radical Days
Theres a great increase in Nationalism
an aggressive feeling of pride in and
devotion to ones country
By 1793, France was a nation in arms
Troops in the port city of Marseilles marched
to a new song La Marseillaise
This song became the national anthem

Radical Days
Come, children of the fatherland,
The glorious day has arrived.
Against us the bloody banner
Of tyranny is raided
To arms, citizens!
Join the battalions
Let up march, let us march!
La Marseillaise http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kTUygapkLas


Radical Days
Revolutionaries push for social reforms
Compulsory elementary education
State schools replace the religious schools
Organized systems to help the poor and
care for old soldiers and war widows
Abolished slavery in the French West Indian
colonies
Extended religious toleration


Radical Days
The Convention tried to de-Christianize
France
Created a secular calendar with 1793 as
Year 1
Banned many religious festivals
Huge public ceremonies boosted support for
republican & nationalist ideals

Radical Days
J acques Louis David leads a new
movement towards classical art
These painting helped shape the way future
generations pictured the French Revolution
Tennis Court oath http://www.myartprints.com/a/jacques-louis-david/the-tennis-court-oath-20t.html

Radical Days

I saw a sign in a restaurant that said,
'Breakfast served any time.'
I said, 'OK, I'll have French toast during
the Renaissance."
Steven Wright
Radical Days
Radical Days
French revolution funny presentation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otnADq4Y0-A&feature=related