MATH

Formula &
Formula and Table
ALGEBRA
Roman Numerals
Roman Numerals Arabic Numerals
I 1
V 5
X 10
L 50
C 100
D 500
M 1000
Numbers Description Example
Composite Positive integer that has more than 2 whole
number factor.
6=(6,1)(2,3)
Prime greater than1; divisible by 1 and itself. 2, 3, 5, 7
Twin Prime Consecutive prime; differ by 2 (3,5),(5,7)
Emirp Prime number remain prime when its digit is
reversed
11,13,17,31
Symmetric Prime Pair of prime numbers that are the same distance (3,5) (3,7)
Relatively Prime Greatest factor is one
Perfect number Integer that is equal to the sum of all possible
divisor
6=(1+2+3)
Abundant The sum of possible divisor excluding itself is
greater than the number
12=(1+2+3+4
+6)
Defective/deficient The sum of possible divisor excluding itself is less
than the number

2=1
Numbers
Special Products
Sum & Difference + =
2

2

Square of binomials ( +)
2
=
2
+ 2 +
2

( )
2
=
2
2 +
2

Cube of binomials ( + )
3
=
3
+ 3
2
+3
2
+
3

( )
3
=
3
3
2
+3
2

3

Difference of two cubes
3

3
= ( )(
2
+ +
2
)
Sum of two cubes

3
+
3
= ( )(
2
+
2
)

Square of a Trinomials ( + + )
2
=
2
+
2
+
2
+2 + 2 +2
Logarithms

= written as

=
1.log = +
2.log

=

3.log

=
4.

=
log
log

5.

6.

= 1
Remainder Theorem

= ()

Polynomial expression is divided by (x-k)
Where: k real number or complex

If = 0
()

Perfect Number
2
1
(2

1)
p= number
Quadratic Equation (
2
+ + = 0)
=

2
4
2

Nature of roots
0 Only one root (real and equal)
>0 Real and equal
<0 Imaginary and unequal

1
+
2
=

Sum of the roots

1
.
2
=

Product of the roots
VOLTAGE

( + )

+
1
+
( 1)
2!

2

2
++
1
+

RESISTANCE
=

Where:
= resistivity or specific
resistance,
-m and -CM/ft units
Q = electric charge, Coulombs (C)

Note:
1 CM = /4 square mil
1 square mil = /4 CM
1 inch = 1000 mils
RESISTANCE
=

Where:
R = resistance
= resistivity
= length

A = area
TEMPERATURE EFFECT on RESISTANCE

2
=
+
1
|| +
2

2
=
1
[1 +
1
(
2

1
)]

2
=
1
1 +
1

1
=
1
+
1


1

-1

Where:
= resistance at t
1
t
1
= initial temperature,
o
C
t
2
= final temperature,
o
C

1
= temperature coefficient
of resistance at
1

(positive for
conductors, negative
for insulators and
semiconductors and
approximately zero for
some alloys)
= change in temperature
(
o
C) = t
2
t
1

T = inferred absolute zero
temperature (
o
C)
= -234.5
o
C for annealed
copper
CONDUCTANCE
=
1

=
1

Where:
R = resistance ()
A = area (m
2
)
L = length (m)
= resistivity
= conductivity
ELECTRICAL POWER
=

= =
2
=

2

Where:
R = resistance ()
W = work
t = time
Q = electric
charge
V = voltage (V)
I = current (I)
SERIES RESISTANCE

=
1
+
2
+
3

PARALLEL RESISTANCE
1/ = 1/
1
+1/
2
+1/
3
1/

CAPACITANCE
=

Where:
C = capacitance (farad F)
= coulomb (charge)
= volt (V)

CAPACITANCE
= ( 1)

Where:
C = capacitance
= number of
plates
= permittivity
of dielectric

A = area
SERIES CAPACITANCE
1/ = 1/
1
+1/
2
+1/
3
1/

PARALLEL CAPACITANCE

=
1
+
2
+
3

INDUCTANCE of SOLENOID
=

Where:
L = length of core
= permeability
= number of turns
A = area (

2
4
)
SERIES INDUCTANCE

=
1
+
2
+
3

PARALLEL INDUCTANCE
1/ = 1/
1
+1/
2
+1/
3
1/

ENERGY STORED by a CAPACITOR

=
1
2

2
Where:

= energy stored
= capacitance
= voltage
ENERGY STORED by an INDUCTOR

=
1
2

2
Where:

= energy stored
= inductance
= current
MUTUAL INDUCTANCE
=
1

2

Where:
= mutual inductance
= coefficient of coupling
= inductance
SERIES INDUCTANCE with MUTUAL
INDUCTANCE
L
T
=L
1
+L
2
2M
Where:
= mutual inductance

= series inductance
= inductance
+ = aiding
= opposing
PARALLEL INDUCTANCE with MUTUAL
INDUCTANCE

=

1

2
L
1
+L
2
2M

Where:
= mutual
inductance

= series
inductance
+ = opposing
= aiding
MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY
=

=
Where:
B = flux density
= permeability of material
= magnetic flux
A = area
H = magnetic field strength
MAGNETOMOTIVE FORCE
mmf=NI=HL
Where:
mmf = magnetomotive force
= number of turns
I = current
H = magnetic field strength
L = length
PERMEABILITY
=

Where:
= permeability

= absolute permeability

= relative permeability
PERMITTIVITY
=

Where:
= permittivity

= absolute permittivity

= relative permittivity
RELUCTANCE
=

Where:
R = reluctance
= length of magnetic path, m
= permeability of material, H/m
A = area of cross-section, m
2
INDUCED VOLTAGE
=

Where:
E = induced voltage
= number of turns

= rate of change of flux

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT

=
1
+

Where:

= temperature
coefficient
= inferred absolute
zero temperature

= temperature t
COULOMBS LAW
=

2

=
1
4

Where:
= force of attraction
repulsion
= 9 x 10
9
= charge
TRANSFORMER FORMULA

=
1

Where:

= primary winding power

= secondary winding power

= secondary winding voltage

= primary winding voltage

= primary winding number of turns

= secondary winding number of

turns

= secondary winding current

= primary winding current

= primary winding impedance

= secondary winding impedance

a = turns ratio
VOLTAGE DIVIDER

1
=

1

1
+
2

1
= Voltage Drop across
1

1
= 1

2
= 2
E= Voltage Supply
CURRENT DIVIDER

1
=

2

1
+
2

2
= Current Drop across
1

1
= 1

2
= 2

= Current Source
Wave Length
WL=

Where:
WL = Wavelength (m)
= Velocity (m/
2
)

f = frequency (Hz)
Peak to Peak

= 2

= 2.828

= 2

= 2.828

Peak

= 2

= 2.828

= 2

= 2.828

Average Value

=
2

=0.637

=
2

=0.637

Root-Mean-Square (RMS)

2
=0.707

2
=0.707

Form Factor
Ff=

=
0.707

0.637

= 1.11
Peak Factor
Pf=

0.707

= 1.4142