3D CAPTCHA

A next generation of the Captcha

-Niriksha shetty
Contents
1.Origin
2. Introduction
1.1. Characteristics
1.2. Captcha methods
3. Related works
4. Proposed method
5. Results
6. Conclusion

ORIGIN
Fi r s t dev el oped by Al t a Vi s t a i n 1997. The
t er m coi ned i n 2000 by Lui s v on Ahn ,
Manuel Bl um and Ni chol as J . Hopper of
Car neg i e Mel l on Uni v er s i t y and J ohn
Langf or d of I BM.
Pr i mi t i v e CAPTCHAs s eem t o hav e been
dev el oped i n 1997 by Andr ei Br oder , Mar t i n
Abadi , Kr i s hna Bhar at , and Mar k Li l l i br i dg e
t o pr ev ent bot s f r om addi ng URLs t o t hei r
s ear ch engi ne.

Introduction
CAPTCHA - Completely Automated Public Turing test to
tell Computers and Humans Apart.
Turing Test is a test for determining whether or not
machine intelligence can converse like a human.
The CAPTCHA is used to keep bots and other automated
programs from signing up for offers, collecting or signing
up for email address, violating privacy, trying to crack
passwords, or sending out spam to unsuspecting email
recipients.

Introduction
A CAPTCHA is a program that protects websites
against bots by generating and grading tests that
humans can pass but current computer programs
cannot.
It is a type of challenge-response test used in
computing to ensure that the response is not
generated by a computer.
CAPTCHA requires the user type letters or digits
from a distorted image that appears on the screen.
Any user entering a correct solution is presumed to
be human else user is bot and denied access.
CAPTCHAs rely on difficult problems in artificial
intelligence .

Characteristics:

A CAPTCHA is a means of automatically generating
new challenges which:
Current software is unable to solve accurately.
Most humans can solve.
Does not rely on the type of CAPTCHA being new
to the attacker.

CAPTCHA methods
OCR based method:
The distorted image of a word is shown to the user. After that
the user is asked to type that word.
Ex: Google, Hotmail, and Yahoo.
Non-OCR based method:
This method is based on the features of multimedia systems
such as pictures, sound, and videos.
Ex: Collage CAPTCHA, CAPTCHA method that are found
on Spamfizzle and CNET web site.



Applications

1.)Rediffmail
Overlapping characters.
Noisy background.
Difficult to read.


Applications

2.) Google
Pure white background.
Single color character.
Different fonts.

Applications


3.) Hotmail
Sequence of characters.
Easy by human.
Difficult for OCR.
Applications

4.) Friendster
Many fonts in sequence.
Colorful and easy.
No overlapping.


Applications


5.) eBay
Only digits.
No background.
Proposed method
To develop a sequence of 3D characters which is easily
recognizable by human but difficult by an OCR.
The basis for a strong OCR-based CAPTCHA is ensuring that
segmentation is hard.
The CAPTCHA text consists of a total of 6 alphanumeric
characters which are letters and numbers.
Each has its own axis and rotation angle, ranging from -45 to
45 generated using standard randomization function.
CAPTCHA images are generated by using DirectX.
Proposed method
Factors affecting the sequence of characters
Rotation.
Overlapping.
Obstacle such as straight line.
Distributed Noise.
Character Colour.
Background Colour.
Scaling.
Font.
Special Character.
Background Texture.


Proposed method - Captcha schemes
Scheme 1:
3D CAPTCHA with rotation.
All characters contain a same
colour.
Each character is rotated in an
individual angle.
Proposed method - Captcha schemes
Scheme 2:
3D CAPTCHA with
overlapping characters.
Characters often cause a
segmentation problem.

Proposed method - Captcha schemes
Scheme 3:
3D CAPTCHA with rotation.
Straight line is drawn across a
sequence of characters.
This line is a 3D model and is
as thick as a character.

Proposed method - Captcha schemes
Scheme 4:
3D CAPTCHA are with
distributed noise of characters.
Reduction of image clarity.
Noise colour is same as the
colour of the character.
Pixel noise is randomly
generated.

Proposed method - Captcha schemes
Scheme 5:
3D CAPTCHA with rotation
and colour background.
Colour of text is generated
randomly, that would contrast
sufficiently with the background
colour, to ensure legibility.


Proposed method - Captcha schemes
Scheme 6:
3D CAPTCHA with rotation
and character colour variation.
Attract user and improve
usability.
Colour is randomly generated
from RGB components.
Makes CAPTCHA challenges
interesting.




Proposed method - Captcha schemes
Scheme 7:
3D CAPTCHA with rotation and
character scaling.
Scaling is performed individually
in each axis.
Scale value is randomly selected to
perform a half or double in length.
Proposed method - Captcha schemes
Scheme 8:
3D CAPTCHA with rotation and
font variation.
Font can be broadly divided into
serif and sans-serif fonts.
Some characters of serif font have
unique features for certain
characters that make recognition
easier.

Proposed method - Captcha schemes
Scheme 9:
3D CAPTCHA with special
characters.
Use of special character
increases resistance.
Ex:[!, @, #, $, %, &, *, +, ?]

Proposed method - Captcha schemes
Scheme 10:
3D CAPTCHA with
background texture
composed of random
primitives .
Cleverly makes use of the
unique capabilities of human
visual systems.
Results
Screenshot of evaluation website
Results
The result of this survey was collected from 138
people. The survey was comprised of 10 questions. A
survey of usability, preference, hit ratio was used to
measure the efficiency of 3D CAPTCHA.

From the result of the hit ratio, usability, and
preference, scheme 6 (3D CAPTCHA with rotation
and character colour variation) is the best from our
ten proposed schemes.
Results - Usability
Results - Preference
Results Hit Ratio
Conclusion
We propose a new generation of the CAPTCHA method that
uses 3D character instead of 2D character.
The advantage of using 3D characters in the CAPTCHA is, it
can be recognizable by human users and difficult to read by
bots.
Our new 3D CAPTCHA method uses a same input method
as that of several other websites using 2D.


Conclusion
3D CAPTCHA is More secure.
Can increase the rate of its difficulty by applying other
effects such as increase the length of the CAPTCHA,
increase the rotation angle, or include more special
characters.

Reference
Spamfizzle, http://spamfizzle.com/CAPTCHA.aspx.
CNET news, http://news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-
10204300-1.html.
ABBYY FineReader 10, http://finereader.abbyy.com